ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of tanshinoneⅡA on the expression of S100A1 protein after acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats.Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, acute myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreatment group by random number table. The acute myocardial ischemia model was established by thoracotomy and penetration of a thread and occlusion around the root part of the left anterior descending coronary artery, while the sham operation group was established only by thoracotomy and penetration of a thread around the root part of that artery but without occlusion; 3 days before the operation, in the tanshinoneⅡA pretreatment group, intraperitoneal injection of tanshinoneⅡA solution(at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg) was applied, while in the sham and acute myocardial ischemia groups, intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of saline was given. Myocardial cell apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL), the levels of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and S100A1 protein were examined and the level of expression of S100A1 protein in myocardial tissue was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot.Results Compared with the sham operation group, the myocardial cell apoptosis rate, the contents of MDA, CK, LDH, S100A1 and the level of S100A1 expression in myocardial ischemia group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group were significantly increased, while SOD activity was decreased obviously; compared with the myocardial ischemia model group, the myocardial cell apoptosis rate, the contents of MDA, CK, LDH, S100A1 and the level of S100A1 protein expression were significantly reduced〔apoptosis rate:(32.1±4.2)% vs.(72.4±5.4)%, MDA(μmol/L): 9.1±2.2 vs. 17.3±5.2, CK(U/L): 83.3±12.2 vs. 107.5±12.4, LDH (μmol·s-1·L-1): 84.0±16.4 vs. 114.4±16.0, S100A1(μg/L): 37.6±6.0 vs. 78.4±8.6,P<0.05 orP<0.01〕, while the activity of SOD was increased markedly in tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group(kU/L:72.8±10.2 vs. 49.6±8.8,P<0.01). TUNEL staining showed that in the myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group, the myocardial cells represented positive staining(brown-yellow in color), irregular in shape with nuclear pyknosis, cell detachment from the surrounding tissue and other characteristics. And in sham operation group,the staining of majority of cells was negative. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that S100A1 protein staining was relatively deep in the myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group, and in the latter group, the color of S100A1 protein positive staining was not as deep as that in the former group. Western Blot showed that the S100A1 protein expression in myocardial ischemia model group was 2.8 folds of that of the sham operation group, while the S100A1 protein expression in tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group was significantly decreased compared with that of myocardial ischemia model group(bothP<0.05),which was 1.5 folds of that of the sham operation group.ConclusionTanshinoneⅡA may play a role in inhibiting the expression of S100A1 protein to protect against acute myocardial ischemia injury, suggesting that this agent have a potential effect for treatment of myocardial ischemia.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors of silent brain infarct (SBI) in Shunyi Cohort.Methods This study was based on the population based Shunyi Study in China.One thousand and twenty-seven stroke-free participants older than 35 years,who completed cerebral MRI,were included.Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by interview,physical examination and blood sample tests.SBI was evaluated on 3D-T1WI,T2WI and FLAIR sequences.Associations between risk factors and SBI were analyzed by Logistic regression and adjusted for age,sex,and relevant confounders.Results One thousand and twenty-seven participants,aged (55.9 ± 9.4) years,37.7％ male,were assessed.One hundred sixty-four participants(16.0％) had SBI on MRI.The prevalence of SBI increased by age (every 10 years,OR=2.12,95％ CI 1.74-2.58,P＜0.01).Hypertension(OR =2.67,95％ CI 1.77-4.04,P＜0.01),diabetes(OR=2.48,95％ CI 1.64-3.76,P＜0.01) and smoking(OR=1.98,95％ CI 1.08-3.62,P =0.028) were significantly associated with SBI.Conclusions The prevalence of SBI in this Chinese population is 16.0％,which increases with age.Hypertension,diabetes and smoking are associated with SBI.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the nutritional ingredients of daily consumed pre-packaged foods in Chinese adult residents.

METHODSFrom October to December 2013, the nutrition labels of pre-packaged foods consumed in continuous 7 days by 706 adult residents were collected by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling in 18 communities with 360 households in 9 cities in China including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenyang, Haerbin,Jinan,Zhengzhou, Changsha and Nanning. The contents of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, sodium and the percentages of low-fat and low-sodium foods were compared among 7 different kinds of foods including baked foods, convenient foods, leisure foods, puffed foods, milk, beverages and seasonings.

RESULTS871 kinds of pre-packaged foods were collected. The median (min, max) of energy contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were 2 155(1 638-2 785) kJ/100 g, 1 980 (582-2 639) kJ/100 g, 1 575 (353-3 015) kJ/100 g respectively. The median (min, max) of fat contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were 30.0 (5.0-40.9) g/100 g, 20.5 (0.3-40.5) g/100 g, 15.1 (0-71.4) g/100 g respectively. The contents of carbohydrate of baked foods, convenient foods and puffed foods were high relatively, the medians (min, max) of which were 58.1(19.8-82.5), 56.5(0-90.7), and 56.1(42.6-75.8)g/100 g respectively. The sodium content of seasoning was the highest, which was 2 177 (20-12 000) mg/100 g. The protein content of beverage was the lowest, which was 0.4(0-17.8)g/100 ml.

CONCLUSIONThe energy and fat contents of puffed foods, baked foods and leisure foods were high. The carbohydrate contents of baked foods, convenient foods and puffed foods were high relatively. The sodium content of seasonings was high. The protein contents of beverages were low.

Adult ; Beverages ; China ; Cities ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Dietary Fats ; Dietary Proteins ; Food ; Food, Preserved ; Humans ; Nutrition Surveys ; Nutritive Value ; Sodium, Dietary

Objective To illustrate the semiological characteristics of the three sub-types within the broad bilateral asymmetric tonic seizures (BATS),summarize their predictive values on lateralization and localization of seizure onset zone (SOZ),and analyze the difference between BATS and asymmetrical tonic limb posturing (ATLP).Methods A retrospective review of 385 patients who underwent stereotactic electrode implantation in the Sanbo Brain Hospital,Capital Medical University from September 2011 to May 2018 was performed.As long as there was a clinical epileptic seizure in the presence of BATS or ATLP,the patients were classified into the corresponding groups.Postoperative prognosis was assessed using Engel's grading criteria for a follow-up of no less than six months.Seizure descriptions were based on the classification of epileptic seizures introduced by Lüiders,which used arrows to connect the symptoms in chronological order.Results There was no statistically significant difference between the classic BATS and bilateral proximal tonic seizure in terms of whether it could be an independent seizure,as the onset and end of the seizure,with version and generalized tonic-clonic seizure (P＞0.05).Compared with the ATLP,except for whether it could be an independent seizure (P=1.000) and onset before versive seizure (P=0.068),the BATS showed significantly different semiological features (P＜0.05).The classic BATS and secondary motor area epilepsy had a 100.0％ predictive accuracy on the lateralization of SOZ.In the patients with broad BATS,the SOZ distribution was more extensive,but it was rare in the orbitofrontal gyrus,frontal pole and mesial temporal lobe.Compared with the bilateral proximal tonic seizures from the other regions,those originated from supplementary somatosensory motor area and its adjacent areas were rare and showed no statistically significant difference (0/8 vs 40.0％ (18/45),x2=3.226,P=0.072) but a low trend.The predictive value of BATS on lateralization of SOZ was higher than that of ATLP (84.9％ (45/53) vs 57.1％ (24/42),x2=9.086,P=0.003),and BATS was less originated from temporal lobe than ATLP (3.8％ (2/53) vs 23.8％ (10/42),x2=8.523,P=0.004).Conclusion Different from ATLP,the broad BATS are characterized by tonic proximal upper limb posturing,and have a higher predictive value on lateralization and localization of SOZ.

Objective To explore the rehabilitation effect of emergency whole-course optimized nursing in the first aid of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods A total of 94 patients with AMI treated in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2016 were divided into observation group and control group according to the order of admission, with 47 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were given routine nursing, and patients in the observation group were given emergency whole-course optimized nursing.The time of first aid and rehabilitation effects were compared between the two groups.Results The time of triage evaluation, time of venous blood collection, time of establishing venous access, time of emergency operation, total time of emergency treatment and the length of hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05).After treatment, LVEF, LVEDV, LVFS and other cardiac function levels in the two groups were significantly improved (P<0.05).And levels of LVEF and LVFS were significantly higher and LVEDV level was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P<0.05).The recurrence rate of AMI in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The re-operation rate of percutaneous coronary intervention surgery (PCI) was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (10.64% vs.27.66%) (P<0.05).Conclusion The application of whole-course optimized nursing in AMI patients can guarantee the smooth implementation of rescue, effectively shorten the time of first aid, save the ischemic myocardium, ensure smooth operation, improve the success rate of first aid, and significantly improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To explore the rehabilitation effect of emergency whole-course optimized nursing in the first aid of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods A total of 94 patients with AMI treated in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2016 were divided into observation group and control group according to the order of admission, with 47 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were given routine nursing, and patients in the observation group were given emergency whole-course optimized nursing.The time of first aid and rehabilitation effects were compared between the two groups.Results The time of triage evaluation, time of venous blood collection, time of establishing venous access, time of emergency operation, total time of emergency treatment and the length of hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (P<0.05).After treatment, LVEF, LVEDV, LVFS and other cardiac function levels in the two groups were significantly improved (P<0.05).And levels of LVEF and LVFS were significantly higher and LVEDV level was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P<0.05).The recurrence rate of AMI in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).The re-operation rate of percutaneous coronary intervention surgery (PCI) was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (10.64% vs.27.66%) (P<0.05).Conclusion The application of whole-course optimized nursing in AMI patients can guarantee the smooth implementation of rescue, effectively shorten the time of first aid, save the ischemic myocardium, ensure smooth operation, improve the success rate of first aid, and significantly improve the prognosis of patients.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Both genetic factors and smoking are associated with ischemic stroke (IS) risk. However, little is known about the potential interaction of these factors. We aimed to assess whether smoking and a positive family history interact to increase the risk of IS. METHODS: The nationwide prospective study recruited 210,000 men and 300,000 women in 2004 to 2008 at ages 30 to 79 years. During 9.7 years of follow-up, we documented 16,923 and 20,656 incident IS cases in men and women without major chronic diseases at baseline, respectively. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to examine associations between family history and IS. Likelihood ratio tests were used to test the smoking-family history interactions on IS. RESULTS: About 67.8% (n=135,168) of men ever smoked regularly compared with 2.7% (n=7,775) of women. Among men, a significant interaction between family history and smoking on IS was observed (P for interaction=0.03), with more pronounced association between family history and IS among ever-regular smokers (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.16 to 1.27) than among never-smokers (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.23). The association between family history and IS among ex-smokers after more than 10 years of cessation (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.20) appeared similar to that among never-smokers. Among women, a similar but not significant interaction between family history and smoking on IS was observed. Ever-regular smokers who had a family history of stroke had the highest risk of IS. CONCLUSIONS: Among Chinese men, the association of family history with IS was accentuated by smoking, and such accentuation tended to be lowered by cessation.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Chronic Disease ; Cohort Studies ; Family Health ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stroke ; Tobacco

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of the T2WI gray scale ratio for Hashimoto's thyroiditis(HT).Methods The T2WI-iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least square estimation(IDEAL)quantitation sequence water images of 22 HT cases were analyzed retrospectively.The gray scale ratio of the thyroid,sternocleidomastoid muscle,trachea cavity,and subcutaneous fat at the same layer were measured on the picture archiving and communication systems(PACS).The gray scale ratios of thyroid/sternocleidomastoid muscle(T/M),thyroid/trachea cavity(T/Tr),and thyroid/lipid(T/L)were calculated.The intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC)was used to evaluate the consistency among the measurements,and the optimal threshold for distinguishing HT from non-HT was determined via the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.The Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between T/M,T/Tr,T/L ratios,and titers of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPO-Ab)and thyroglobulin antibody(Tg-Ab),respectively.Results On the T2WI-IDEAL quantitation sequence water images,the(x)±s of T/M,T/Tr,T/L ratios for HT and non-HT were 2.17±0.47 and 1.62±0.21(t=14.90,P<0.001),9.40±3.24 and 4.87±2.93(t=11.42,P<0.001),1.66±0.32 and 1.21±0.31(t=7.51,P<0.001),respectively.The area under the curve(AUC)of T/M,T/Tr,and T/L ratios for diagnosing HT were 0.89,0.86,and 0.85,respectively;the optimal thresholds were 1.90,3.50,and 1.36,and the sensitivity and specificity were 72.7%and 100%,100%and 40.5%,95.5%and 29.7%,respectively.The T/M ratio had a moderate correlation with TPO-Ab(r=0.513,P<0.05),and T/Tr,T/L ratios had a mild correlation with TPO-Ab,respectively.Conclusion The T/M ratio in the T2WI gray scale ratio can quantitatively and objectively distinguish HT from non-HT to some extent and is correlated with TPO-Ab.It has extremely high specificity and holds promise as a non-invasive imaging method for the diagnosis of incidental HT.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of astragaloside Ⅳ(AS-Ⅳ) activating ROCK/JNK to regulate autophagy in improving isoproterenol (ISO) induced myocardial fibrosis (MF) in mice. Methods The mice were randomly divided into control operation group (Control group), ISO induced myocardial fibrosis group (MF group), AS-Ⅳ treatment group (AS-Ⅳ group) and combination group of astragaloside IV and Y-33075 (ROCK inhibitor) (astragaloside IV+Y-33075 group). After repeated administration for 30 days. The serum levels of LDH, BNP, CTGF in each group were detected. The cardiac function was detected by ultrasound. Myocardial structure and tissue fibrosis degree in each group were detected by Sirius Red and Masson staining. Oxidative stress (ROS) levels in myocardial tissue of each group were detected by DHE staining and the expression of ROCK, JNK, Atg5, Beclin 1, and LC3 Ⅰ/Ⅱ in myocardial tissue were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with AS-Ⅳ group, the EF value of AS-Ⅳ+Y-33075 group decreased and the degree of myocardial fibrosis increased (P<0.05). The serum level of LDH, BNP, CTGF increased and the level of ROS in myocardial tissue increased while the expression of ROCK, JNK, Atg5, Beclin 1, LC3 Ⅰ/Ⅱ decreased (P<0.05). Y-33075 could block the protective effect of AS-Ⅳ on myocardial injury induced by MF and inhibit the regulation of AS-Ⅳ on ROCK and JNK. Conclusion AS-Ⅳ could attenuate myocardial fibrosis in mice by activating ROCK/JNK signal and promoting autophagy.