Objective To evaluate the diagostic value of hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG) and cystatin C(Cys-C)tests in diabetic nephropathy(DN)of early stage.Methods The turbidimetric immunoassay was adopted to determine serum hs-CRP,β2-MG and Cys-C concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients,including 100 cases with DN of early stage (DN group),50 cases without DN(NDN group)and 100 cases healthy controls(control group).Results Serum hs-CRP,β2-MG and Cys-C concentrations in DN group were significantly higher than that in control group and NDN group(P <0.05).Conclusion Hs-CRP,β2-MG and Cys C are sensitive indicators in the diagosis of DN.The combined determination of the three indicators im-proves the sensitivity of early DN diagnosis and is useful for monitoring the development of DN in early stage.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) in isolated hippocampal neurons of fetal rats incubated with propofol.Methods Hippocampal neurons derived from the fetal rats of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats at 5-13 days of gestation were primarily cultured for 7 days,and were inoculated in the culture plate at a density of 5×105 cells/ml.The neurons were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =15 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),propofol group (group P),and dexmedetomidine + propofol group (group DP).In group P,propofol with the final concentration of 100 μmol/L was added to the culture medium,and the cells were incubated for 3 h.In group DP,dexmedetomidine with the final concentration of 1 μmol/L was added to the culture medium,the cells were incubated for 30 min,and then propofol with the final concentration of 100 μmol/L was added to the culture medium,and the cells were incubated for 3 h.The viability of hippocampal neurons was assessed by CCK-8 assay.NGF mRNA expression was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.NGF protein expression was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the viability of hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased,and the expression of NGF protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group P (P＜0.05).Compared with group P,the viability of hippocampal neurons was significantly increased,and the expression of NGF protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group DP (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine improve propofol-induced decrease in the viability of isolated hippocampal neurons of fetal rats through up-regulating the expression of NGF.

Objective To evaluate the changes in the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin4 (AQP4) in lung tissues during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 30-64 yr,weighing 45-79kg,undergoing pulmonary lobectomy,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=20 each):two-lung ventilation group (group T) and one-lung ventilation group (group O).Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of midazolam,fentanyl,vecuronium and propofol.In group T,the patients were intubated with a single-lumen endotracheal tube and two-lung ventilation was performed.In group O,double-lumen endobranchial tube was inserted,and two-lung ventilation was performed followed by onelung ventilation after chest opening.PET CO2 was maintained at 5.3-24.0 kPa and SpO2 was maintained ＞ 92％.Anesthesia was maintained with iv infusion of remifentanil,propofol and vecuronium.The normal lung tissues were obtained from the site near the pathologic changes for microscopic examination (with light microscope) and examination of the ultrastructure (with transmission electron microscope),and for determination of W/D lung weight ratio,the expression of AQP1 mRNA and AQP4 mRNA (by RT-PCR) and the expression of AQP1 protein and AQP4 protein (by Western blot).Results Compared with group T,W/D lung weight ratio was significantly increased,the expression of AQP1 mRNA and protein was down-regulated in group O (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the expression of AQP4 mRNA and protein in group O (P ＞ 0.05).Pathological changes were observed in group O.Conclusion Down-regulation of AQP1 expression may be involved in the acute lung injury induced by one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy,however,AQP4 has no such effect.

· AIM: To study the in situ relative intraocular position of the iris-claw phakic intraocular lens (PIOL)for high myopia using an anterior chamber optical coherence tomography (AC OCT)prototype.· METHODS: Six PIOLs (11.50 to 22.00D lens powers) were implanted in phakic myopic eyes. Using AC OCT, tomography was taken in the anterior chamber to measure the preoperative anterior chamber depth, postoperative distance between the PIOL and the corneal endothelium (endothelial-optic distance), and the postoperative distance between the PIOL and the crystalline lens.· RESULTS: Preoperative anterior chamber depth ranged from 3.27 to 3.91 mm and the postoperative endothelial-optic distance measured 2,07 to 2,24 mm. The distance between the crystalline lens and the posterior surface of the IOL ranged from 0.82 to 1.32 mm. Several tomography revealed the position of the PIOL on the iris, The pigment layer of the iris did not seem to be disturbed by the presence of the PIOL.· CONCLUSION, The original anterior chamber depths were reduced by 36,1% to 44.6% after implantation. This study of 6 eyes revealed that tomography taken by AC OCT are useful in verifying the intraocular position of the PIOL within the anterior chamber. Adequate space was maintained between the iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens and the corneal endothelium, angle, and crystalline lens.

Objective To observe the metabolic characteristics of an experimental model of chronic pancreatitis,and to investigate its role in the grading of chronic pancreatitis.Methods Thirty-six Wistar rats were injected with dibutyltin chloride (DBTC) solution (8mg/kg) via the tail vein to establish the experimental model of chronic pancreatitis.The 36 rats were divided into 6 groups with 6 rats in each group.On0,7,14,21,28,35 days after modeling,rats was sacrificed and pancreatic tissue of the rats was harvested,and a small part was used for pathologic study,the majority part was kept at-80℃ under liquid nitrogen freezing.Metabolites of pancreatic tissue were determined by high-resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic (HR-MAS NMRS).On the basis of the abnormal structure,tubular complexes,gland atrophy,fibrosis,edema and inflammatory cell infiltration,chronic pancreatitis was graded.Results Pathologic study showed the severity of chronic pancreatitis gradually increased with time after modeling.The 7th,14th day after modeling,the pancreatic change was mild chronic pancreatitis; the 21st,28th,35th day,the pancreatic change was changed into severe chronic pancreatitis.Principal component analysis of HR-MAS NMRS showed that the betaine (Bet) and choline ( Cho)-contained components were significantly increased in severe chronic pancreatitis; while aspartate (Asp),lactate (Lac),isoleucine/leucine/valine (I/L/V) and fatty acid (FA) were significantly reduced when compared with those in mild chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue.There was no significant difference in the amount of metabolic characteristics between mild chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreatic tissue.Conclusions HRMAS NMRS was helpful in distinguishing the severe chronic pancreatitis from mild chronic pancreatitis.

Objective To investigate the event-based prospective memory(EBPM)and time-based prospective memory(TBPM)in schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome,and to provide theory basis for early intervention and treatment.Methods According to inclusion standard,50 schizophrenia patients with concomitant metabolism syndrome and 50 schizophrenia patients without metabolism syndrome matched in age,gender and education were assessed with a neuropsychological battery of tests including EB-PM and TBPM tasks.Results In the EBPM task,there was significant difference between schizophrenia pa-tients with and without metabolism syndrome (3.46±0.91 vs 3.86±0.81, t=-2.326, P=0.022).A statistically significant difference in TBPM was observed between schizophrenia patients with and without metabolism syn-drome (3.02±1.12 vs 3.78±0.89, t=-3.770, P=0.000).Conclusion The schizophrenia patients with me-tabolism syndrome have severer prospective memory impairment than those without metabolism syndrome.

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; therapeutic use ; Fluoresceins ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Male ; Oxides ; therapeutic use ; Rats

OBJECTIVETo establish a nude mouse model of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) lymph node metastasis and screen the signature genes associated with the metastasis.

METHODSThe NPC 5-8F-EGFP cells were inoculated into nude mice, from which a 5-8F-LN cell line with lymph node metastasis potential was obtained. The lymphatic metastasis-related signature genes of breast cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were screened by data mining method.

RESULTSThe NPC cell lines 5-8F and 6-10B showed 307 differentially expressed genes by microarray analysis, from which 20 overlapping genes were identified, and 3 overexpressed genes were found with probable metastasis potential, namely the ADM, IRF1, and CAV1 genes. Quantitative RT-PCR validated the data mining results in the 5-8F-EGFP, 6-10B-EGFP, NP69, and 5-8F-LN cell lines. The 3 NPC cell lines 5-8F-EGFP, 6-10B-EGFP and 5-8F-LN showed significantly higher expressions of IRF1 than NP69 cells (P=0.008, 0.022, and 0.006, respectively. The expression level of CAV1 in 5-8F-EGFP cells was significantly higher than that in 6-10B-EGFP cells (P=0.014), but ADM expression showed no significant difference between the 4 cell lines.

CONCLUSIONSIRF1 may play an important role in the progression of NPC. The overexpression of CAV1 in 5-8F-EGFP cells can be associated with the high metastatic potential of the cells.

Adrenomedullin ; genetics ; Animals ; Caveolin 1 ; genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factor-1 ; genetics ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transplantation, Heterologous

Objective To determine the dose-response relationship of anhydrous alcohol for thorac-ic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Methods Two hundred patients with prima-ry palmar hyperhidrosis, aged 18-33 yr, grade of palmar sweating 3 or 4, scheduled for elective surgery under thoracic sympathetic block, were divided into 5 different mixture of anhydrous alcohol and iohexol (iohexol : anhydrous alcohol=1 : 5)groups(n=40 each)using a random number table. Under CT guid-ance, thoracic intervertebral puncture was performed between T3and T4until the needle tip reached the spot around T4and above capitis costae. The mixture of anhydrous alcohol 10 ml(group R1), 15 ml(group R2), 20 ml(group R3), 25 ml(group R4)and 30 ml(group R5)and iohexol was injected into the thoracic sympathetic ganglia on both sides. Effective block was defined as the rise in the palm tempera-ture of both hands more than 3℃ and sweating completely disappeared at 10 min after thoracic sympathetic block was performed with anhydrous alcohol. The median effective dose(ED50), ED95and 95% confi-dence interval(CI)of anhydrous alcohol for thoracic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyper-hidrosis were calculated by probit analysis. Results The ED50(95% CI)of anhydrous alcohol for thorac-ic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis was 1882(1564-2201)ml, and the ED95 (95% CI)was 2806(2420-3812)ml. Conclusion The ED50and ED95of anhydrous alcohol for tho-racic sympathetic block in treating primary palmar hyperhidrosis are 1882 and 2806 ml, respectively.