Objective To study the effect and adverse drug reaction (ADR) of Diazepam when used to treat acute alcoholism for establishing its rational use. Methods According to the administration of the drug through different routes, 158 patients admitted from Jan. 2000 to Jan. 2006 were divided into two groups- intramuscular group (i.m., n=91) and intravenous group (i.v., n=67). There was no significant difference in age, sex, amount of liquor taken, time of seeing doctor, and drug dosage between the two groups. The effect and adverse drug reaction (ADR) of Diazepam were statistically analyzed. Results No ADR occurred in i.m. group and the effective rate was 92.31%. Although the effective rate in i.v. group was 100%, 3 patients suffered from cardiac arrest, 2 patients were found to have aspiration and apnea suddenly, and the ratio of ADR was 7.46%. Conclusion It is better to use intramuscular injection rather than intravenous injection in treating acute alcoholism with Diazepam, in order to avoid the serious medical incidents.

Objective Percoll density gradient centrifugation and Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient cen-trifugation, which are frequently-used methods for separation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from solid carcinoma were compared, in order to find an effective way to separate TAMs from colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Furthermore, we studied the best adherence time of separating macrophage among mononuclear cells. Methods specimens were collected from CRC patients , after digesting into single cells , TAMs were separated from the same specimen by 100% Ficoll, 35% percoll and 25% combined with 65% percoll respectively. After these pre-liminary separation, the collected cells were purified a second time by adherence separation. The purity of TAMs were detected by immunofluorescence. Results TAMs purity from Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation was 80.18%, statistically higher than that from Percoll density gradient centrifugations (54.33% and 10.93% re-spectively). Conclusion Compared to Percoll density gradient centrifugation, Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation is a more effective and simple way to isolate TAMs from colorectal carcinoma , suggesting it can be wildly used in clinical and basic medical research. 2-4 hours is the best adherence time for isolating macrophage.

A c linical study is carried out by the death of acute severe disease and malignant consumptive disease.Results show that the cases of death of acute severe diseases and last salvage are far more than those of malignant consumptive diseases.Moreover,the relations bear more mental pains caused by death of acute severe diseases than by malignant consumptive diseases.

OBJECTIVE　To detect the trace glutaraldehyde in the fluid from venous circuit tube of hemodialysis,a HPLC assay was developed.METHODS　20 mL fluid taken from the venous circuit tube were derived with DNPH for 3 h,then filtered and injected. Chromatography was conducted on C18 column at 29℃.The mobile phase was consisted of 60% CH3N and 40% H3PO4 with the flow rate at 1 mL*min-1, and the detetion wavelength was at 365 nm.RESULTS　The concentrations of glutaraldehyde in the fluid ranged from 14.99 to 37.40 μg.mL-1.CONCLUSION　This HPLC method is simple and accurate to detect the trace glutaraldehyde remained in the fluid from venous circuit tube.

Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Atrial Fibrillation ; therapy ; Catheter Ablation ; Europe ; Humans ; Stroke ; prevention & control

Objective To study the efficacy and safety of four surgical techniques of tuberculosis of lumbosacral junction retrospectively. Methods Between Jul 2001 and Jan 2013, 79 patients with lumbosacral spinal tuberculosis underwent surgery. Antituberculous chemotherapy and nutrition support prior to surgery were used for at least two weeks. 45 patients underwent single stage radical debridement, fusion and anterior instrumentation (A group). 18 patients underwent combined anterior and posterior spinal surgery (AP group), 10 patients underwent transpedicular drainage, posterior instrumentation, and fusion (P group), and 6 patients underwent anterior radical debridement (D group). All the patients were treated by antituberculous chemotherapy for 18 months and followed regularly. The operation duration, blood loss, clinical status, ESR, VAS, ODI, roentgenogram and 3D?CT were concerned to estimate the progress of tuberculosis. Radiographs were analyzed before surgery, immediately after surgery, and at the final follow?up examination to assess the result of anterior fusion and maintenance of correction. Results There was no inju?ry of blood vessel, ureter or cauda equina during surgery. The mean follow?up period was 23 months (range 18-42 months). No obvious loss of deformity correction was observed. There was no recurrence, no tuberculous peritonitis, and no incidence of im?potence or retrograde ejaculation in any of these patients. The average operating duration(min) were 144.31 ± 23.18, 444.72 ± 141.63, 351.50 ± 85.25, 90.00 ± 29.66, respectively; The average blood loss(ml)were 266.67 ± 104.45, 988.99 ± 488.26, 890.00 ± 306.23, 200.00±104.88, respectively; The average Pre?op VAS were 4.71±1.79, 5.22±1.48, 3.30±1.64, 2.50±1.52, respectively;The average last follow?up VAS were 0.89±0.68, 0.90±0.74, 1.00±0.63, respectively; The average Pre?op ODI(%)were 29.64± 7.85, 32.17±7.59, 28.20±4.26, 20.67±4.63, respectively; The average last follow?up ODI(%)were 5.09±3.59, 4.78±3.78, 4.80± 3.39, 4.00 ± 1.18, respectively; The average Pre?op lumbosacral angle(°)were 20.61 ± 4.92, 23.78 ± 5.84, 25.10 ± 4.28, 21.67 ± 4.27, respectively; The average Post?op lumbosacral angle were 27.17±3.66, 30.56±5.31, 32.10±4.01, 24.83±2.32, respectively;The average last follow?up lumbosacral angle were 23.89 ± 3.12, 27.00 ± 5.46, 29.00 ± 4.85, 23.33 ± 2.50, respectively. Conclu?sion Single stage anterior interbody fusion with anterior instrumentation worked effectively to stabilize lumbosacral junction (less invasive, short surgical duration, no injury of posterior column). Anterior interbody fusion combined with posterior instrumentation was recommended for patients with extensive bone defect and low iliocava junction.

Objective To analyse the phenotypes of the drug?resistant tuberculosis, and investigate the outcomes of the individualize surgery and chemotherapy for these patients. Methods From January 2009 to June 2012, we retrospectively ana?lyzed 49 patients with drug?resistant tuberculosis spondylitis admitted in Southwest Hospital. 33 were initial cases and 16 were re?curring cases. All the 49 patients received individualized open operation or CT?guided percutaneous drainage and local chemother?apy depending on the characteristics of the focus. Individualized chemotherapy regimens were tailored for all patients according to the drug?resistant spectrum and all patients were followed up successfully at least 24 months. All the clinical data were collected and analyzed by statistical methods. Results Among the 49 patients, 14 were monoresistance tuberculosis, 11 were polyresis?tance tuberculosis, and 24 cases were multi?drug resistant tuberculosis. Frequence of the drug?restistance from high to low was Iso?niazid, Rifampicin, Streptomycin, Levofloxacin, Dipasic/Rifapentine, Ethambutol, Protionamide, Capreomycin, Paza?aminosalicy?late, and Amikacin. 43 patients received open operation and 6 patients received CT?guided percutaneous drainage and local che?motherapy. Time of the percutaneous drainage was (48±11) days (39-60 days), and all patients received Individualized chemother?apy with an average of (29.5±2.5) months (24-36 months) postoperatively. At the last follow?up, all patients had remarkable pain remission, 44 patients with paraplegia got slight or remarkable recovery and 17 patients with kyphosis got significant correction. Conclusion The main drug?resistant spectrums are Isoniazid、Rifampicin、Streptomycin、Levofloxacin. The individualized sur?gery combined with individualized chemotherapy made according to the drug?resistance is a feasible treatment for the drug?resis?tant tuberculosis especially the multi?drug resistant tuberculosis.

Objective: : To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics and surgical experience of 10 adults with spinal extradural meningeal cysts (SEMCs) in the thoracolumbar spine which may further provide evidence for surgical decision-making. Methods: : Ten adults with SEMCs in the thoracolumbar spine were surgically treated and enrolled in this study. Clinical manifestations, imaging data, intraoperative findings and postoperative outcome were recorded. Results: : Clinical manifestations of SEMCs included motor and sensory dysfunction of the lower limbs and urination and defecation disturbance. The cysts presented as intraspinal occupying lesions dorsal to the spine, ranging from the T8 to L3 level. Defects of eight cases were found on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Selective hemilaminectomy or laminectomy were used to reveal the defect within the cyst, which was further sutured with microscopic technique. The final outcome was excellent or good in seven cases and fair in three cases. No recurrence was observed during follow-up. Conclusion : SEMCs are rare intraspinal cystic lesions. Radiography and MRI are clinically practical methods to assess defects within SEMCs. Selective hemilaminectomy or laminectomy may reduce surgical trauma. Detection and microscopic suturing of the defects are the key steps to adequately decompress the nervous tissue and prevent postoperative recurrence.

As a non-invasive approach, sonogenetics is applied to control neuronal activity. The mechanosensitive channel(MSC), which has low threshold of responding to ultrasound, may be the alternative solution. Sonogenetics is the technique that activates the MSC expressed in targeted neurons by low intensity ultrasound, thus achieve the neuromodulation. In this review, we introduce the mechanosensitive channel of large conductance, transient receptor potential, channels of the two-pore-domain potassium family, Piezo and the recent progress on their application in sonogenetics.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Ion Channels ; metabolism ; Neurons ; Ultrasonic Waves

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of maltol aluminum exposure on miR-193a-3p, demethylase AlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) and protein kinase B (AKT), and whether miR-193a-3p is involved in aluminum-induced cognitive impairment by regulating ALKBH5/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. Methods Specific pathogen-free male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and low-, medium- and high- dose groups according to their body weight, with eight rats in each group. Rats in the low-, medium-, and high- dose groups were intraperitoneally injected with maltol aluminum solution at concentrations of 10.00, 20.00, and 40.00 μmol/kg body weight, respectively, while the rats in control group were given an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Rats were injected for five days every week for three months. After injection, the novel object recognized test was used to assess the learning and memory ability of the rats. The relative expression of miR-193a-3p and B-cell lymphocytoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteine aspartate protease-3 (Caspase-3) mRNA in rat hippocampus was detected using the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relative protein expression of ALKBH5, PTEN, and AKT2 in the rat hippocampus was detected using Western blot. Results The discrimination index and the preference index of the new object recognition test of the rats in high-dose group were lower than those in control group and low-dose group (all P<0.05). The relative expression of miR-193a-3p and Bcl-2 mRNA in the hippocampus of the rats in high-dose group was lower than those in control group and low-dose group (all P<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of Bax in the high-dose group was higher than those in the control group and low-dose group (both P<0.05). The relative mRNA expression of Caspase-3 of the rats in the high-dose group was higher than that in the other three groups (both P<0.05). The relative protein expression of ALKBH5 in the hippocampus of the rats in the high-dose group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The relative expression of PTEN protein was higher than those in the control group and low-dose group (both P<0.05). The relative protein expression of AKT2 was lower than those in the control group and low-dose group (both P<0.05). Conclusion Sub-chronic aluminum exposure can inhibit the expression of miR-193a-3p in the hippocampus of rats, which may disrupt the ALKBH5/PTEN/AKT pathway and affect normal neuronal homeostasis and cellular function. This pathway may play an important role in aluminum-induced cognitive impairment.