Objective:To investigate the prognosis and outcome of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) related cirrhosis after achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) treated with direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA).Methods:Ninety-five patients diagnosed with CHC related cirrhosis who had complete data in Tianjin Second People′s Hospital from January 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively followed up. Among them, 72 patients were treated with DAA and all of them achieved SVR, and the other 23 patients did not receive any antiviral therapy. The differences of mortality and incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between DAA treatment group and non-antiviral treatment group were compared. Statistical analysis was performed by independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square test. Results:At the end of follow-up for three to 71 months, patients in DAA treatment group had a significant improvements in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin and liver stiffness measurement compared with those before treatment (42(23, 61) U/L vs 18(13, 28) U/L, 54(37, 75) U/L vs 23(18, 28) U/L, 39(33, 42) g/L vs 45(41, 48) g/L, 26(18, 37) kPa vs 15(11, 26) kPa, respectively, Z=-6.005, -7.008, -6.057 and -3.162, respectively, all P<0.01). However, there were no significant differences in incidence of HCC (12%(9/72) vs 17%(4/23)) and mortality (3%(2/72) vs 13%(3/23)) between the DAA treatment group and non-antiviral treatment group (both P>0.05). There was no significant difference of cumulative incidence of HCC in DAA treatment group compared with non-antiviral treatment group ( P=0.609). The age of patients progressed to HCC was older than those without HCC ((60.3±3.6) years vs (54.4±9.9) years, t=-3.948, P<0.01). In subgroup analysis, among the six patients with HCC, four had diabetes, the prevalence of diabetes in the patients without HCC was 17%(7/42); the level of fasting blood glucose (FBG) ((7.3±1.9) mmol/L vs (5.9±1.1) mmol/L) were higher in patients progressed to HCC than those without HCC in DAA treatment group with compensated cirrhosis ( χ2=7.430 and t=-2.442, respectively, both P=0.019). Conclusions:DAA treatment could notably improve liver function and alleviate liver fibrosis, but could not reduce the mortality and incidence of HCC in patients with CHC related cirrhosis significantly. Diabetes and high level FBG may be the risk factors for occurrence of HCC in patients with CHC related compensated cirrhosis.

Objective: To analyze serum HBV-RNA levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B whose serum HBV-DNA has dropped to undetected levels after treatment with entecavir, and to explore the correlation between HBV-RNA level and liver biochemical parameters, which lay the research foundation for the clinical significance of new serological marker HBV-RNA. Methods: HBeAg negatively detected 107 cases with chronic hepatitis B whose serum HBV-DNA test results were lower than detection level for six consecutive months after receiving standard nucleoside therapy for more than 12 months were included. HBV-RNA level was detected by Perkin-Elmer reagent. HBV-DNA level was detected by Roche Cobas. Hitachi automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect ALT and AST. Architect chemiluminescence analyzer was used to detect HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc. RStudio software was performed to analyze the correlation between HBV-RNA level and liver biochemical parameters. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent factors influencing HBV-RNA level. Results: The positive detection rate of serum HBV-RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis B whose serum HBV-DNA had dropped to undetected levels after ETV treatment was 22.43%. HBsAg, ALT and AST levels in HBV-RNA positive group were slightly higher than HBV-RNA negative group, while anti-HBc levels were slightly higher in HBV-RNA negative group. There was no difference in the level of anti-HBe between the HBV-RNA negative and the positive group. Logistic regression analysis showed that anti-HBc was an independent factor influencing the level of HBV-RNA detection (P = 0.021). Conclusion HBV-RNA can be detected in some patients with chronic hepatitis B whose serum HBV-DNA level has dropped to undetected levels after ETV treatment. Serum HBV-RNA only comes from the direct transcription of cccDNA, so it is better than HBV-DNA and HBsAg to reflect cccDNA level or activity. Anti-HBc, as an independent factor influencing the level of HBV-RNA, may be used in combination as a new marker to predict the efficacy of antiviral therapy.

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of significant liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) concurrent with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Methods:Those who underwent liver pathological examination and confirmed diagnosis of CHB and NAFLD in Tianjin Second People′s Hospital from August 2014 to September 2017 were enrolled. Data regarding their demographic information, laboratory tests results, and liver pathology results were analyzed. The latter results were used to categorize the patients either in non-significant liver fibrosis group (Metavir stage