Objective To investigate the iodine nutritional status of children aged 8 to 10 in both costal and non-costal areas of Rizhao city Shandong province,and provide a basis for scientific supplementation of iodine.Methods In 2009 and 2010,townships of Lanshan and Donggang were chosen as survey points which situated close to the coast,the counties of Wulian and Juxian that were more than 50 kilometers away from the coast were selected as controls.The iodine concentration of drinking water in every village and water supply point was determined.At the county level,5 to 9 towns were selected according to their sub-area positions of east,west,south,north and center,4 villages were selected in each chosen township,8 - 15 households were selected in each chosen village,edible salt from the households was collected; 5 primary schools were selected in each chosen township,60 students aged 8 - 10 were selected to take thyroid examination in each chosen school.Twenty copies of urine samples were collected from the 60 students to detect the iodine concentration.Iodine in drinking water was tested by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometry,in iodized salt by direct titration,in urine by arsenic-cerium contact method,and thyroids were examined by palpation.Results Totally 3483 copies of drinking water samples,1164 copies of edible salt samples,and 476 copies of urine samples were tested,and a total of 1200 children aged 8 to 10 were investigated; and the ratio of water iodine frequency distribution ≤ 10 μg/L (in costal and non-costal area) accounted for 90.03％ ( 1011/1123 ) and 91.10％ (2150/2360),respectively,the medians of water iodine were 5.6 and 4.2 μg/L,respectively; the iodine medians of edible salt were 29.03 and 29.99 mg/kg,respectively; the consumption rates of qualified iodized salt were 96.77％ (569/588) and 97.05％ (559/576),respectively; total goiter rates were 1.17％(7/600) and 1.33％(8/600),respectively; the medians of urinary iodine were 144.05 and 159.15 μg/L,respectively; the percentages of urinary iodine that bellow 100 μg/L were 26.58％ (63/237) and 22.59％ (54/239),respectively; between 100 - 300 μg/L were 66.75％ (158/237) and 64.02％ (153/239),respectively;above 300μg/L were 6.75％ (16/237)and13.39％ (32/239),respectively.ConclusionsThe costal of Rizhao is an iodine deficient area.The current popularity of household's consumption of qualified iodized salt is suitable.The levels of iodine nutrition of children aged 8 to 10 is appropriate,which met the national standard of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).There is no iodine excess.There are no significant differences in levels of iodine nutrition between costal and non-costal areas on the premise that the same iodized salt is supplied in both the areas,and there is no need to make differentiated supply of iodized salt.

Objective To investigate the effect of Janus kinase2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (JAK2/STAT1) signaling pathway on acute kidney injury induced by liver cold ischemia reperfusion (IR) in rats.Methods Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 220-250 g,were assigned randomly to 3 groups (n =10/group):sham operation group (Sham group);liver cold ischemia reperfusion model group (I/R group);JAK2 kinase inhibitor AG490 group (AG490 group) (AG490 at dose of 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before establishment of the model).Other groups were given the equal volume of normal saline at the same time points.Then the rats were sacrificed at 6 h after reperfusion (at 6 h after the end of operation in Sham group).The renal function and oxidative stress level were observed.The pathological changes of the renal tissues and nephritic cell apoptosis were analyzed,and the expression of p-JAK2,pSTAT1,Bcl-2 and Bax was detected by Western blotting.Results As compared with Sham operation group,renal histological lesion and renal dysfunction were aggravated,level of oxidative stress and apoptosis rate were increased in I/R group,the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was decreased and the expression of pJAK2 and p-STAT1 was up-regulated.As compared with I/R group,AG490 dramatically attenuated histological lesions and oxidative stress,restored the renal function,and reduced the number of apoptotic tubular epithelial cells.AG490 significantly increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio,and inhibited the expression of p-JAK2 and p-STAT1.Conclusion Blockage of JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway can alleviate acute kidney injury after liver cold ischemia reperfusion probable through inhibiting the oxidative stress and apoptosis.

?AIM: To evaluate the effects on recovering of corneal wound and postoperative discomfort of different methods for primary pterygium.?METHODS: Forty-seven cases ( 60 eyes ) of primary pterygium were excised under microscope with limbal epithelial transplantation, with sharp dissection ( 24 cases, 30 eyes, Group A) and blunt dissection (23 cases, 30 eyes, Group B).All cases were followed up for 1d to 1mo.?RESULTS: The recovering of corneal wound was better in Group B on 1st day and 3rd day after surgery.Pain, photophobia and tears, foreign body sensation were more serious in group A on 1st day after surgery with a statistically significant difference (P=0.005,0.015,0.012). Pain, photophobia and tears, foreign body sensation were more serious in Group A on 3rd day after surgery with a statistically significant difference ( P=0.019,0.018, 0.015).There was no statistically significant difference on 1wk and 1mo after surgery (P>0.05).? CONCLUSION: Compared with sharp dissection, primary pterygium excised with blunt dissection can significantly improve recovering of corneal wound and postoperative discomfort.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative brain injury in pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation.Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅲ or Ⅳ pediatric patients of both sexes,aged 5-12 months,weighing 5-10 kg,were divided into dexmedetomidine group (group D,n =20) and control group (group C,n =20) using a random number table.After induction of anesthesia,dexmedetomidine was infused in a loading dose of 1 μg/kg for 10 min followed by a continuous infusion of 0.3 μg · kg-1 · h-1 in group D.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.Immediately before skin incision (T1),at 30 min of anhepatic phase (T2),at 1 h of neohepatic phase (T3),immediately after peritoneum closure (T4) and at 24 h after operation (T5),the blood samples were collected from the central vein to detect the concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100β protein in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Postoperative delirium was assessed at 1 day after surgery using Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale.At 1 day before surgery and 1 week after surgery,the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index were recorded using Bayley Scale of Infant Development Ⅱ.Results The concentrations of serum NSE and S-100β protein were significantly higher at T2-5 than at T1 in the two groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group C,the concentrations of serum NSE and S-100β protein were significantly decreased at T2.5,and the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale score and incidence of delirium were decreased after surgery in group D (P＜0.05).The MDI and Psychomotor Development Index were significantly lower at 1 week after surgery than at l day before surgery in the two groups (P＜0.05).The MDI was significantly higher at 1 week after surgery in group D than in group C (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can reduce postoperative brain injury in pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation.

Background: Creatine transporter (CRTR) deficiency is the most common creatine deficiency syndrome, of which the final diagnosis relies on mutation in the X-linked CRTR gene. To date, more than 90 mutations in the SLC6A8 gene have been reported. This paper discusses a novel mutation detected via the thorough sequencing of all the X-chromosome-specific exons investigated in a four and a half year old boy with an intellectual disability, speech and language delay and motor disturbance. Methods: A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) were carried out, the creatine and creatinine concentrations in the urine were checked and all exons were sequenced. Results: A detailed clinical investigation revealed a reduction in the cerebral creatine levels in the brain by the MRS, elevated creatine and creatinine concentrations in the urine and signal abnormalities in the left frontal cortex of the brain by the MRI. A novel change was identified in the heterozygosity of the exon 10: c.1395-c.1401 deletion. Conclusion: The use of a combination of powerful new technologies, such as thorough exome-nextgeneration sequencing and a brain MRS, should be considered, in order to determine any neurometabolic diseases, especially when the signal abnormalities in the brain MRI cannot be explained by any other factors. This mutation results most likely in a dysfunction of the creatine transport and synthesis, hence causing central nervous system symptoms.
Carrier Proteins

Objective To compare surgical hybrid procedures (open thromboembolectomy/bypass,transluminal angioplasty/stenting) and endovascular hybrid procedures (percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy,catheter-directed intra-arterial thrombolysis,transluminal angioplasty/stenting) in patients with acute lower limb ischemia.Methods From June 2011 to June 2012,the clinical data and the six month follow-up data of patients with acute (less than 14 days) lower limb ischemia were collected and analyzed,who have underwent the endovascular modality hybrid procedures (endovascular modality group)or surgery modality of hybrid procedures (surgery modality group).The combined incidence of perioperative (30 days) death (POD) and major adverse limb event (MALE,include amputation or major intervention again) was defined as the primary end-point,and the secondary efficacy end-point was major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) consisted of myocardial infarction,stroke and death from any cause.Results There were 105 and 95 cases respectively in the endovascular modality group and the surgery modality group.96 patients (99.0％) in the surgery modality group and 97 patients (92.4％) in the endovascular modality group were successfully completed with vascular reconstruction.The incidence of the primary end-point (combined POD and MALE) in the surgery modality group (7.2％) was significantly less than the endovascular modality group (17.1％).Hemorrhagic complications occurred more in the endovascular modality group (6.7％) than the surgery modality group (0％).The surgery modality group had more postoperative pulmonary complications (9.3％) than the endovascular modality group (1.0％).Conclusions Surgical hybrid procedures offer better immediate and mid-term results for patients with acute lower limb ischemia.

This study aims to construct a eukaryotic expression system for envelope gene of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, observes its localization in 293T cells, and investigates the potential in inducing malignant transformation of NIH3T3 cells. By RT-PCR, the full-length cDNA of envelope gene of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (exJSRV-env) was amplified from the extract of naturally infected sheep lung. The clone of target gene was sub-cloned into eukaryotic expression system pEGFP-C1, and validated by PCR, restriction endonuclease, and sequencing. Bioinformatic analysis concerning biological function and cellular localiza tion of exJSRV-env was also performed. The recombinant clone of exJSRV-env was transfected into 293T cells and NIH3T3 cells by Lipofectamine LTX. The expression and celluar localization in 293T cells were validated by confocal microscopy. Soft agar colony formation assay was employed to test the anchorage-independent growth of NIH3T3. DNA sequencing and restriction enzyme digestion with Kpn I and Hind III indicated the correct construction of the recombinant plasmid, which was named pEGFP-C1/exJSRV-env. Amino acid sequence alignment of exJSRV-env with reference sequences found 85%-100% homogeneity. A YRNM motif was discovered at the cytoplasmic tail of envelope gene, which is exclusively found in exogenous viruses. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that our clone of exJSRV-env clustered closely with pathogenic exogenous Jaagsiekte sheep retroviruses. Fluorescence microscopy indicated typical membrane localization of exJSRV-env protein. NIH3T3 cells transfected with exJSRV-env lost contact inhibition, and acquired colony forming ability in soft agar. This study indicated that envelope protein of Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus can induce malignant transformation of mouse fibroblast cell NIH3T3. Discoveries of this study provide a basis for further structural and functional research on Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus envelope protein.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Betaretrovirus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Cell Transformation, Viral ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Phylogeny ; Retroviridae Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases ; virology ; Transformation, Genetic ; Tumor Virus Infections ; veterinary ; virology ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Carcinoid Tumor ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery

Objective To discuss the value of echocardiography for the assessment of structure and function of right heart in normal Chinese adults Methods The structure and function of right heart was assessed by echocardiography according to 2010 guideline of American Society of Echocardiography (ASE). The echocardiographic data of right heart of 130 normal Chinese adults were analyzed to acquire the normal reference values of echocardiographic parameters and evaluate the differences of these results among different age groups. Results There were significant differences among different age groups for some of the parameters. Right atrium (RA) transverse diameter was greater in the middle-aged group than that in the young-aged group [(36.90±5.10) mm vs (33.90±5.20) mm, t=-2.79, P=0.006]. RA longitudinal diameter (RAL) and RA area (RAA) were smaller in the young-aged group than those in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(40.10±5.10) mm vs (42.90±5.10) mm, (43.40±5.60) mm, t=-2.51 and-2.91, P=0.013 and 0.004;(11.90±3.20) mm2 vs (13.40±2.90) mm2, (13.90±3.60) mm2, t=-2.24 and-2.90, P=0.027 and 0.004]. Parasternal long-axis right ventricule outflow tract (PLAX RVOT), parasternal short-axis right ventricule outflow tract (PSAX RVOT) and pulmonary artery diameter (PAD) were smaller in the young-aged group than those in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(24.20±3.00) mm vs (26.20±2.30) mm, (25.90±2.90) mm, t=-2.80 and-2.32, P=0.006 and 0.022;(24.70±3.00) mm vs (27.20±2.50) mm, (26.90±2.60) mm, t=-4.40 and -3.84, P=0.000 and 0.000; (20.60±2.00) mm vs (22.10±2.70) mm, (21.90±2.10) mm, t=-3.12 and-2.67, P=0.002 and 0.008]. RV lateral wall thickness was smaller in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(5.10±0.60) mm vs (5.60±0.60) mm, (5.40±0.70) mm, t=-3.12 and-2.22, P=0.02 and 0.028];DTI e wave was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(14.90±3.70) cm/s vs (10.90±3.10) cm/s, (11.10±2.60) cm/s, t=5.82 and 5.49, P=0.000 and 0.000]. DTI a wave was smaller in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(12.50±3.90) cm/s vs (14.60±3.70) cm/s, (16.60±3.60) cm/s, t=-2.79 and -5.04, P=0.007 and 0.000] and DTI a wave was smaller in the middle-aged group than that in the old-aged group (t=-2.26, P=0.02). Tricuspid E wave was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups [(0.61±0.11) m/s vs (0.51±0.11) m/s, (0.48±0.08) m/s, t=4.58 and 5.44, P=0.000 and 0.000]. E/A was greater in the young-aged group than that in the middle-aged and old-aged groups (1.45±0.30 vs 1.12±0.33, 1.10±0.27, t=4.58 and 5.44, P=0.000 and 0.000). No significant differences were found among different age groups in RV systolic function parameters, whereas a trend of decrease in RV diastolic function was detected. Conclusion Echocardiography can be useful in assessing the structure and function of right heart quantitatively.

Objective To observe the effects of GABA on proliferation, cell cycle and expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990. Methods The effects of different concentration of GABA (0 ～ 320 μmol/L) on proliferation and cell cycle of pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 was investigated by MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results GABA could promote the proliferation of SW1990 cells and influence the distribution of cell cycle, which made less cells of G0/G1 phase and more cells of S and G2/M phase. The value of A570 after GABA pretreatment at a dose of 320 μmol/L was 1. 11 ± 0.03, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (0. 56 ± 0.01, P < 0. 01 ), the cells of G0/G1 phase was (46.18 ± 1.12 )% ,which was significantly lower than (87.29 ± 1.34)% in the control group (P < 0. 01 ) ;the expressions of MMP-2 mRNA, MMP-9 mRNA and their proteins were 8.6, 6.8, 10.5, 8.4, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the groups of the doses of 0 ～ 40 μmol/L ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusions GABA could influence the proliferation and expression of MMP of SW1990 cells.