Objective To dynamically observe and evaluate the position and movement of pelvic floor organs in vaginal delivery primipara with translabial two-dimensional(2D) ultrasound,and to provide the imaging basis for the effects of pregnancy and vaginal delivery on the pelvic floor support structures.Methods Translabial 2D ultrasound was performed on 52 vaginal delivery postpartum women (postpartum group) and 43 normal women as control group to observe the position and movement of pelvic floor organs at rest,on pelvic muscle contraction and during maximum Valsalva maneuver.Results The location of urethrovesical junction and cervix were significantly lower in postpartum group compared with the control group at three stages.The movement of urethrovesical junction and cervix in vertical direction was greater in postpartum group than control group during maximum Valsalva maneuver,while was smaller on pelvic floor contraction.Conclusions Translabial 2D ultrasound could dynamically observe and evaluate the position and movement of pelvic floor organs.Pregnancy and vaginal delivery produce certain effect on pelvic floor support structures,which manifest as weak,defective and dysfunction.The impact was more obvious in anterior and middle compartments.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of translabial two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound for female anterior pelvic floor dysfunction,and to discuss the ultrasound appearance of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction.Methods Translabial 2D ultrasound was performed on 63 patients who were diagnosed or suspected with anterior pelvic floor dysfunction using pelvic organ prolapse quantitation system,the position and mobility of bladder neck,the retrovesical angle and urethral rotation were measured during maximum Valsalva maneuver.Different types of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction diseases were diagnosed according to the ultrasound findings.Results Translabial 2D ultrasound diagnose different types of anterior pelvic floor dysfunction diseases based on the position and mobility of bladder neck,retrovesical angle and urethral rotation,including 15 cases bladder neck hypermobility,9 cases funneling of the bladder neck and 37 cases cystocele.Conclusions Translabial 2D ultrasound could provide useful information of anterior pelvic floor and is of great value in the diagnosis of female anterior pelvic floor dysfunction.

ObjectiveTo observe the morphology and structure of the urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women using transperineal three-dimensional (3D) pelvic floor ultrasonography.Methods Twenty five nulliparas and fifty late pregnancy women were examined by transperineal 3D pelvic floor ultrasonography.The images of urogenital hiatus were obtained and compared to study their differences between nulliparas and late pregnancy women.Results Compared to nulliparas,urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women tended to be circular and with an offset position.The puborectalis were bended and could be avulsed.Pelvic floor connective tissue could be loose.The morphology of vaginal might be abnormal and pelvic organ might prolapsed slightly.ConclusionsThe morphology and structure of urogenital hiatus in late pregnancy women are different to those in nulliparas,the hiatus tend to be slackness.3D pelvic floor ultrasonography is an effective imaging method to observe the morphology and structure of urogenital hiatus in pregnancy women.

Objective To assess the contractility of levator ani muscle in postpartum female using pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasound and to provide an effective imaging basis for the change of levator ani muscle contractility in postpartum female.Methods Totally 75 postpartum women (55 underwent spontaneous vaginal delivery and 20 underwent selective cesarean delivery) and 40 nulliparas were examined by pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasound.The images were obtained at rest and at maximal levator ani muscle contraction.The sagittal hiatal length (L) on the two-dimensional sagittal images,the area of levator hiatus (A) and the circumference of levator hiatus (C) were measured on the three-dimensional images,and the difference value between rest and contraction were calculated to get the △L,△A,△C.Then the △L,△A,△C between different groups were compared.Results The △L,△A,△C in spontaneous vaginal delivery group and selective cesarean delivery group were smaller than those in nulliparas group (P ＜0.05),and there was no statistical difference between spontaneous vaginal delivery and selective cesarean delivery group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Three-dimensional ultrasound can effectively assess the the contractility of levator ani muscle,the levator ani muscle contractility of postpartum female was poorer than nulliparas,and between spontaneous vaginal delivery and selective cesarean delivery women there is no obvious difference.

Objective To study the change of levator urethra gap(LUG) in postpartum female using pelvic floor three-dimensional ultrasonography.Methods Totally 80 postpartum women and 30 nulliparas were examined by three-dimensional pelvic floor ultrasonography.The images were obtained at maximal pelvic floor muscle contraction,and then the morphology of puborectalis muscle on tomographic ultrasound imaging were observed and the right LUG and left LUG were measured.Results The puborectalis was intact in all nulliparas and 69 postpartum women.The puborectalis avulsion was find in 11 postpartum women.The LUG of postpartum group was greater than that of nullipara group (P ＜0.05).In postpartum group,the LUG of puborectalis avulsion was greater than that of intact puborectalis(P ＜0.05).There was no difference between the right LUG and left LUG in nullipara group and in the postpartum women with intact puborectalis (P ＞ 0.05).ConcIusions LUG is a good imaging parameter to evaluate the levator avulsion in postpartum women.

Objective To evaluate the changes of levator ani muscle contractility in different postpartum periods by observing the contractility of postpartum women's levator ani muscle.Methods Forty-six postpartum women and 43 nulliparous women were included in the object.All of those went through translabial pelvic floor ultrasound examinations.Images of their levator hiatus would be recorded at the conditions of rest and contraction.The hiatal length (L)and the area (A)of levator hiatus were measured,then the differences were obtained between rest and contraction conditions,recording as ΔL andΔA.Relevant data were analyzed.Results There was no obvious statistical difference of L and A between the groups (P >0.05).The ΔL and ΔA of the 6-8 weeks were the minimum in this objective(P <0.05). However,there was no statistical difference between nulliparous women and the postpartum 6-8 month's women(P >0.05).Conclusions After delivery,the contractility of levator ani muscle became weaker,but could recovery effectively after about half a year.

The occurrence, development and outcome of most diseases are a complex process. It is the advantage of traditional Chinese medicine to establish complex interventions that are consistent with the characteristics of disease development. The specific steps are as follows: quantitative research on literature research, establishment of interview framework; focus on interviews, specificization of interview outlines; semi-structured interviews, preliminary construction of complex intervention programs; evaluation of efficacy of complex interventions. The introduction of semi-structured interviews and other qualitative research methods into the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, combined with quantitative methods such as text analysis and data mining, is also helpful in formulating the standard of diagnosis and treatment system with Chinese characteristics.

The prevalence of human and animal listeriosis for nearly 11 years in China was investigated in this study . The literature information about listeriosis in China from 2002 to 2012 was collected through retrieval system to make clinical and epidemiological statistical analysis of listeriosis .Cases of listeriosis were reported in 27 (79% ) provinces of China .The re-sult showed that animal listeriosis was reported for 123 times ,among these reports ,most were from pigs (39% ) ,and the sheep was in second place .Central nervous system infection was the main clinical manifestation of listeriosis in animals (72% ) . For human listeriosis ,84 clinical cases of listeriosis were reported ,including 35% cases in non-perinatal stage and 65% cases in perinatal stage .The main clinical manifestation of listeriosis was septicemia (51% ) .According to the result of investigation about listeriosis based on literatures information ,Listeriamonocytogenes caused humans and animals listeriosis annually ,which were reported in most provinces of China .The epidemic characteristics for listeriosis suggested that it was essential to strength-en the prevention and control of listeriosis .

Objective: To establish the functional models based on various shapes of bone defects in isolated cleft palate patients and to classify the bone defects of the cleft palate cases using different functional curves. Methods: Tracking back from January 2018 to December 2018, 143 patients with cleft palate (Veau Ⅰ & Ⅱ) treated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, were included (age of 7 months to 25 years, average age 1.6 years, median age 1.0 year, the male to female ratio was 0.57∶1).The pre-operative (CT) data sets were reconstructed into a three dimensional model to produce a direct image of the cleft palate. According to the shapes of the bone defect, cleft palate cases were divided into three types, i.e."儿" shape, inverted "V" shape and inverted "U" shape, and then the cases were assessed and reviewed by five examiners independently. Using Microsoft Excel software, the curves of the bone defect were placed in the coordinate system for mathematical modeling, including exponential function (y=ae^bx), linear function (y=ax+b) and logarithm function (y=alnx+b). The function of the maximum fit R² value was used as the final fit curve. Statistical analysis was performed in four aspects: ① The reliability and feasibility of the curve fitting of the functions; ② The calculation of the composition ratio of the types of bone defect; ③Analyzing the correspondence between the subjective judgment results and fitting function curves; ④ The R² values of three types of functional curves homologous to different morphological types, and the data were tested by variance analysis and P values were shown. Results: Among the 143 patients with cleft palate, the "儿" shaped defect accounted for 18% (26/143), the inverted "V" shaped defect accounted for 31% (44/143), and the inverted "U" shaped defect accounted for 51% (73/143). The coincidence rate of the "儿" shaped defect with the exponential function (y=ae^bx) was 96%, the coincidence rate of the inverted "V" shaped defect with the linear function (y=ax+b) was 82%, and the coincidence rate of the inverted "U" shaped defect with the logarithmic function (y=alnx+b) was 93%. The differences in R² values amongst the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions The shapes of bone defects of the incomplete cleft palate can be described by functional curve models which include exponential, linear and logarithmic functions and can be used to classify and lay the foundation for digital classification of cleft lip and palate cases.

Objective To observe the value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(2D-STI)for evaluating right ventricular(RV)synchrony of early stage systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods Totally 60 SLE patients(SLE group)and 65 healthy subjects(control group)who underwent echocardiography were retrospectively enrolled.The general data,conventional ultrasonic parameters,strain parameters based on 2D-STI and synchrony parameters based on 2D-STI were compared between groups.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlations of general information,conventional ultrasonic parameters and strain parameters with synchrony parameters in SLE group.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the independent impact factors of RV synchrony of early stage SLE.Results No significant difference of general data nor conventional ultrasound parameters was found between groups(all P＞0.05).Strain parameters in SLE group were all lower,whereas synchrony parameters in SLE group were all higher than those in control group(all P＜0.05).In SLE group,synchrony parameters of RV(standard deviation of time to peak strain of global[SD-TPSglobal],of free wall[SD-TPSfree]and of interventricular septum[SD-TPSseptal])were positively and weakly correlated with both SLE duration and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index(SLEDAI)(| r | 0.256-0.273,all P＜0.05),but slightly and negatively correlated with global longitudinal strain(GLS)of RV(| r | 0.435-0.488,all P＜0.05).GLS of RV was the independent impact factor of synchrony parameters of early stage SLE(P＜0.05).Conclusion 2D-STI could be used to evaluate synchrony of RV in early stage SLE through measuring GLS of RV.