Objective To study the status of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) of environmental health among urban and rural residents and the influencing factors. Methods Totally,4 607 urban and rural residents from Lanzhou,Taiyuan,Shanghai and Qingdao were recruited and investigated by the self-designed questionnaire from July 3rd to August 10th 2007. In the questionnaire,a certain number of related questions were designed mainly on environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice. The datas were analyzed with SPSS13.0 software. Results The average scores of environmental health knowledge,attitude and practice of urban and rural residents were 4.14?1.30,4.88?0.85 and 4.05?1.11 respectively. The main influencing factors of environmental health knowledge were education background (?=0.220,P

The continuing education system at the Peking University Health Science Center for vis-iting scholars (Research program for young and middle-aged doctors) is a relatively advanced and compre-hensive medical continuing education system in China, among which, the tutorial system is a good method to guide the visiting scholars of continuing education. On this basis we conducted scholars learning effect questionnaire survey and combined with the feedback results, discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the current educational system of visiting scholars in China, and put forward some concrete suggestions on the development of the continuing education in China.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of labeling mice spleen lymphocytes with superparamagnetic iron oxide(SPIO)and in vitro MR imaging of the labeled cells.Methods Spleen lymphocytes of 5 mice were isolated and then labeled with SPIO of 100,50,25,15,10,5 μg/ml,which was previously prepared with PLL.Prussian blue staining was performed to show the intracellular iron.Cell viability was compared among fresh,labeled and unlabeled cells.Different concentrations of mice spleen lymphocytes were screened using 3.0 T MR on T2WI,T2 * WI and SWI sequences in vitro.Cell viability was compared using independent-sample t test between groups.The MRI values among different groups were compared using one-way ANOVA.Results SPIO prepared with PLL could successfully label mice spleen lymphocytes,the optimum concentration of SPIO was 5 μg/ml.The Prussian blue staining showed intracellular blue spots and a labeling efficiency of(93.6 ± 2.1)％.Three groups of fresh,labeled and unlabeled cells showed a Trypan blue staining result of(94.8 ± 3.1)％,(88.7 ± 2.7)％,and(88.9 ±3.2)％,respectively; no statistically significant difference was found in cell viability between labeled and unlabeled lymphocytes(t =0.281,P ＞ 0.05); however,the cell viability of fresh cells were statistically significant higher than the labeled and unlabeled lymphocytes(t =8.125 and 7.253 respectively,P ＜0.05for all).Among the T2 WI,T2 * WI and SWI sequences under the same concentrations of cells,the SWI sequence was the most sensitive.Conclusions The mice spleen lymphocytes can be effectively labeled with SPIO with no impact on cell viability,and MR can be used to track these labeled cells in vitro.The SWI sequence is the most sensitive.

Objective:To retrospectively analyze the clinical data of the patients with reoperation for cervical myelopathy due to progressing ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments,with previous open-door expansive laminoplasty,and to evaluate the outcomes.Methods:From May 2006 to July 2012,a retrospective study was performed on a consecutive series of 17 patients with previous open-door expansive laminoplasty,who had received the reoperation for cervical myelopathy due to progressing ossi-fication of the posterior longitudinal ligaments.The reoperation was performed based on the clinical mani-festations and segments of responsibility.The anterior approaches were performed in 12 cases,and the posterior approaches in 5 cases.The correlation between the clinical factors and Japanese Orthopedic As-sociation (JOA)scores or the JOA recovery rate was evaluated by Pearson or Spearman correlation test. The pre-and post-operative JOA scores were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and the JOA recovery rates were compared with paired t test.Results:The mean follow-up was 137.5 months (range 60-348 months).There were no serious complications after surgical procedures.There was one case that had C5 palsy in the first operation and had recovery after one week.Another case had C5 palsy in the reoperation with posterior approach,which had recovery at the end of 6 months post-operation.Three cases had the cerebrospinal fluid leakage of the reoperation,with two cases in the anterior approaches and one case in the posterior approach.There was no significant correlation between the clinical variables and JOA scores or JOA recovery rates.The JOA scores of the patients in the first operation were improved from 9.4 ±4.1 to 12.8 ±2.8 (P<0.01),and the JOA recovery rate was 45.6%.The JOA scores of the reoperation were improved from 10.2 ±2.8 to 12.7 ±2.4 (P<0.05)at the end of 6 months and 14.3 ±1.9 (P<0.01)by the last follow-up.There were significant differences between the JOA recovery rates by the last follow-up (63 .2%)and at the end of 6 months (39 .3%)of the reoperation or 45 .6%of the first opera-tion (P<0.01).Conclusion:The reoperation for cervical myelopathy duo to progressing ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments can significantly promote the recovery of the spinal cord,based on the clinical manifestations combined with segments of responsibility of the imaging.

Objective To understand the situation of undergraduates' quality of life and analyze the influence factors in order to offer basis for improving personnel training mode of public health department in Wuhan University. Methods Questionnaire survey has been conducted among all undergraduates of public health department in Wuhan University. The questionnaire includes the level of internationalization, compound and practice innovation activities. At the same time, students' quality of life has been investigated using the WHOQOL-BREF. SPSS13.0 has been used to make statistical analysis. Scores between groups has been compared utilizing t test, analysis of variance has been made and influence factors has been ana-lyzed utilizing multiple linear regression. Results The average of the undergraduate graduates' quality of life total score is(3.54±0.77),with a scoring rate of 70.9%. The dimension with the highest scoring rate is social relations, and its scoring rate is 75.1%. The dimension with the lowest scoring rate is environment, with scoring rate 65.9%. Compared with the norm, the scores of the overall quality of life, physical health, social relations and environment are all above the norm(P<0.05). The result of multiple linear regression indicates that female(t=-2.338, P=0.020), students from high income family(t=3.512, P=0.001) and students with a high degree of practice innovation activity participation(t=3.515, P=0.001) have a high quality of life. Conclusion The students' quality of life from school of public health, Wuhan University is slightly higher than the general population. The quality of life is influenced significantly by part of cultivating ways. There is a need which personnel training mode is innovated in order to improve the quality of cultivation.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the roles of protease-activated receptors (PARs) in thrombin-induced brain injury and neurogenesis in rats.

METHODSNinety male SD rats were randomly assigned to receive intra-hippocampus injection of NS, thrombin or specific agonists of 3 protease-activated receptors (PAR-1, PAR-3 and PAR-4), respectively. At 1,3 and 7 d after injection, the area of the hippocampus was determined with HE staining, the density and morphology of astrocyte were detected with GFAP staining, degenerated neurons were detected with Fluoro-Jade C staining, and the neurogenesis was examined with DCX staining.

RESULTSCompared to NS injection, the area of the hippocampus significantly increased at 1-3 d and decreased at 7 d after the injection of thrombin and PAR-1 agonist (P<0.05). In addition, injection of thrombin and PAR-1 agonist significantly increased the density of astrocyte and Fluoro-Jade C positive cells at 1-7 d after injection (P<0.05), and significantly increased the density of DCX positive cells at 3-7 d after injection(P<0.05). The injection of PAR-3 agonist and PAR-4 agonist had no affect on the area of the hippocampus, the density of astrocyte, Fluoro-Jade C positive cells and DCX positive cells.

CONCLUSIONThe activation of protease-activated receptor-1 may be related to the thrombin-induced brain injury and neurogenesis in rat hippocampus.

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Hippocampus ; pathology ; Male ; Neurogenesis ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, PAR-1 ; agonists ; physiology ; Receptors, Thrombin ; agonists ; Thrombin ; toxicity

Carcinoma ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Skull Base ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node ; diagnosis

Objective To investigate the effect of overexpression of P2X4 gene on cell apoptosis in 6-OHDA (6-hydroxydopamine, 6-OHDA) induced PD rat model. Methods One hundred twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: 6-OHDA group, control group, objective RNA-P2X4 + 6-OHDA group, target gene RNA-P2X4 group, P2X4-NC + 6-OHDA group and negative virus P2X4-NC only group. Lentivirus or negative virus carrying the target gene and or 6-OHDA or the same amount of physiological saline were injected into the left substantia nigra of rats according to the groups. The number of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra was measured by immunofluorescence method.The expression levels of P2X4R,caspase-1 and NLRP3 in substantia nigra were detected by Western blot assay. Results Compared with P2X4-NC + 6-OHDA group, the expression of protein P2X4R (1.099 ± 0.05569 vs. 0.7821 ± 0.02008, P=0.0003 ), NLRP3 (0.9875 ± 0.01932 vs. 0.6645 ± 0.01747. P<0.0001), caspase-1 (0.9948 ± 0.01788 vs. 0.8276 ± 0.04543, P<0.0001) increased significantly in RNA-P2X4+6-OHDA group. Conclusion overexpression of P2X4 gene can increase the expression of NLPR3 and caspase-1 protein and promote apoptosis in PD rats.

Objective:To develop a role model education intervention model for male nursing students, and to explore the effect of role model education on male nursing students′ professional identity and positive psychological capital.Methods:A total of 60 male nursing freshmen were recruited and randomly assigned to the control group (n=30) and the experimental group (n=30) according to a 1:1 ratio. The control group only accepted the school′s routine teaching tasks and other campus activities. The experimental group received 6-week model education intervention on the basis of the control group once a week. Nursing students′ Professional Identity Questionnaire and Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used for assessment at the time of enrollment and after intervention.Results:Male nursing students' professional identity (50.25±11.19) and positive psychological capital (114.68±29.08) were generally not high. After intervention, the scores of occupational self-concept, retention benefits and resignation risks, social persuasiveness and total score in the experimental group were 22.64±5.19,14.29±2.69,8.00±1.89,64.18±12.15, higher than those of the control group (20.07±3.16, 12.93±1.76, 6.86±1.24, 57.68±6.66), and the difference was statistically significant ( t value was 2.23-2.68, P<0.05). Conclusions:Role model education intervention has a good effect in promoting professional identity and positive psychological capital of male nursing students.

Objective:To investigate the effect of melatonin on the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of ovarian cancer cells.Methods:Ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3 was treated with melatonin,then flow cytometry was used to detect the expression level of PD-L1 on the surface of ovarian cancer cells.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of PD-L1 and LC-3 in ovarian cancer cells after different treatments.After adding autophagy inhibitor Autophinib,flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of ovarian cancer cells,ovarian cancer cells were treated with melatonin or melatonin combined with autophagy inhibi-tors and co-incubated with human T lymphocyte Jurkat.The proportion of ovarian cancer cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.Results:Melatonin treatment significantly reduced expression of PD-L1 on the surface of ovarian cancer cells,promoted autophagy of ovar-ian cancer cells.Autophagy inhibitors reversed down regulation of PD-L1 treated by melatonin,Jurkat cells killed more melatonin treated ovarian cancer cells,and the killing of ovarian cancer cells by Jurkat cells revised by autophagy inhibitors.Conclusion:Mela-tonin can enhance the killing effect of T cells on ovarian cancer cells.