The effects of radiotherapy (RT) on the survival of cancer patients are interpreted as a consequence of the improved lo-cal control of tumors that directly decrease systemic spreading. Some of the effects of ionizing radiation are recognized as a contribu-tion to systemic antitumor immunity, which can provide sufficient evidence for proposing a paradigm shift. Recent examples of objec-tive responses achieved by adding radiotherapy to immunotherapy in metastatic cancer patients support this view. Preclinical data indi-cate that RT can convert irradiated tumor into an in situ individualized vaccine and potentiate the systemic efficacy of immunotherapy, whereas activation of the innate and adaptive immune system can enhance the local efficacy of RT. This study summarizes key evi-dence that support the role of radiotherapy as an immune adjuvant and some of the current challenges in translating this knowledge for clinical use.

Now the layer-by-layer self-assembling (LbL) technique has become an attention-getting reparative methodology for ultrathin film formation. Many scientists in different academic areas including bioengieering, medical science, drug controlled release, optoelectronics dive into this technology. Among of them, carriers with structures which can be flexibly controlled are more useful since functional structure units can be assembled in layer-by-layer fashion, which is simplicity, chemical mildness, concealment, can achieve targeted drug delivery and so on. In this review, we have discussed the advantage, development, influential factors and applications of LbL. We have focused on reviewing the applications and perspective of nanoparticles, microgels and capsules were both fabricated via the LbL assembling at drug delivery.

More and more attentions have been paid to the harm of environmental arsenic pollution to human health.The mechanism of arsenic metabolism in human body was described,the interaction mechanism and research advance were reviewed in the present paper,including the damages to skin,digestive system,urinary system,immune function,nervous system,cardiovascular system,respiratory system and inheritance system.It is useful not only to enhance understanding for the relation between arsenic pollution and health damage,but also to provide the basic theory to control the arsenic pollution.The present paper also made suggestions in the future research in this field.

Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of nosocomial infections among patients undergoing radiotherapy, so as to provide insights into nosocomial infection control among radiotherapy patients. Methods: The malignant tumor patients receiving radiotherapy in Yiwu Central Hospital from 2019 to 2020 were selected. Their demographic features, radiotherapy and nosocomial infections were collected through the eletronic medical records. The factors affecting nosocomial infections were identified among radiotherapy patients using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 553 malignant tumor patients receiving radiotherapy were enrolled, including 268 men ( 48.46% ) and with a mean age of ( 60.31±13.66 ) years. The mean duration of hospital stay was ( 28.67±14.32 ) days, and the mean radiotherapy cycle was ( 3.63±1.89 ) weeks. A total of 46 patients were detected with nosocomial infections, with prevalence of 8.32%. The top three sites with the highest prevalence of nosocomial infections included the lower respiratory tract ( 14 cases, 30.43% ), oral cavity ( 10 cases, 21.74 ) and urinary tract ( 8 cases, 17.39% ), and 42 bacterial strains were isolated, with Gram-negative bacteria as the predominant strains ( 25 strains, 59.52% ). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that radiotherapy cycle of 4 weeks and longer ( OR=3.857, 95%CI: 1.896-7.846 ), radiotherapy exposure ( OR=3.254, 95%CI: 1.561-6.783 ), arteriovenous catheterization ( OR=2.165, 95%CI: 1.144-4.098 ), urinary tract intubation ( OR=6.028, 95%CI: 1.841-19.734 ) and poor nutritional status ( OR=3.933, 95%CI: 1.493-10.360 ) were associated with nosocomial infections among radiotherapy patients. Conclusion Radiotherapy cycle, exposure to radiotherapy, arteriovenous catheterization, urinary tract intubation and poor nutritional status are factors affecting nosocomial infections among radiotherapy patients.

SUMMARY Delayed postoperative spinal epidural hematoma(DPSEH) is a rare and potentially devastating complication of laminoplasty, and cervical nerve root palsy occurs more frequently than DPSEH, especially with C5 nerve root palsy. The authors describe a case of DPSEH with C5 nerve root palsy that developed in a patient 3 days after he underwent laminoplasty. In this case, a 78-year-old man with a history that having taken Aspirin without the doctor’s instruction for 5-6 years,he underwent cervical laminoplasty for mild myelopathy. On the 3rd postoperative day, he complained of weakness of his left upper extremity and could not raise his left arm. The symptom aggravated in the next few days. On the 9th postoperative day, there was an obvious motor deficit of both upper and lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal signal characteristics consistent with a hematoma at levels C3-C4, compressing spinal cord. The clot was evacuated during emergency revision surgery, and the postoperative course after the operation was uneventful and the muscle strength was improved five days later. Therefore, the symptoms of DPSEH are not so typical that its possibility should be kept in mind. Sometimes a differential diagnosis should be made with C5 nerve root palsy which may only represent weakness of upper extremities. The authors recommend that magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for the diagnosis of DPSEH and a revision surgery should be taken as soon as possible once the hematoma causing the neurologic deterioration was confirmed.

The antitumor activities of artemisinin and its derivatives has become a hot topic in recent years.Artemisinin and its derivatives have been reported to exert antitumor effects mainly by blocking the cell cycle, promoting tumor cell apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis and so on.Also, their influence on signaling pathways has attracted considerable interest of many scholars.Currently, in order to discover some compounds with better therapeutic potentials, many studies dedicated to the synthesis and development of new artemisinin derivatives.In addition, the effects of artemisinin and its derivatives on multi-drug resistantace in tumor cells also become a trend of the future research.In this paper, we review the research advances in the antitumor activities of artemisinin and its derivatives during the past five years to provide a reference for future study .

Objective To explore the clinical value of high‐sensitive troponin I detection in the diagnosis of early myocardial inju‐ry .Methods Totally 240 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) patients (study group) and 40 healthy people(healthy control group) were chosen as subjects .The serum level of HbA1c ,AST ,CK ,CK‐MB and hs‐cTnI were measured among the two groups ,respec‐tively .Results Hs‐cTnI level in T2DM group was significantly higher than in healthy control group(P< 0 .05) ,and AST ,CK and CK‐MB levels in two groups had no significant difference(P> 0 .05) .Hs‐cTnI level and positive rate in HbA1c ≥ 6 .5% group was significantly higher than in HbA1c ≤ 6 .4% group(P< 0 .05) ,and no significant difference of AST ,CK and CK‐MB levels and posi‐tive rate were observed in two groups(P> 0 .05) .There was a positive correlation between the level of HbA1c and that of serum hs‐cTnI in T2DM group(r= 0 .471 ,P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The hs‐cTnI level detection has important clinical value in the diagnosis of early myocardial injury in T2DM patients ,and HbA1c is positively correlated with hs‐cTnI .

AIM: To investigate the effects of angiotensinⅡ receptor type Ⅰ antagonist irbesartan and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on the myocardial expression of connexin 43 (CX43), desmin and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in the pressure overload-induced rat cardiac hypertrophy. METHODS: 40 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (8 animals for each): sham operation group and other four groups with ventricular hypertrophy caused by banding aortic artery. Drugs were given one week after operation as follows: sham operation group, normal saline (2 mL?kg~-1?d~-1 ig) was given; Operative groups: animals with ventricular hypertrophy were treated with normal saline 2 mL?kg~-1?d~-1 ig; Treatment groups: animals with ventricular hypertrophy were treated with perindopril 2 mg?kg~-1?d~-1 ig, irbesartan 20 mg?kg~-1?d~-1 ig or irbesartan 20 mg?kg~-1?d~-1 ig plus perindopril 2 mg?kg~-1?d~-1 ig, respectively. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI), transverse diameter of myocardial cell (TDM), and myocardial expression of CX43, desmin and cTnT by immunohistochemistry were performed at the end of 8 weeks of drug intervention. RESULTS: LVMI, TDM were remarkably decreased after drug intervention, compared to animals of operative group (P

3-Hydroxypropionic acid is an important building block to synthesize lots of industrially valuable chemicals. In this study, we firstly investigated the effects of cell, substrate and product concentrations on biosynthesis of 3-hydroxypropionic acid from 1,3-propanediol by Gluconobacter oxydans ZJB09112 in 50-mL shake flask containing 10 mL transformation liquid. To avoid the inhibition of substrate and product, we adopted fed-batch biotransformation and fed-batch biotransformation coupled with in situ product removal in 2-L bubble column reactor containing 1 L transformation liquid. The results show that high concentrations of substrate and product could inhibit the biotransformation by decreasing the initial reaction rate, and the optimal reaction conditions were as follows: cell concentration 6 g/L, pH 5.5. Fed-batch biotransformation in which the substrate concentration was maintained at 15-20 g/L could obtain product concentration of 60.8 g/L after 60 h, which gave a productivity of 1.0 g/(Lh) and a yield of 84.3%. Furthermore, fed-batch biotransformation coupled with in situ product removal could achieve the total product concentration of 76.3 g/L after 50 h, which gave a productivity of 1.5 g/(L x h) and a yield of 83.7%. The results obtained here may be useful for the application of G. oxydans in biocatalysis industry by using its characteristic of incomplete oxidation of alcohols.
Batch Cell Culture Techniques ; Biotransformation ; Gluconobacter oxydans ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; biosynthesis ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Propylene Glycols ; metabolism

Objective To analysis the correlation between patient selection and heterotopic ossification (HO) after cervical artificial disc replacement.Methods Data of 48 patients with cervical spondylosis (34 cervical spondylotic myelopathy and 14 nerve-root type) who had undergone Bryan cervicadisc replacement from December 2003 to December 2008 were reviewed retrospectively,and all the patients had been followed up for more than 5 years.There were 21 males and 27 females with an average age of 42 years old (range,20-53 years).There were 38 single level replacement (C3-4 3 cases,C4-5 5 cases,C5-6 28 cases,C6-7 2 cases),9 double level replacement (C4-5,C5 6 4 cases;C5-6,C6-7 5 cases) and 1 three level replacement (C3-4,C4 5,C5-6) as a total of 59 surgical segments.The occurrence of HO was defined by McAfee classification on cervical lateral X-ray.Four factors were used in patient selection including gender,range of motion (ROM) of the target level,alignment of the functional spine unit (FSU) of the index level,and the disc height ratio between surgical level and the adjacent levels.The correlation between these four factors and HO was evaluated by logistic regression.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve were used to evaluate the significant result of logistic regression and the optimal diagnostic value.Results 48 patients were all followed up for an average period of 70.3 months (range,60-120 months).The occurrence rate in this study was 33.9％ (20/59 segments).Only one factor,the disc height ratio of the target level and its adjacent levels,presented statistical correlation with HO.ROC analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve of disc height ratio was 0.813 and the optimal diagnostic threshold was 0.9.Conclusion The disc height ratio of the target level and adjacent levels was the only patient selective factor correlated with the occurrence of HO.For those with disc height loss exceeding 10％ comparing to adjacent levels,it is not indicated for cervical artificial disc replacement with Bryan prosthesis.