Since smart phones have been developed, significant advances in the function of mobile phone due to the development of software, hardware and accessories have been reached. Till now, smart phones have been engaged in daily life with an increasing impact. As a new medical model, mobile phone medicine is emerging and has found wide spread applications in medicine, especially in diagnosing, monitoring and screening various diseases. In addition, mo bile phone medical application shows great potential trend to improve healthcare in resource-limited regions due to its advantageous features of portability and information communication capability. Nowadays, the scientific and technological issues related to mobile phone medicine have attracted worldwide attention. In this review, we summarize state-of-the-art advances of mobile phone medicine with focus on its diagnostics applications in order to expand the fields of their applications and promote healthcare informatization.
Cell Phone ; Delivery of Health Care ; trends ; Humans ; Software

Objective To modify the methods of operation and establishment of cerebral ischemia rat models made by thread occlusion. Method We randomly divided 120 male SD rats into a common group (n = 50), an improvement group (n = 60) and a sham-operated group (n - 10). Rats in the common and improvement groups were made into models using the common and improvement methods separately. All models were evaluated on the basis of physical sign indices and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The TTC staining results were taken as gold standards. Then, we compared the achievement ratios of the two groups, and computed the sensitivity and specificity of every physical sign index based on these standards. The χ~2 or correction χ~2 test was used to compare the ratios. Results (1) The achievement ratio in the improvement group was significantly higher than that in the common group (71.67% vs. 52.00%, P = 0.034). (2) The sensitivity of evaluation for both common and improvement methods was 98.55%. However, the specificity of evaluation for the improvement method was significantly higher than that for the common method (100.00% vs. 40.00%, P =0.000). Conclusions The establishment achievement ratio and evaluation correctness of models are obviously elevated by modification of the operation and establishment methods.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of pretreatment with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) senescence and the underlying mechanism. Cultured HUVECs at twelfth and fourth passages were taken as old and young groups, respectively. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, donor of H2S) group was treated with NaHS from fourth to twelfth passage. The cell senescence was determined by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) staining. DAPI fluorescent dye was used to detect cellular apoptosis. Western blot was used to analyze the expression levels of xanthine oxidase (XOD), manganese-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and the subunits p67(phox) of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in the HUVECs. Colorimetric method was used to detect SOD activity and cellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level. The results showed that, compared with young group, the old group exhibited higher SA β-gal positive rate and cellular apoptosis, while NaHS pretreatment decreased SA β-gal positive rate and cellular apoptosis. Compared with the young group, the old group showed increased expression levels of XOD and p67(phox), as well as lower Mn-SOD expression level. With the pretreatment of NaHS, the up-regulations of XOD and p67(phox) levels and down-regulation of Mn-SOD level were inhibited. Compared with the young group, the old group showed lower SOD activity and higher H2O2 level, whereas NaHS pretreatment reversed the changes of SOD activity and H2O2 level. These results suggest that H2S delays senescence of HUVECs through lessening oxidative stress.
Apoptosis ; Cellular Senescence ; drug effects ; Down-Regulation ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Sulfide ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; Phosphoproteins ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Xanthine Oxidase ; metabolism ; beta-Galactosidase ; metabolism

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia conditioned medium (HCM) of cerebral cortex cells on the differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and to clarify the signal transduction mechanism. The cerebral cortex cells from newborn SD rats were primarily cultured for 5 d, and then the cells were cultured in environments of 4% O2, 1% O2 and normal oxygen concentration, respectively, for 6 h. The culture mediums were collected and centrifuged as the HCM and normoxia conditioned medium (NCM). The neurospheres of NSCs were obtained from the rat cerebral cortex by suspending culture. Immunohistochemical staining was used after adherence culture for 48 h to identify neurons and astrocytes in the progeny of NSCs. LY294002, a PI3-K inhibitor, and SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, were added into the HCM to culture NSCs for 48 h. The results showed that NSCs in the cerebral cortex could differentiate into β-Tubulin III immunoreactive neurons and GFAP immunoreactive astrocytes in three conditioned mediums, and the neurons proportion in progeny of NSCs was higher than astrocytes in all three groups. The proportion of neurons in 4% HCM was higher than that in NCM (P < 0.01). But the proportion of neurons in 1% HCM was less than that in NCM (P < 0.01). Both LY294002 and SP600125 inhibited NSCs to differentiate into high proportion neurons induced by 4% HCM (P < 0.01), but the inhibitory effect of LY294002 was stronger than that of SP600125 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, 4% HCM can induce NSCs to differentiate into more neurons mainly through the PI3-K pathway.
Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVETo explore the antitumoral effect of indirubin on androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells and its possible mechanisms.

METHODSWe measured the inhibitory effect of indirubin on the proliferation of prostate cancer PC-3 cells using MTT assay, detected their cell cycles by flow cytometry, and determined the expressions of the cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin D1 and its related downstream gene c-myc by Western blot.

RESULTSThe viability of the PC-3 cells was significantly decreased by indirubin in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced to 52. 2% and 13. 6% at 5 and 10 µmol/L, respectively. The cell cycle of the PC-3 cells was markedly inhibited by indirubin at 5 µmol/L, with the cells remarkably increased in the G0 and G1 phases and decreased in the S and G2/M phases. Meanwhile, indirubin also inhibited the expressions of cyclin D1 and c-myc in the Wnt signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONIndirubin can suppress the proliferation of androgen-independent prostate cancer PC-3 cells, which may be associated with its inhibitory effect on the cell cycle and Wnt signaling pathway.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Coloring Agents ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Genes, myc ; Humans ; Indoles ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; metabolism ; Tetrazolium Salts ; Thiazoles

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; pathology ; Hepatitis, Autoimmune ; pathology ; Humans ; Warfarin ; adverse effects

Objective Observing the effect of Shuganyishen formula on hormone-dependant metastatic breast cancer and the mechanisms of anti-resistance and endocrine therapy. Methods 226 ITT cases were divided into two cohorts by treatment. 126 cases were treated with the combination of Shuganyishen formula and standard western medicine including endocrine therapy, and 100 cases were treated with western medicine alone. The end points were time to progress (TTP) and overall survival and quality of life (QOF). The effect of Shuganyishen formula on growth of TAM-resistance cell line in vitro was observed. Results There were statistical significances of median TTP between combination and western medicine in Luminal A (ER+ /PR+, HER2-) as well as Luminal B (ER+/PR+, HER2+), but no significances of OS; The extent and incidence of hot flush, sweat and syndromes related to bone were decreased significantly in combination treated group. Shuganyishen formula could reverse resistance to TAM. Conclusion Patients with LuminalA and LuminalB metastatic breast cancer benefit from Shuganyishen formula, which maybe related with its reverse resistance to endocrine therapy.

Aromatic traditional Chinese medicines have a long history in China, with wide varieties. Volatile oils are active ingredients extracted from aromatic herbal medicines, which usually contain tens or hundreds of ingredients, with many biological activities. Therefore, volatile oils are often used in combined prescriptions and made into various efficient preparations for oral administration or external use. Based on the sources from the database of Newly Edited National Chinese Traditional Patent Medicines (the second edition), the author selected 266 Chinese patent medicines containing volatile oils in this paper, and then established an information sheet covering such items as name, dosage, dosage form, specification and usage, and main functions. Subsequently, on the basis of the multidisciplinary knowledge of pharmaceutics, traditional Chinese pharmacology and basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine, efforts were also made in the statistics of the dosage form and usage, variety of volatile oils and main functions, as well as the status analysis on volatile oils in terms of the dosage form development, prescription development, drug instruction and quality control, in order to lay a foundation for the further exploration of the market development situations of volatile oils and the future development orientation.
Databases, Pharmaceutical ; statistics & numerical data ; Drug Therapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Oils, Volatile ; classification ; therapeutic use ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; statistics & numerical data ; Phytotherapy ; statistics & numerical data ; Plant Oils ; classification ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo study the histopathologic features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) of kidney.

METHODSTwo cases of EAML (including one case with recurrence) of kidney were retrieved from the archival files of Departments of Pathology, Navy General Hospital of PLA and Health Science Center of Peking University. The clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemistry, ultrastructural findings and follow-up data were studied and literature reviewed.

RESULTSHistologically, the tumors were predominantly composed of epithelioid cells with marked cellular pleomorphism. Focal perivascular arrangement was seen. Hemorrhage and necrosis were present and tumor emboli were found in the venous structures. The renal hilar lymph nodes were also involved by tumor cells. Immunohistochemical study showed that the tumor cells (including those in the hilar lymph nodes) were strongly and diffusely positive for HMB45, smooth muscle actin, neuron-specific enolase and vimentin. They were focally positive for S-100 protein, melan-pan and CD68. The staining for epithelial membrane antigen, AE1/3, CK7, CD117, muscle-specific actin, desmin, leukocyte common antigen, CD20, CD45RO, CD30, CD15, chromogranin A, synaptophysin, bcl-2, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and p53 were negative. Ultrastructural examination revealed the presence of melanosome-like dense granules, myofilaments and dense bodies in the tumor cell cytoplasm. Discontinuous and focally thickened basal lamina was seen surrounding the tumor cells. On follow up, both patients remained well and disease-free 10 months after operation.

CONCLUSIONSEAML is predominantly or almost entirely composed of epithelioid cells. Perivascular cellular arrangement, focal features of otherwise classic angiomyolipoma, as well as coexpression of HMB-45 and smooth muscle actin are clues to the correct diagnosis. The degree of cytologic atypia, presence of hemorrhage and necrosis and high mitotic activity may indicate the malignant potential of this tumor. On the other hand, the presence of lymph node involvement and even tumor emboli in renal veins may represent multifocaltumorigenicity rather than true malignancy. Definitive evidence of malignancy requires demonstration of distant metastasis.

Adult ; Angiomyolipoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Epithelioid Cells ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; Microscopy, Electron ; Neoplasm Proteins ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDContinent cutaneous diversion (CCD) has been widely used in almost any lower urinary reconstruction. We have been continually trying to modify this procedure because of the high complications rate, especially as they relate to the efferent tube. In this study, we reported a modified procedure with a tapered ileum wrapped by the rectus abdominalis flap (RAMF) and assessed the feasibility of this new technique to achieve urinary continence.

METHODSA procedure in which two ileal segments were tapered and connected to a U-shaped reservoir was performed in ten dogs. A RAMF with its blood supply was wrapped around one of the tapered ileum. In control groups, the tapered ileum was brought to the abdominal skin. Urodynamic studies were conducted In the 1st, 3rd and 6th months post-operatively. The data of maximum inner pressure (MIP) and functional pressure length (FPL) in every group at each phase were recorded. Retrograde radiograms of the efferent limbs were performed before sacrifice.

RESULTSMIP in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group at each phase (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in MIP or FPL were found in the study group between an empty and full reservoir. In the control group, MIP increased (P < 0.05) and FPL decreased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with an empty and full reservoir. Retrograde radiograms confirmed that efferent limbs were positioned straigh beneath the abdominal wall. Histological examination of the study group demonstrated a layer of striated muscle around the outside surface of the ileum.

CONCLUSIONThe continent mechanism of tapered ileum can be enhanced by extra support from wrapped RAMF.

Animals ; Dogs ; Female ; Ileum ; surgery ; Male ; Urinary Diversion ; methods ; Urinary Reservoirs, Continent ; Urodynamics