Cost of Illness ; Humans ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years

To analyze the reasons of injuries during surgical practices and explore the hazards and the corresponding preventive measures. The surgical interns don't receive enough training of injury prevention. They don't pay enough attention to the occupational prevention and are not skilled in operation, which causes high rate of sharp edged instrument injuries. Therefore, a perfect plan of education, training and treatment must be made to reduce the occupational injuries and blood sourced diseases.

Objective To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARA). Methods Clinical data from 682 patients with SARS were retrospectively analyzed. Results The patients ranged from 13 to 76 years old, 387 male and 295 female. A total of 356 patients (52.2) had a history of close contact with diagnosed SARS patients, and 113 (25.1%) had been to hospital ever. The most common symptom was fever (99.3%), followed by cough (44.4%), shortness of breath (12.2% ), diarrhea (8.9%). 596 patients (87.4%) had normal or decreased white blood cell counts. Serum ALT and CPK levels were elevated in 112 patients (16.4%)and 17 patients (2.5%) respectively. Infiltrates on chest radiography were seen in all patients, with 69.8% involved both lungs. Six patients (0.9%) died of SARS. Conclusion SARS is infectious. Hospital is an important place where SARS transmits. Fever, cough and infiltrative changes on chest radiography are mainly symptoms and signs.

AIM: To investigate the effect of intraventricular pressure change by volume overload (VOL) on expression of proto-oncogene c- fos ,c- jun ,c- myc and egr-1 . METHODS: Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of rat with VOL induced by aortacaval fistula operation and rats of control group were measured at 30 min, 1, 4, 6, 12 and 48 h after the operation,these mRNAs at the foregoing time points were measured by slot bloting method and quantified with densitometry. RESULTS: Be compared with the control group, VOL rats LVSP decreased ( P 0.05) after the operation.The proto-oncogene expression signals were not detected in the control,negative controls and VOL rats at 30 min after the operation. The c- fos, c- jun and egr-1 mRNA signals appeared earlier,at 1 h, and c- myc mRNA increased later at 4 h.All reached peak value at 4 h and then declined gradually.The c- fos mRNA were not detected at 48 h. The c- myc ,c- 0jun and egr-1 mRNA persisted throught the entire observation period from 1 h to 48 h. CONCLUSIONS: During VOL early phase the overload have effect on expression of the proto-oncogene mRNA,c- fos, c- jun and egr-1 mRNA appear earlier, c- myc later, egr -1,c- jun and c- myc persist longer period, but the expressions do not strengthen with the ventricule wall load increase.This sequential induction pattern may reflect the time course regularity of the proto-oncogenes expression induced by VOL,and indicate the proto-oncogenes expression initiate while the heart load accumulate some extent and duration and the load magnitude may not play a critical role.

In the fast pace of modern life and under the heavy work pressure, the prevalence of depression has increased year by year. Meanwhile, the demands for antidepressant drugs have also grown, especially the high-efficiency and low-toxicity natural antidepressant drugs, mainly including polyphenols, flavonoids, organic acids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is a type of enzymes involving oxidative metabolism of drugs in vivo, and can change the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of drugs. Therefore, it is of important significant to define the effect of natural antidepressant drugs on CYP450 in human bodies, in order to improve the rational clinical medication, avoid drug interactions and reduce adverse reactions.
Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ; metabolism ; Depression ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans

Objective To study the relationship between chromosomal abnormality and Y chromosome microdeletions and male infertility. Methods Lymphocytes were cultured from peripheral blood of 1975 male infertility patients and stained with Giemsa. The chromosomes were analyzed under microscope. Y chromosome specific sequence tags (STS) were selected, then the Y chromosome microdeletions in AZF regions were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in azoospermia and oligozoospermia patients. Results There were 305 cases of detected chromosomal abnormalities (15.44%) in the 1975 cases. There were 101 cases (5.11 %) with autosome abnormalities which clinically manifested as oligozoospermia and teratospermia. There were 204 cases (10. 33%) of sexual chromosome abnormalities and the patients were mainly characterized with Klinefelter's syndrome. Y chromosome microdeletions were detected in 109 (14.97 %) of the 728 cases of azoospermia or oligozoospermia. The most common microdeletion of Y chromosome was AZFc (62.39%) and these patients were characterized with azoospermia and oligozoospermia. Five patients (4. 59%) who suffered Y chromosome microdeletion in AZFa region and AZFb region were characterized with azoospermia. Fifteen cases (13.76%) with microdeletion in AZFb region and AZFc region were mainly characterized with azoospermia. There were 6 cases (5. 50 % ) of microdeletion in AZFa, AZFb and AZFc regions,these patients were all characterized with azoospermia. Conclusions Both Chromosome abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions are important causes for male infertility.

AIM: To determine the alterations of myocardial ? 1-adrenergic receptor (? 1-AR) and cardiac sympathetic norepinephrine transporter (NET) mRNA expression, which is upstream modulator of ? 1-AR, in rats with longterm volume overload (VOL).METHODS: Left ventricular systolic (LVSP) and end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) of rats with VOL induced by aortacaval fistula operation and control group were measured at 3, 14,30 and 60 d after the operation, the mRNA at the time points was measured by RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis and quantified by densitometry.RESULTS: The cardiac sympathetic NET specific expression is in the cardiac sympathetic ganglia. Be compared with the control group, LVSP of VOL rats decreased most dramatically by 24%( P

Objective: To understand the survival status and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) among drug users in Yili Prefecture, Xinjiang from 2005 to 2019, so as to provide references for reducing AIDS mortality. Methods : The demographic information, clinical stage, baseline CD4+T lymphocyte ( CD4 ) level and treatment status of HIV/AIDS patients with HAART in Yili Prefecture from 2005 to 2019 were collected through AIDS Antiretroviral Therapy Information System. The survival rate was calculated by the life table method. The influencing factors for survival time were analyzed by Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: Totally 1 935 patients were recruited, the median age receiving HAART was 37 years old and the median CD4 counts was 293/μL. The cumulative survival rates at 1, 5, 7 and 10 years were 97%, 78%, 73%, and 66%, respectively. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the patients with body mass index of 18.5-<28.0 kg/m2 ( HR: 0.391-0.656, 95%CI: 0.234-0.958 ), baseline CD4>200/μL ( HR: 0.354-0.667, 95%CI: 0.232-0.841 ) , or missed medication in the last 7 days ( HR=0.009, 95%CI: 0.001-0.061 ) had lower risk of death; the patients with WHO clinical stage of Ⅱ-Ⅳ ( HR: 1.479-2.311, 95%CI: 1.004-3.288 ) or treatment delay ≥1 years ( HR: 1.287-1.388, 95%CI: 1.029-1.826 ) had higher risk of death. Conclusions The 5-year cumulative survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients with HAART in Yili Prefecture is 78%. Body mass index, baseline CD4 level, WHO clinical stage, treatment delay and missed medication in last 7 days were the influencing factors for survival time.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of preoperative ultrasound-assisted drawings in location of thyroid micronodule resection .Methods A total of 88 patients ( 137 nodules ) who underwent thyroid micro-nodule resection were enrolled in the prospective randomized controlled study .All patients were randomly divided into two groups:46 patients (68 micronodules) in experimental group and 42 patients (69 micronodules) in control group.Inclusion criteria:the maximum diameter of nodule≤1.0 cm. Preoperative thyroid ultrasound was conducted .Patients in experimental group also underwent ultrasound-assisted location of thyroid micronodule .Results The diagnostic accuracy rate of US was 81.82%(69/88) in all patients .With the help of ultrasound-assisted location , all nodules in experimental group were found quickly and accurately.The resection rate of experimental group was 100%(46/46).Whereas 4 nodules (in 4 patients ) were missed in control group with a resection rate of 90.5% (38/42).The postoperative US examinations after 3 months showed that all nodules were completely removed in experimental group while 4 nodules retained in control group .Conclusions Preoperative ultrasound-assisted drawings in location of thyroid micronodule plays an important role in thyroid nodule resection .It is great value of clinical application .

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of in-utero exposure to HIV and ART on pregnancy outcome and early growth of children.Methods This cohort study enrolled 802 HIV-infected pregnant women between October 2009 and May 2018 in Guangzhou,China The women were assigned to receive combination ART (cART) or mono/dual ART or no treatment.The primary outcomes were the combined endpoints of any adverse pregnancy outcome [including ectopic pregnancy,spontaneous abortion,stillbirth,preterm birth,small for gestational age (SGA)] and adverse early growth outcome (including infant death,HIV infection of mother-to-child transmission,and underweight,wasting and stunting of infants at 4 weeks of age).Results Adverse pregnancy outcomes occurred in 202 (35.1％) of all enrolled HIV-infected women,and 121 (31.3％) of all infants exhibited adverse effects on early growth at 4 weeks of age.The rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes,spontaneous abortion,ectopic pregnancy,stillbirth,infant death and perinatal HIV infection were higher among women not receiving ART,compared to those treated with cART or mono/dual ART (P ＜ 0.05).However,women treated with cART had a higher rate of SGA,compared to untreated women (P ＜ 0.05).No differences in early infant growth were observed among the different treatment regimens.Conclusion Our findings underscore the essentiality of prioritizing HIV-positive pregnant women for ART,as even mono/dual ART available in resource-limited countries could improve pregnancy outcomes and infant survival