[Objective] Summary of Ming and Qing Dynasties and traditional Chinese medicine before tumor disease, to clarify the concept and to separate the tumor, and the tumor gall. [Method] Carefully read the documents of ancient Chinese medicine literature, combined with the relevant theoretical research methods of TCM, analyze the etiology and pathogenesis of neoplasia and its diagnosis and treatment system, summarize the theoretical system of the disease. [Results] The tumor is between blood stasis and phlegm stagnation. In time, the flesh skin membrane, between flesh and skin, because of its clinical and gall disease shows the organism body mass, so the ancient medical books of the two are collectively referred to as the gall disease. It is equivalent to the surface soft tissue tumor of modern medicine. [Conclusion] Before and after Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese medicine has formed a complete system of diagnosis and treatment of tumor, which has a good guiding effect on modern clinic.