Objective To explore the factors affecting urinary arsenic methylated metabolites in population exposed to elevated arsenic through drinking water.Methods Residents,including 73 males and 72 females,in a endemic village located in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where the concentration of arsenic in drinking water was 0.167 mg/L,were included in the study; moming urine samples were collected; individual height and weight were measured which could be used to calculate body mass index(BM庆) ; and smoking and drinking habit was investigated by a questionnaire survey.Urinary concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs),monomethylarsenic acid(MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid(DMA) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFC).Total arsenic (T-As) level was calculated by the sum of iAs,MMA and DMA; iAs％,MMA％ and DMA％ was calculated based on iAs/T-As,MMA/T-As and DMA/T-As.One methylation ratio(PMI) and dimethyl rate(SMI) were calculated by MMA/iAs and DMA/MMA.Results SMI level of female was significantly higher than that of male [median (M) =4.18,3.38,x2 =11.219,P ＜ 0.05] ; MMA％ of female was significantly lower than that of male(M =15.1 9,18.06,x2 =9.272,P ＜ 0.05) ; DMA％ of female was significantly higher than that of male (M =65.61,59.47,x2 =11.728,P ＜ 0.05).Various forms of arsenic indexes were not affected by smoking,alcohol consumption and BMI(P ＞ 0.05).BMI was negatively correlated with MMA％,with correlation coefficient (r)-0.17 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Under the same condition of arsenic exposure,arsenic methylation capacity of women is higher than that of men.Lower BMI is significantly associated with higher methylation capability of arsenic,but this correlation may be affected by other confounding factors.

Purpose To explore the methods of selectively visualizing hepatic portal vein by using three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady state acquisition combined with in-flow inversion recovery labeling pulse at 3.0 Tesla. Materials and Methods Ten healthy volunteers were examined under different TI (1200, 1400, 1600, 1800 ms), and the vessel-to-liver contrast ratio of the main portal vein, right portal vein, and left portal vein were measured. Results Non-contrast-enhanced MRA images of portal vein were obtained successfully in all ten volunteers. The signal intensity of peripheral portal branches gradually increased when TI increased from 1200 ms to 1600 ms, and the highest vessel-to-liver contrast ratio occurred when TI was 1400 ms. Conclusion Non-contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of the hepatic portal vein can be successfully achieved at 3.0T high field MRI. A fixed TI of 1400 ms is preferable.

Objective The aim to assess the methodology and feasibility of ultrasound guided percutaneous thrombin injection(UGTI) for the treatment of Iarogenic Femoral Arterial Complexity Pseudoaneurysms(IFACP).Methods Thirty two iarogenic femoral arterial complexity pseudoaneurysms patients following femoral arerial puncture for arterial angiography were treated with UGTI.Twenty-three IFACP with 2 lobes,8 IFACP with 3 lobes,1 IFACP with 4 lobes.Under local anesthesia the lobe was pene trated by artery needle successively and thrombin jection was performed slowely into distal lobe with US guide precise localization.Dynamical observation was performed for the status of thrombogenesis and cavity plugging.US follow-up examination were performed after 24 h and 7 d.Results Reperfusion occurred in IFACP with 3 lobes after 24 h and UGTI failure.IFACPs with 4 lobes failure.Nothromboembolic,infectious,allergic complication soccurred.Conclusion UGTI is the first mothed for the treatment of IFACP.Precise localization and percutaneous can enhance the ratio of treatment of IFACPs and avoid the severe complications.

Objective To analysis the MRI features of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), to improve the understanding of MRI manifestations of this disease. Meth?ods The clinical manifestations, neuroimaging analysis and genetic analysis were performed in the CADASIL pedigree proband and his families. Results Five of six cases were confirmed with C2182T mutation on exon 14 of the NOTCH3, of which three cases were diagnosed by MRI. Brain MRI findings included bilateral symmetric distributed confluent lesions in the subcortical and periventricular white matter in the frontal lobe, hypointensity on T1WI and hyperintensity on both T2WI and T2 FLAIR imaging in four cases. The external capsule was involved in three cases, with hyperintensity on T2WI. Subcortical lacunar lesions (SLLs) were shown in three cases. Lacunar infarction in the basal ganglia and thalamus were presented in four cases. T2WI hyperintensity at the brain stem was found in two cases. Cerebral microbleeds were re?vealed in three cases. There was no O’Sullivan sign in all the six cases. Conclusions There is characteristic change of MRI in CADASIL patients, which may play a very important role in screening these cases.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of labeling mice spleen lymphocytes with superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)and in vitro MR imaging of the labeled cells.Methods Spleen lymphocytes of 5 mice were isolated and then labeled with SPIO of 100,50,25,15,10,5 μg/ml,which was previously prepared with PLL.Prussian blue staining was performed to show the intracellular iron.Cell viability was compared among fresh,labeled and unlabeled cells.Different concentrations of mice spleen lymphocytes were screened using 3.0 T MR on T2WI,T2 * WI and SWI sequences in vitro.Cell viability was compared using independent-sample t test between groups.The MRI values among different groups were compared using one-way ANOVA.Results SPIO prepared with PLL could successfully label mice spleen lymphocytes,the optimum concentration of SPIO was 5 μg/ml.The Prussian blue staining showed intracellular blue spots and a labeling efficiency of(93.6 ± 2.1)％.Three groups of fresh,labeled and unlabeled cells showed a Trypan blue staining result of(94.8 ± 3.1)％,(88.7 ± 2.7)％,and(88.9 ±3.2)％,respectively; no statistically significant difference was found in cell viability between labeled and unlabeled lymphocytes(t =0.281,P ＞ 0.05); however,the cell viability of fresh cells were statistically significant higher than the labeled and unlabeled lymphocytes(t =8.125 and 7.253 respectively,P ＜0.05for all).Among the T2 WI,T2 * WI and SWI sequences under the same concentrations of cells,the SWI sequence was the most sensitive.Conclusions The mice spleen lymphocytes can be effectively labeled with SPIO with no impact on cell viability,and MR can be used to track these labeled cells in vitro.The SWI sequence is the most sensitive.

ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular pathogenesis of a pedigree of X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia atarda (SEDL) and to establish methods of gene diagnosis. Methods Clinical diagnosis was made based on height measurement, radiological examination and pedigree analysis. Peripheral blood samples of relevant family members were collected. After genomic DNA extraction, single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) followed with DNA sequencing was used to detect SEDL gene exons 36. Microsatellite marker DXS16 was selected for linkage analysis. Results The abnormal electrophoretic bands were detected in exon 4 of probands by PCR-SSCP. A c. 218C ＞ T mutation in exon 4 of SEDL gene was found in three probands, which resulted in a change in amino acid sequence S37L. The heterozygous exon 4 mutation was identified in three carriers, but not in healthy individuals, and no mutations were detect in exon 3, 5 and 6 of probands. Three unmarried young females (Ⅲ10, Ⅳ6 and Ⅳ7) were found to harbor the mutation by DNA sequencing analysis. ConclusionsA c. 218C ＞ T missense mutation in exon 4 of SEDL gene is the cause of molecular pathogenesis of the pedigree. SSCP and DNA sequencing can be used for prenatal gene diagnosis.

Objective To detect the expression levels of miR-7-5p and POLE4 in non-small cell lung cancer cells and their effect on cells proliferation, migration and invasion. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of miR-7-5p and POLE4 mRNA in NSCLC tissues, adjacent tissues, tumor cells and human normal bronchial epithelial cells. Luciferase reporter gene was used for analyzing of the targeting relation between POLE4 and miR-7-5p in NSCLC cells. si-NC and si-POLE4 were transfected into SPC-A-1 cells as the si-NC group and si-POLE4 group, and the control group was set at the same time. MTT method, scratch test and Transwell test were used to detect cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Results The expression levels of miR-7-5p in NSCLC tissues and cells were reduced, and the expression levels of POLE4 were increased. miR-7-5p could target to combine with POLE4. After 72 hours of culture, the OD value in si-POLE4 group was significantly lower than those in the control group and si-NC group (P < 0.05). The migration rate and the number of transmembrane cells in the si-POLE4 group cultured for 48 hours were lower than those in the control group and the si-NC group (P < 0.05). Conclusion miR-7-5p may inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting POLE4.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and cardiovascular risk factors of silent brain infarct (SBI) in Shunyi Cohort.Methods This study was based on the population based Shunyi Study in China.One thousand and twenty-seven stroke-free participants older than 35 years,who completed cerebral MRI,were included.Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by interview,physical examination and blood sample tests.SBI was evaluated on 3D-T1WI,T2WI and FLAIR sequences.Associations between risk factors and SBI were analyzed by Logistic regression and adjusted for age,sex,and relevant confounders.Results One thousand and twenty-seven participants,aged (55.9 ± 9.4) years,37.7％ male,were assessed.One hundred sixty-four participants(16.0％) had SBI on MRI.The prevalence of SBI increased by age (every 10 years,OR=2.12,95％ CI 1.74-2.58,P＜0.01).Hypertension(OR =2.67,95％ CI 1.77-4.04,P＜0.01),diabetes(OR=2.48,95％ CI 1.64-3.76,P＜0.01) and smoking(OR=1.98,95％ CI 1.08-3.62,P =0.028) were significantly associated with SBI.Conclusions The prevalence of SBI in this Chinese population is 16.0％,which increases with age.Hypertension,diabetes and smoking are associated with SBI.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect and safety of surgical treatment for severe, refractory hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods Patients with severe HC, who were admitted to Peking University Institute of Hematology from January 2010 to December 2015, were enrolled in this study.All patients were refractory to medical managements and received bladder surgery including mucous electrocoagulation and/or selective transcatheter arterial embolization.Results A total of 17 patients with severe HC (grade Ⅲ, n=5;grade Ⅳ, n=12) received surgical treatment, including 11 embolization and 18 mucous electrocoagulation.The median time from allo-HSCT to surgery was 107 d (46-179 d) and 75 d after HC.Eight patients only received embolization.Four patients only received mucous electrocoagulation.Five patients were given combined embolization and electrocoagulation.HC was cured in 11 patients, improved in 1 patient, which corresponded to a response rate of 70.6% and complete remission rate of 64.7%.Five patients didn′t respond to these methods.In patients with response, macroscopic hematuria disappeared 3 to 10 days after treatments whereas microscopic hematuria vanished after 25 to 32 days.Both procedures were well tolerated and no severe adverse effects were observed.Conclusion Surgery of bladder mucous electrocoagulation and/or selective arterial embolization are safe and effective for severe HC.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of STOML-2 overexpression on apoptosis of human cervical squamous carcinoma Siha cells.

METHODSSiha cells were transfected with an adenoviral vector carrying STOML-2, and 72 h later STOML-2 expression and the proliferation of the cells were detected by Western blotting and MTT assay. The transfected cells were treated with IC50 Cisplatin for 24 h, and the morphological changes of cells were observed using fluorescence, and the cell apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytomerty; the expression levels of proteins related with mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, including caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome C (Cyt C), were detected by Western blotting.

RESULTSWestern blotting showed a significantly increased STOML-2 expression in the transfected cells. Overexpression of STOML-2 obviously promoted the proliferation of Siha cells. The STOML-2-overexpressing cells exhibited an obvious resistance to IC50 Cisplatin-induced apoptosis as shown by both fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and presented with decreased expressions of cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and cytosol Cyt C and increased expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2, and mitochondrial Cyt C.

CONCLUSIONSOverexpression of STOML-2 can enhance the proliferation of Siha cells by inhibiting cell apoptosis possibly through the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Blood Proteins ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; pharmacology ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism