Because of the aggressive threaten of heat stroke and a lack of understanding of the mechanism of action, mammal animal models for experimental heat stroke were well developed. During the past 5 decades, anesthetized mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, baboon and monkey were used as animal model for experimental heat stroke. However, anesthetized mammals models have some limitations, such as neuroprotective effect of anesthetic agents, possible disturbance on injury and recovery of stroke animals by anesthetic agents, difficulty of discussing animal behavior before and after heat stroke, it was also difficult for the models to evaluate cognitive function of animal under hot environment. Considering humanitarian, only awaked and unrestrained mouse heat stroke model was accepted so far. Therefore, we also developed an awaked and unrestrained rat heat stroke model, and found it was helpful to evaluate drug effectiveness for animal behavior and cognitive function under hot environment.
Animals ; Cognition ; Disease Models, Animal ; Heat Stroke ; physiopathology ; Mice ; Rats

Objective To investigate the value of lower limbs fixation methods for the treatment of intussusception in children with air enema with.Methods 2 1 1 pediatric patients with intussusception who had accepted the treatment of air enema with two dif-ferent fixation methods on lower limbs were enrolled.Comparisons of median treatment duration and therapeutic effect between the two methods were investigated.Results In 32 patients with knee-joint fixation method,27 were successful with median treatment duration 4.84 minutes.Meanwhile in other 179 ones with lower limbs fixation method,152 were successful with median duration 7.96 minutes.And the duration difference between two methods was found (P<0.05).Conclusion Knee-joint fixation may help significantly shorten the median treatment duration for the treatment of intussusception with air enema in children.

?AIM: To explore the relation of homocysteine ( Hcy ) and its metabolic related indicators with primary angle-closure glaucoma ( PACG) .?METHODS: In this study, a total of 150 PACG patients and 150 controls were enrolled. The patients with PACG were diagnosed by applanation tonometer, Humphrey perimetry ( HVF ) , optical coherence tomography ( OCT ) , gonioscope. The normal controls were recruited from physical examination center. Blood samples were collected and the plasma was used to determine homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folic acid. DNA was extracted to determine the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) C677TT genotype and gene polymorphism.?RESULTS:There was a statistically significant difference (t=2. 04,P=0. 04) in mean homocysteine levels between patients with PACG ( 16. 11 ± 1. 66μmol/L ) and controls (15. 74± 1. 52μmol/L). The level of vitamin B12 in PACG group was 248. 09 ± 119. 07pg/mL and the control group was 230. 21 ± 142. 93pg/mL. No statistically significant difference was found on the vitamin B12 level between the two groups ( t = 0. 84, P = 0. 40 ). The folic acid levels showed no statistically significant differences( t=1. 65,P=0.17) between the PACG group(12. 02±7. 81ng/mL) and the control group (13. 15 ± 6. 25ng/mL). The frequency distribution of the MTHFR C677T genotypes was found to be significantly associated (χ2 =6. 2,P<0. 05) with PCAG (CC 84. 7%, CT 4. 7%, TT 10. 7%) as compared to the controls (CC 94. 7%, CT 2. 0%, TT 3. 3%). The frequency distribution of TT genotypes of MTHFR C677T in the PACG group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Moreover, our findings showed significant difference (χ2=14. 2,P<0. 05) between the allele frequency of the C677T single nucleotide polymorphism within the MTHFR gene in POAG patients ( T 87. 0%, C 13. 0%) and the control group(T 95. 7%,C 4. 3%) .?CONCLUSION: These results show that the Hcy level and the TT genotypes of MTHFR C677T were higher in the PACG patients than in controls. Therefore, our data suggests that high Hcy level and the related indicators are associated with high PACG risk.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts.Methods Five patients suffering from retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts caused by severe acute biliary pancreatitis received conservative management for 2 ～ 6 months,and the sizes of pseudocysts were 8,10,12,14,15 cm.All the 5 patients received laparoscopic cystogastrostomy,and 4 ports methods was applied,through anterior gastric wall,the posterior gastric wall and pancreatic pseudocysts were incised by using harmonic scalpel,then cystogastrostomy was performed to drain the pseudocysts.Results Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts was successful in all patients,theoperation time was 90,105,115,120,150 minutes.The blood loss was 100,150,150,200,300 ml.No intra-gastric bleeding occurred.After 1 month follow-up,all the pseudocysts disappeared,and there was no acute pancreatitis and local infection recurrence.Gastric leakage occurred 7 d after operation in one patient,and was healed after one month of conservative management.Conclusions Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy through gastric cavity for retrogastric pancreatic pseudocysts is simple and effective,mini-invasive,and it can be an alternative therapeutic method for pancreatic pseudocysts.

Abscess ; surgery ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Diseases ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect and mechanism of hirudin on atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice.

METHODSTotally 24 ApoE(-/-) mice, 7-8 weeks old were fed with high fat diets. They were randomly divided into the recombinant hirudin treatment group (drug group) and the model group according to body weight and different dens, 12 in each group. Twelve C57BL/6J mice, 7-8 weeks old fed with high fat diet were recruited as the normal control group. Recombinant hirudin (0.25 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to mice in the drug group from the 10th week old once every other day for five successive weeks. Equal volume of normal saline was injected to mice in the model group. Mice in the normal control group received no treatment. All mice were sacrificed after fed with high fat diet until they were 20 weeks old. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), E-selectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and stromal metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were detected. The plaque/lumen area and extracellular lipid composition/ plaque area were analyzed by HE staining and morphometry. Changes of signaling molecules in store-operated calcium channels, including stromal interacting molecule 1 (STIM1), Orail protein, and transient receptor potential channel 1 (TRPC1) were determined by Western blot. Results Lipid plaque formed in the aorta vessel wall of 20-week old mice in the model group. Compared with the normal control group, serum levels of TC, TG and LDL increased (P<0.01), hs-CRP, E-selction, IL-6, and MMP-2 obviously increased (P<0.01, P<0.05) in the model group; expression levels of STIM1, TRPC1, and Orail significantly increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the plaque/lumen area and the extracellular lipid composition/plaque area significantly decreased in the drug group (P<0.05, P<0.01); serum levels of TC and LDL, hs-CRP, E-selction, IL-6, and MMP-2 obviously decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01); expression levels of STIM1, TRPC1, and Orail were significantly down-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONHirudin could significantly improve lipids and endothelial functions of ApoE(-/-) mice, down-regulate expression levels of STIM1, Orai1, and TRPC1, and thus delaying the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis.

Animals ; Aorta ; Apolipoproteins E ; metabolism ; Atherosclerosis ; C-Reactive Protein ; Cholesterol ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; E-Selectin ; Hirudins ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; Lipids ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism ; Triglycerides

Objective Multimeric cyclic RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) peptides are capable of improving the integrin αvβ3-binding affinity due to the polyvalence effect.In this study,the authors prepare 99Tcm-la-bearing cyclic RGD tetramer E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2,and evaluate its biodistribution and imaging in nude mice beating U87 MG human glioma xenografts with integrinαvβ3-positive.Methods 99Tcm-hydrazino-nictinamide (HYNIC)-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 was prepared by two-step method,while HYNIC wag chosen as bifunctional chelator,and tricine and trisodium triphenylphosphine-3,3,3-trisuifonate (TPPTS) as coligands.The af-finity of c (RGDyK) monomer,HYNIC-E[c(RGDfK)]2 dimer and HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 tetramer to integrin αvβ3 was compared by in vitro competitive assay against binding of 125I-c(RGDyK)to integrin αvβ3.positive U87 MG human glioma cells.The biodistribution [the percentage of injection dose per gram of tissue(%ID/g)] and imaging were performed in nude mice bearing UB7MG human glioma xenografts.Re-suits The labeling yield of 99Tcm-HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)2}2 was over 95%,and the radiochemical purity was more than 99%after purification with Sop-Pak C18 cartridge.The 50%inhibiting concentration (IC30) val-ues of c(RGDyk),HYNIC-E[c(RGDfK)]2 and HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 were 85.9,9.5 and 4.5 nmol/L, respectively.The result indicated that RGD tetramer possessed a significantly higher affinity to in-tegrinαvβ3.The biodistribution data showed that 99Tcm-HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 was excreted mainly through kidneys.The tumor uptake of 99Tcm-HYNIC-E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 was two times higher than 99Tcm- HYNIC-E[c(RGDfK)]2,at 1h postinjection,with the uptake of(10.32±0.07)%ID/g and(5.15±0.52)%ID/g,respectively,which was consistent with the in vitro competitive binding data.The tumor up-tale of 99Tcm-HYNIC.E{E[c(RGDfK)]2}2 was still as higher as(9.35±1.35)%ID/g at 4 h postinjec-tion, which demonstrated that the retention time of radiotracer in tumor was long enough.The imaging showed that tumor was clearly visualized at 1h postinjection,and the image at 4 h postinjection Was better.Conclusion The higher tumor uptake and longer retention time in tumor make 99Tem-HYNIC-E{E[c(RG-DfK)J 2}2 a promising radiotracer for integrinαvβ3-positive tumors imaging,furthermore,suggest that radi-onuelides(such as 90Y).1abeled RGD tetramer is more suitable for the therapy of integrin αvβ3-positive tumors.

This study was aimed to screen out a safe and effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound prescription in insomnia treatment, through the method of uniform design and comprehensive scoring method. It provided candidate drugs to further research and development of TCM new drug. U7(76) uniform design was used to divide groups. The test was given on sleep time prolonging effect of mice injected with pentobarbital sodium. The subliminal dosage of pentobarbital hypnosis was tested on mice injected with pentobarbital sodium. The acute toxicity (LD50) was tested on mice. Comprehensive scoring method was applied to evaluate the effect to determine the optimum dose. The results showed the optimized prescription was composed of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Schisandra chinensis. The optimum ratio was 1:3. It was concluded that the uniform design was applied in the experimental design with 3 factors and 6 levels. Comprehensive scoring method was used to evaluate the combined effect. The optimized prescription that put benefit and risk into consideration was composed of Radix Sophorae Flavescentis and Schisandra chinensis. The best ratio was 1:3, which can be further developed.

Objective To compare the curative effect of open and minimally invasive treatment of acute closed achilles tendon rupture with 5 years followed-up study.Methods From September,2010 to January,2012,28 patients with acute closed Achilles tendon rupture in our hospital were followed up for 5 years.There were 21 males and 7 females.Minimally invasive percutaneous suture in 11 cases;open suture in the treatment of 17 cases.The patients were followed up at 6 months,1 year,2 years,3 years,4 years,and 5 years after AOFAS and ATRS score.Results The follow-up time ranged from 60 to 72 months.All incisions healed by first intention and no incision related complications occurred.2 groups of patients with ATRS score at 6 months after operation:the open group was 81.23±3.99,minimally invasive percutaneous group of 88.27±4.27,the difference between the two groups was statistically significantly.After 1 year,there was no significant difference in the scores between the two groups.Two groups of patients with AOFAS score at 6 months after operation:the open group was 69.00±6.23,minimally invasive percutaneous group of 79.27±4.83,the difference between the two groups was statistically significantly.At one year after operation,the open group was 85.53±3.38,and the minimally invasive group was more than 89.90±3.38.The difference between the two groups was statistically significantly.After 2 years,there was no significant difference in the scores between the two groups.Conclusion There is no significant difference between the 2 years after surgery in the treatment of acute closed Achilles tendon rupture or open surger.

Using Eu3+as a tracer,a sandwich?type assay was established. HE4 in serum specimens from 225 patients were detected by TRFIA. Serum levels of HE4 in pelvic tumors were quantitatively analyzed. From receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves,the reference values was calculated for endometrial cancer,cervical cancer and ovarian cancer,respectively. Results The working range of serum HE4 for TRFIA was 10~10000 pmol/L with a sensitivity of 7.5 pmol/L. The method offered less interaction with CA125 and CA199,and also provided a better correlation with ECLA,while the CV of intra?assay was below 10%. HE4 levels were significantly higher in endometrial cancer,cervical cancer and ovarian cancer groups than in healthy volunteer group,while did not differ significantly between uterine fibroid group and healthy women group. As aging,the risk for developing pelvic tumors increased. The area of ROC for malignant tumors was all above 0.5 and the accurate interpretation of HE4 was 60 pmol/L. Conclusion A stable,precise HE4 TRFIA is well established,which is helpful in diagnosis of gynecologic cancers.