Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mycoses ; pathology ; Penicillium ; isolation & purification

lschemic postconditioning(IPo)is a way that after long ischemia on liver graft,animals are given one or several brief reperfusion-ischemia before persistent reperfusion to improve the hepatic tolerance and relieve the ischemie reperfusion injury.It has been proved an effective and controlled method to attenuate the ischemic reperfusion injury.Protective mechanism of ischemic postconditioning on hepatic graft is related with protecting sinus hepaticus endotheliocyte and hepatic microcirculation,relieving hepatic cells injury and inflammatory reaction induced by oxygen free radicals,relieving calcium ovedoad in hepatic cells and mitochondria,regulating apoptosis genes,transforming ion channels condition in mitochondria.This article will makes a brief review on protective mechanism ofhepatic ischemic posteanditioning.

Objective To learn the size and income of off-staff medical workers in a survey of public county-level general hospitals in China.Methods Human resources investigation of public county-level general hospitals,with SPSS data analysis of the outcomes.Results From 2011 to 2013,the proportion of off-staff medical workers increased from 31.44% to 36.69%,of whom the highest proportion was found in China′s western region,accounting for 40.69%;the ratio of off-staff practicing physicians increased from 14.24% to 16.64%,of whom China′s central region accounted for 19.92%;the ratio of off-staff nurses increased from 43.03% to 49.77%,of whom China′s western region accounted for 55.88%.In 13.7% of the hospitals,income of off-staff medical workers was less than a half of that for permanent staff;41.32% and 26.31% of the hospitals surveyed were fully covered with social insurance and housing fund account respectively.Conclusions Off-staff labor is a distinct feature at such hospitals,making imperative a HR system reform of public hospitals.The discriminative income and welfare between permanent and off-staff medical workers calls for a fundamental change to the income and welfare system.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the incidence of gastric mucosal lesions in type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM)and diabetic kidney disease(DKD)patients with dyspepsia symptoms.Methods A total of 241 type 2 diabetic patients and 69 non -diabetic subjects with dyspeptic symptoms were enrolled in the study.Gastroduodenal lesions were observed by gastrointestinal endoscopy and the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection was identified by rapid urease test and serum IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori.Urine albumin excretion rate(UAE)at 24 hours was measured in all subjects.According to the urinary albumin excretion rate,patients were classified into diabetes mellitus group(DMgroup,with UAE <30mg/24h),diabetic kidney disease group 1(DKD group 1,with UAE 30mg/24h to <300mg/24h)and diabetic kidney disease group 2(DKD group 2 >300mg/24h).Estimated glomerular filtration rate were above 60mL·min -1 ·(1.73m2 )-1 in the three groups of patients.The 69 cases of non -diabetic subjects were used as the control group.Results The prevalence of H pylori infection in the DKD group[145 /72(62.5%)]and the DKD group 2[34 /53(64.15%)]were significantly higher than those in the control group[28 /65(43.1%)](χ2 =3.901,P =0.04;χ2 =4.223,P =0.03)and the DM group [27 /63 (42.9%)](χ2 =4.104,P =0.04;χ2 =5.116,P =0.03).No significant differences of H.pylori prevalence were detected between the DKD groups(χ2 =1.304,P =0.29)as well as the DMgroup and the control group (χ2 =0.723,P =0.40).Gastroscopy results showed that the incidence of normal endoscopic performance in the DMgroup was higher than that of the control group(57.1% vs.38.5%,χ2 =4.612,P =0.03).There were no significant differences between the control group and DM group,DKD1 group and DKD2 group in the incidence of gastric mucosal lesions (Superficial gastritis:χ2 =1.206,0.912,0.707;erosive gastritis:χ2 =1.422,1.836 0.870;duodenal ulcer:χ2 =243.1, 1.716,2.233;gastric ulcer:χ2 =1.440,0.971,1.322 and esophagitis:χ2 =2.116,2.318,2.488,all P >0.05). Conclusion Diabetic nephropathy patients are more susceptible to Helicobacter pylori infection.There is no significant difference in the infection rate of Helicobacter pylori between type 2 diabetic nephropathy with microalbuminuria and with macroalbuminuria.There are no significant differences in the type of gastric mucosal lesion between Type 2 diabetes mellitus,diabetic nephropathy patients and non diabetic patients.

Objective To compare the value of liquid-based preparations versus conventional smears in the diagnosis of non-thyroid neck masses from fine needle aspiration. Methods The two different methods were compared by the smear quality and the diagnostic accuracy for the aspiration samples of non-thyroid neck masses of 400 patients. Results The unsatisfactory rate for LBP was lower than that for CS (13.0% vs. 16.0%, P < 0.05). The sensitivity was 94.6% for LBP and 92.9% for CS, and the accuracy was 96.8% for LBP and 95.0% for CS. In the aspect of smear quality, LBP had advantages of quantity of cells, with clear background and easily identifiable cell morphology. Conclusions LBP has more advantages than CS in the identification of non-thyroid neck masses, especially for cervical nodal enlargement. But it has no marked advantages in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions.

Objective To explore the changes of the diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion and insulin resistance of the type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients with depression.Methods The 216 cases outpatient and inpatientof Department of Endocrinology of the Second People's Hospital Changshou, Clinical Psychology of City Mental Health Center of Changshou ,were divided into depression without T2DM group(D group,44 cases), T2DM without depression group(DM group, 124 cases) and the T2DM with depression group(DM-D group,48 cases).And 40 healthy people were from the medical center and as the normal control(NC) group.The levels of fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), Fins, fasting C peptide (FC-P), rhythm in cortisol(Cor) secretion at 3 time points (8:00, 16:00,24:00) and plasma adrenocorticotropin(ACTH) were detected for studies.Results Compared with the D group, DM group and NC group, there were increases of FPG,HbA1c,insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in the DM-D group ((11.51 ±2.05) vs.(5.18 ±0.22), (9.47±3.46), (5.11±0.25) mmol/L;(10.28±2.12)％ vs.(5.36±0.34)％, (8.89±2.21)％, (5.53 ±0.32) ％;3.78± 1.08 vs.1.58 ± 0.21,2.70 ± 1.54, 1.14 ± 0.24).Plasma cortisol levels and ACTH levels at time points of 8:00,16:00 in the DM-D group were higher than the group D, DM group and NC group, while insulin sensitivity index(ISI) in the DM-D group was lower than the D group,DM group and NC group (-4.41 ±0.27 vs.-3.57±0.13,-3.92±0.60,-3.22±0.22) ,and the differences were significant (P＜0.05).The loss of normal diurnal rhythm of cortisol secretion were significantly more often inDM-D group than in D group and in DM group(77.1％ vs.50.0％ ,47.6％ ,P＜0.05).The multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that 8:00 Cor and ISI were the related factors for the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score(95％CI:2.355-3.867, -7.903-2.780,P＜0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of 8:00 Cor was significant risk factor of the T2DM patients with depression(OR=3.024,95％CI: 1.613-5.668,P=0.002).Conclusion The T2DM patients with depression have higher plasma cortisol level, more abnormal rhythm of cortisol secretion and higher level of insulin resistance.The high level of plasma corfisol maybe significantly related to depression in T2DM patients.

The research was carried out to establish HPLC fingerprints of Tibetan medicinal herb "Songdi" (Saxifraga umbellulata var. pectinata), and to provide reference for identification an quality control of it. It was performed on an Amethyst-C18-P (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column with the mobile phase of methanol-0.4% formic acid in a linear gradient mode at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The column temperature was 30 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The software for chromatographic fingerprint was applied to analyse the pattern analysis, the common peaks and similarity. Cluster analysis was done based on the common peaks data of 33 samples from different plant species and sources by SPSS software. Ten common chromatographic peaks were identified by fingerprint, showing a low similarity in constituent and variety. Flavonoids and saponins were the principal components. The number and area of peaks were affected by the collection sources and method. The high similarity are showed by the samples derived from the same area with high accuracy and high purity. The method is so simple, exclusive, stable and high repeatable that it can provide reference for identification and quality assessment of "Songdi" (S. umbellulata var. pectinata).
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Quality Control ; Saxifragaceae ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the value of cranial MRI on diagnosing nonalcoholic Wernickes encephalopathy (WE). Methods The clinical characters, cranial MRI features, and outcomes materials in six cases of nonalcoholic Wernickes encephalopathy were analyzed.Results Cranial MR and Flair imaging of the patients exhibited areas of increased T 2W and flair signals symmetrically surrounding the aqueduct and third ventricle and within the medial thalamus. One patient who became persistent vegetative state coexistenced increased T 2W and flair signal of the cortex. According to the follow-up results, the alterations of four patients in T 2W and Flair signals showed to resolve being consistent with the clinical recovery. One patient with persistent vegetative state had no change within two years of the follow-up.Conclusions Cranial MRI is of great value in diagnosing nonalcoholic Wernickes encephalopathy and reflects appropriately the pathological evolution of this disease.

Objective Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) can progress to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Now there are few effective drugs to treat NASH. The aims of this study was to investigate the efficacy of anetholtrithione in the prevention and treatment of NASH in rats induced by high-fat diet. To evaluate the weight,liver index, serum aminotransferase activity and histological features. Methods Sixty SD male rats were divided into six groups. The controlled group(n=10) were fed with normal diet; the NASH model group(n=10)were fed with high-fat diet; the anetholtrithione prevention groups were fed with high-fat diet, and anetholtrithione.The rest rats were fed with high-fat diet, and twelve weeks later they were divided into three groups further. They were anetholtrithione treatment group, diet group and anetholtrithione +diet group. The anetholtrithione treatment group was fed with high-fat diet and anetholtrithione, diet group was fed with normal diet, and anetholtrithione+diet group was fed with normal diet and anetholtrithione. Sixteen weeks later, all rats were sacrificed. Results The anetholtrithione treatment group, diet group and anetholtrithione +diet group had a beneficial effect on lowing weight, liver index, serum aminotransferase activity. A significant improvement in some histological features such as steatosis and inflammation were also observed. Conclusion Anetholtrithione and diet therapy are effective in ameliorating NASH in rats.

TFH was isolated from the fruits of Hippophae Rhamnoides L. A study was made cf the effects of TFH on the immune reaction in animals. TFH ( 5.0mg/kg? d-1 sc?6d)remarkably enhanced the pha-gocytic activity of peritoneal exudate macrophages. The content of lysozyme in mice ( TFH 2mg/kg?d-1 ip?7d) & serum complement in guinea pig also were remarkably elevated. TFH caused significant increases of quantitative hemolysin of SRBC ( QHS ) in normal mice. At the dose of 2mg/kg?d-1 ip?8d TFH increased the production of hemolysin serum and agglutinin in normal mice as well as in immunodepressed mice induced by cyclophosphamids. TFH ( 6.25-50mg/L) markedly enhanced Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation of mouse spleen cells in vitro. These results suggested that TFH had certain immunopotentiation in animals.