Adult ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; anatomy & histology ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

History and current situation of hospital preparation in our country and practical demands of pharmaceutical industry were analyzed. With the implementation of GMP in pharmaceutical industry and enhanced drug administration, lots of problems were exposed. The scale of hospital preparation was decreasing year by year, though it still stayed at a predominate position in hospital works currently.

Objectives To investigate fluoride in drinking waters and fluorosis status and evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride-reducing projects in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2007. Methods In the Shaanxi province-wide, the 10 endemic areas of fluorosis were chosen according to historical data as focusing areas for investigation. The village was considered as investigation spot, 5 water samples were collected from each village for investigating of fluoride content. Four water samples were collected from each fluoride-reducing project for evaluating its effectiveness. Fluoride concentrations in drinking water were measured by fluoride-selective electrode method or speetrophotometry. When fluoride content in drinking water was greater than 1.00 mg/L, the epidemical study wasd conducted to investigate fluorosis patients, focusing on investigating of dental fluorosis prevalence in 8 to 12-year-old children and skeletal fluorosis prevalence in adults. Dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed by using Dean's method, and adult skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to National Standard for Clinical Diagnosis of Endemic Skeletal Fiuorosis(GB 16396-1996). Results The fluoride content in drinking water from 6390 villages was measured. The fluoride content of drinking water of 2619 villages ranged from 1.0 to<2.0 mg/L, where 1 654 998 people exposed. Additionally, the fluoride content of water of 845 villages ranged from 2.0 to<4.0 mg/L, where 355 623 people exposed. Moreover, the fluoride contents of water of 272 villages exceeded 4.0 mg/L, where 111 466 people exposed. The median of fluoride content in drinking water was 1.15% in the whole province, and fluoride content in drinking water exceeded 1.00 mg/L in Weinan, Xianyang and Yulin where were concentrated distribution areas of high fluoride water. Among 3115 fluoride-reducing projects, the fluoride content of drinking water of 1269 projects ranged from 1.0 to<2.0 mg/L, where 1 415 877 people exposed. Additionally, the fluoride content of drinking water of 120 projects ranged from 2.0 to<4.0 mg/L, where 43 888 people exposed. Moreover, the fluoride content of drinking water of 14 projects exceeded 4.0 mg/L, where 5960 people exposed. The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of 8 to 12 year-old children and skeletal fluorosis of adults reached 37.4%(16 489/44 081) and 5.1%(15 877/310 993), respectively. Conclusions The widely distribution of high-fluoride in drinking water still contributes to the prevalence of fluorosis in Shaanxi Province. The quality of fluoride-reducing projects should be further improved.

Objective　To study the effects of glucose and lipid metabolism on gallstone formation. Methods　Twenty five patients with gallstones and 25 normal volunteer controls were studied from January to April in 1998. The patients were well matched the control with sex and age (1∶1). In the study, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-to-Hip circumference ratio (W/H) were measured. Blood glucose, glucosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin, C peptide and all parameters of lipids were detected at fasting state. The glucose,insulin, C peptide were detected again at 2-hour after taking 75g glucose orally. Results　The result showed there was no difference on BMI and W/H between the patients and controls. HbA1C、mean fasting and 2-hour glucose concentration were not in significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05, P>0.2, P>0.1 respectively). There were 10 patients with abnormal glucose metabolism (7 with NIDDM, 3 with IGT), but only 4 controls were abnoumal (one with NIDDM, three with IGT). The difference was significant (P<0.05). Furthermore, the mean fasting and 2-hour insulin concentration of gallstone group was higher than that of the control (P<0.02, P<0.05). And the gallstone group had a higher fasting C peptide concentration than control (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference on the parameters of plasma lipid between the tow groups. Conclusion　The study suggests that diabetes mellious and hyperinsulinemia acted as an important role on gallstone formation.

Aim To observe the effect of recombinant human interferon and verazole used alone or in combination in resisting respiratory synthesis virus (RSV) in vitro. Methods RSV strains were proliferated with Hela cells in Eagles solution on a 96 hole plate. The recombinant human interferon and virazole were diluted to different concentrations and were separately added in the dose of 100 ?l to each hole of the plate. After 48 hours cultured, the concentrations of the drugs for inhibiting cytopathogenic effect(CPE)of RSV were determined. Results When the concentration of interferon was ≥5 U?ml -1 and virazlole ≥24 ?g?ml -1 ,respectively,the effect of the two drugs on inhibiting the CPE of RSV was remarkable and was improved with their concentration increasing .When the concentrations of the two drugs were lower than that of their effect respectively , their united use also had obvious effect in resisting the virus. In addition, the different using methods of interferon have also different results. Conclusion Both recombinant human interferon and virazole are effective in inhibiting RSV in vitro and will bring about better effect when used in combination.

Objective To investigate the neural mechanism of inhibitory control in sensation seeking by using the event-related potential(ERP) technique. Methods High and low sensation seekers( 16 people in each group ), who were selected according to their sensation seeking scores, performed a Go/Nogo task in which the stimuli possessed two levels of difficulty. Electro- encephalogram(EEG) signals were recorded continuously by a set of 32 Ag/AgCI electrodes. Results For two types of stimuli ( Congruent, Incongruent) :( 1 )The amplitude(FCZ) of Nogo N2 and Nogo P3 were( (1.61 ±4.25)μV,(-2.32±4.55)μV)and((16.44±5.74)μV,(17.00±5.71)μV). (2)There was no significant main effects of group for the Nogo N2 amplitude( F (1.30) =0.31, P=0. 59,η2=0. 01;F(1.30) =0.07,P=0.80,η2=0.002) ,the N2d amplitude( F(1.30) =1.18,P=0.29,η2=0.04;F(1.30) =0.004, P=0.95, η2 ＜ 0.001 ) ,the Nogo P3 amplitude( F (1.30) =0.13, P=0.72, η2 =0.004;F(1.30)=0.28, P=0.60, η2 =0.009) and the P3d amplitude( F(1.30) =0.08, P=0.50, η2 =0.02; F (1.30) =0.56,P=0.46, η2 =0.02). (3)Neither of main effects for the N2 and P3 latency was significant (P＞0.05). Conclusion The inhibitory control is similar across high and low sensation seeking groups,indicating that there is no relationship between the sensation seeking behaviors and the individual inhibitory control.

Objective To assess Bard3DMax Mesh pre-formed Knitted Polypropylene tension free hernia repair under local anesthesia. Methods Bard 3DMax Mesh was used for inguinal hernia repair in 30 cases under local anesthesia at our department. Results Hernia was successfully repaired in all cases using Bard 3DMax Mesh from the myopectineal orifice through anterior approach under local anesthesia.The mean operation time was (63.1 ± 2.6) min.All cases were able to drink and eat immediately after surgery,there was no postoperative urinary retention.Postoperative pain-free or mild pain was reported in 23 cases,moderate pain in 6,severe pain in only one.Wound healed by first intention in all 30 cases.Two cases suffered from subcutaneous ecchymosis,a seroma above the patch was observed in 2 cases.A inner thigh numb was complained in one case,which subsided 4 months later.Three patients complained below groin area foreign body sensation which disappeared after 1 -5 months. All patients recovered well without recurrence at a mean follow-up of ( 11 ± 7) months. Conclusions Bard 3DMax Mesh tension free inguinal hernia repairing the myopectineal orifice through anterior approach under local anesthesia is safe,and less traumatic.It also helps establish intraoperative diagnosis of combined and occult hernia.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of long pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of onychomycosis.Methods Thirty-five patients with onychomycosis were treated by long pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm,power of 30-40 J/cm2,pulse width of 35 milliseconds,diameter of light spot of 4 mm.One treatment session included 4 times of irradiation at an interval of 2 minutes.Patients were treated once a week for 4 weeks followed by once a month for 6 months.Clinical and mycological efficacy was evaluated 9 months after the beginning of treatment.Side effects were recorded and analyzed.Nails were divided into various groups according to causative fungal species,clinical phenotypes,and distribution of affected nails.Data were processed by using SPSS 17.0 software.Chi-square test was performed to compare the response and recurrence rate between these groups.Results A total of 79 nails were treated by long pulsed Nd:YAG laser in this study.At 9 months after the first treatment,clinical response was observed in 67.1％ of these nails,mycological response in 73.4％,and recurrence in 19.0％.The Trichophyton rubrum group showed a better clinical (x2 =10.913,P ＜ 0.05) and mycological response (x2=13.532,P ＜ 0.05),but a lower recurrence/reinfection rate (x2 =10.980,P ＜ 0.05) compared with the other-species group.No significant difference was observed between the Trichophyton rubrum group and Candida albicans group in the clinical and mycological response rate or recurrence/reinfection rate.The clinical response in the distal lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) group was significantly poorer than that in the white superficial onychomycosis (WSO) group (x2 =11.935,P ＜ 0.05),but better than that in the proximal subungual onychomycosis (PSO)/total dystrophic onychomycosis (TDO) group (x2 =17.515,P ＜ 0.05).Increased clinical response rate was observed in the second-fifth finger nail group compared with the thumb nail/second-fifth toe nail group (x2 =13.437,P ＜ 0.05)and hallux nail group (x2 =10.595,P＜ 0.05),while no statistical difference was observed in clinical response rate between the hallux nail group and thumb nail/second-fifth toe nail group (x2 =3.030,P＞ 0.05),or in mycological response rate or recurrence/reinfection rate among the second-fifth finger nail group,thumb nail/second-fifth toe nail group and hallux nail group.There was no obvious adverse reaction but pain during the treatment.Conclusions Long pulsed Nd:YAG laser appears to be an effective and safe approach to the treatment of onychomycosis,and the treatment outcome is affected by clinical types,location,and causative fungal species of onychomycosis.

Pancreatic acinar cells synthesize pancreatic lipase related protein 1 (PLRPl), which has a high degree of sequence and structural homology with pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL). PTL is required for efficient dietary triglyceride digestion, while the physiological role of PLRPl has not been elucidated, although some investigations have shown that its expression level is changed under some physiological or pathological conditions. Specific antigenic peptides were fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) and purified recombinant fusion protein was used to generate polyclonal antisera by immunization of rabbits. The antisera could detect the antigen as low as 0.6 ng and PLRPI protein in 3 μg of mouse pancreatic juice extracts. The high specificity was verified in Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis by using PLRPl knockout (KO) mice as the control. Furthermore, it was showed that food intake could increase the exocrine secretion of PLRPl into pancreatic juice. This implied that PLRPl may fulfill dietary digestion function in the digestion track.

Objective To explere the curative effects of L-carnitine on neonates with myocardial injury caused by asphyxia.Methods Ninety-one neonates with myocardial injury caused by asphyxia were randomly divided into L-carnitine treatment group(48 cases) and control group(43 cases).The patients in control group were received routine treatment;the patients in treatment group were given L-carnitine 0.1 g/(kg?d) on the basis of routine treatment for 10 days.Symptoms and physical signs were observed pretreatment and during the time of therapy.Before and after the treatment,serum MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase(CK-MB) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were mea-sured with immunosuppression and enzyme rate respectively,and serum albumin and prealbumin were detected with the method of bromcresol green chromatometry and immunoturbidimetry,respectively.Results Clinical effective rate of the treatment group(91.67%)was higher than that of control group(74.42%)(P