Qi in TCM is the most essential substance that makes up the body and maintains life activities. All vital substances in the body are transformed by constant motion and changes of qi. Qi in TCM mainly means full of functions. What is the basic material attribute of qi? We don't have a systematic study on it. Therefore, we combined the achievement of modern medicine, and explored further from the origin, functions, pathogeneses, and therapies of mitochondria and qi. Surprisingly, we found out that the origin of mitochondria was similar to that of qi. They are tiny substance constituting the human body. Secondly, the function of mitochondria is similar to that of qi. When the disorder of qi and mitochondria occurs, similar vital signs occur or the same reactions occur. These results suggested that the basic material attribute of qi might be mitochondria.
Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mitochondria ; physiology ; Qi

As the actual clinical reflecting of transform Chinese medicine special curative effect, Chinese medicine preparation not only satisfies the need of hospital clinic, scientific research and teaching, but also plays an important role in deepening medical and health system reform, improving people's health level and contributing to the economic growth. However, some problems about administration and approval (tending to western medicine), contraction of the scale, lack of synchronization for clinic and scientific research, and the imbalance of regional development make Chinese medicine preparation move forwards slowly in contradiction. It has not only reduced the effectiveness of the Chinese medicine preparation in hospital clinic, but also brought bad effect on modernized development of Chinese medicine preparation. Research shows that main influencing factors of status quo of Chinese medicine preparation in medical institution include imperfect laws and regulations, high cost than income, and shortage of talents in preparation research. The analysis indicated that the necessary measures to break the contradiction, improve clinical effect of Chinese medicine, and promote the modernization development of Chinese drugs preparation were as follows: government and related departments should strengthen the supporting force in policy by adjusting the examination and approval policy, speeding up dispensing use, reforming pricing system, including into medicare reimbursement, integrating advantage resources and so on; medical institution should actively carry out research and development of traditional Chinese Medicine through drawing the traditional and modern essence, reserving professional talents, and developing characteristic preparation; companies cooperate with hospitals for complementary advantages, which can rapidly transform Chinese medicine preparation into clinical practice.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; economics ; methods ; trends ; China ; Drug Discovery ; economics ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; trends

Bacteria ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Dental Research ; Genomic Islands ; Periodontitis ; microbiology

Objective To investigate the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH)2D3) on adipocyte differen-tiation and the underlying mechanism. Methods The mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 was randomly divided into 6 groups including control group, differentiation group and 4 different doses of 1, 25(OH)2D3 groups. The control group was treated with vehicle. The differentiation group was supplemented with adipocyte differentiation reagent. And the 1,25(OH)2D3 groups were treated with adipocyte differentiation reagents and 10-9, 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L of 25(OH)2D3. After culturing for 5 days, the cells were stained with oil red O, and the expression levels of adipocyte-specific transcription factors and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related genes were examined by RT-PCR or Western blot methods. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 sig-nificantly reduced the number of differentiated adipocytes and blocked the mRNA levels of adipocyte specific transcription factor PPARγ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), C/EBPα(CCAAT enhancer binding proteinα) and adipo-cyte characterization factor aP2 (fatty acid binding protein 4). These were paralleled by the decreased mRNA expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor sFRP1 (Secreted frizzled-related protein 1) and the increased level ofβ-catenin protein. Conclusion 1, 25(OH)2D3 inhibits adipocyte differentiation, which may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Humans ; Male ; Scrotum/injuries* ; Testis/injuries*

Chinese herbal pieces are a key factor to protecting the quality of the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and it is one of the basic elements of ensuring the quality of TCM and people's usage safety. However, Chinese herbal pieces has massive problem such as adulteration and counterfeit, dyeing and weighting, pesticide residues, heavy metals in excess of the standards, and all the issues are repeated excessive in the clinic treatment. These issues impacted sound development of production, management and use of TCM, but also brings common people hidden trouble for the clinical safety of medication. Protect and improve the quality of the Chinese herbal pieces demand that continue improve quality system, in-depth scientific research, and strengthen self-discipline and other factors. So it is fundamentally to ensure good quality of Chinese herbal pieces with the color, taste and shape by systematic supervision to it from the source, production, management and research, with strengthened implementation and en- forcement of the "3G".
Drug Contamination ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; Total Quality Management ; methods

Chlorides ; metabolism ; Diarrhea ; congenital ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Danlou Tablet (DT) on arrhythmia model rats induced by transient myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).

METHODSTotally 45 healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-operation group, the model group, and the DT group, 15 in each group. Rats in the sham-operation group and the model group were administered with distilled water by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 0.1 mL/kg. Rats in the DT group was administered with 0.53 g/mL DT suspension by gastrogavage at the daily dose of 0.1 mL/kg. All medication was lasted for 10 successive days. The myocardial I/R experiment was performed at 1 h after the last gastrogavage. ECG was performed before ligation and at I/R. The jugular arterial blood pressure of all rats was measured during the whole course. ST segment changes were observed at each time point of I/R. The ventricular fibrillation, the premature ventricular, the number and the duration of ventricular tachycardia within 30 min reperfusion were also observed. Activities of Na(+)-K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase in the myocardium homogenate were detected as well.

RESULTSThe jugular arterial blood pressure and the heart rate were slightly lower in the DT group than in the model group, but with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the degree of ST segment was obviously elevated in the model group at 0, 5, and 7 min (P < 0.05). It was significantly lower in the DT group than in the model group (P < 0.01). ST seg ment was more elevated at 5 min than at 0 min in the model group, but the degree of ST segment elevation was still obviously lower in the DT group than in the model group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the degree of ST segment elevation at 7 min between the two groups (P > 0.05). At 0 min when the decrement of ST segment exceeded one half the ischemia, there was no statistical difference in the degree of myocardial ischemia between the model group and the DT group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the incidence of fatal and nonfatal ventricular fibrillation, the frequency and duration of ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular beats were obviously lessened, and activities of Na(+)-K+ ATPase and Ca(2+)-ATPase increased (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDT could significantly protect arrhythmias induced by transient I/R. Its effect might be related to lowering the degree of myocardial ischemia, and increasing ion transport channel related enzyme activities.

Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; complications ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratins ; analysis ; Male ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; diagnosis ; Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; diagnosis ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Racemases and Epimerases ; analysis ; Staining and Labeling ; methods

Objective To analyze complications of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and preventions.Methods Clinical data and treatment outcomes of 72 consecutive patients ( 80 stents ) from July 2006 to January 2012 with carotid stenosis were analyzed.Asprin 100 mg and clopedigrel 75 mg were given orally 5 days before CAS.Distal embolic protection device were implanted in all patients,pre-dilatation was done for those with carotid stenosis ＞ 90％ and post-dilatation was done for those of residual stenesis ＞ 30％.Severe complications of CAS mean death,myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke.Other minom included transient ischemic attack ( TIA ),hyperperfusion and intracranial hemorrhage ( ICH ),bradycardia and/or hypotension,hypertension,access hematoma or bleeding.Results In 72 patients a total of 80 self-expandable bare stents were successfully implanted.Distal embolic protection devices were used in all cases.Combined procedure was taken in 5 cases including OPCABG in 2 cases,left subclavain artery stenting in 2 cases and renal artery stenting in 1 case.The overall in-hospital complications was 37.5％ (27 of 72).Of these events,1 case had minor strokes defined as a modified Rankin Scale score less than 3 at 1-year follow-up,2 patients (2.78％ ) experienced a hemispheric TIA (neurological symptoms that resolved within 24 hours),1 patient experienced hyperperfusion syndrome.The overall mortality rate was 0,21 cases (29.2％ ) experienced hemodynamic instability (hypotension in 15 cases,bradycardia in 5 cases and hypertension in 1 case) and 2 others had access hematoms.The 30-day death/stroke/myocardial infarction risk was 1.39％ (1 minor stroke).Conclusions Hemedynamic instability (hypotension and bredycardia) is main complications of carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis,severe complications are rare.