ObjectiveTo study the application of glucose descriptive chart in monitoring of stress hyperglycemia,and provide continuous,dynamic change of blood glucose levels for clinic. Methods80 patients with stress hyperglycemia who adopted intensive insulin therapy were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 40 cases in each group.The experimental group used glucose descriptive charts to record blool glucose,the control group used the traditional registration form to record blood glucose.The incidence of hypoglycemia and evaluation of medical staff for the glucose descriptive chart were compared between two groups. ResultsThe incidence of hypoglycemia in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group.The medical staff considered that glucose descriptive chart helped understand the dynamic change of blood glucose,and provided a more comprehensive basis for regulating the use of insulin. ConclusionsApplication of glucose descriptive chart in monitoring of stress hyperglycemia can provide continuous and dynamic change of blood glucose,which facilitates the medical staff to monitor the blood glucose and decrease the incidence of hypoglycemia.

Objective:Through reading a lot of literature on the critical path planning of FDA, analyzed the contribution and shortage of the critical path plan to China's medical device market access system.Methods: To analyze the critical path planning of FDA by using the method of literature review.Results: China should reference the critical path plan, reform the existing medical instrument market access system, improve the efficiency, simplify the procedure and promote the safety and development of the product.Conclusion: The research on the critical path planning of FDA is very important for the construction of China's modern medical device market access path.

OBJECTIVE: The fermentation process for the metabolic engineered recombinant bacteria with methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene was optimized to improve L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate accumulation in the engineering bacteria. METHODS: Single- factor and orthogonal experiments were employed to investigate the optimum fermentation process of the bacteria. RESULTS: The optimum fermentation process of the bacteria was as following: sucrose was 3%, yeast extract was 1.0%, inorganic salts were NaCl-K2HPO4-MgSO4 = 1.26%:0.42%:0.02%, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate was 1.0%, inoculum amount was 5%, initial pH value was 7.5, induction time point was 2.5 h, inducer concentration was 1.4 mmol·L-1, incubation temperature was 37°C, induction duration was 6 h, addition degree of inducer was 2. Under the optimum fermentation process, the optimization results were as following: the bacteria amount had a 36.4% enhancement, the specific activity of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 46.8%, the L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate accumulation 66.1%, comparing with the original fermentation process. CONCLUSION: The research work provides experimental evidence for amplifying of the bacteria in agitating fermentor.

We review the proceedings on the methods of how the aromatase inhibitor maintains its function, the recently developed drugs and the progress in the field of endocrine therapy for human breast cancer

Objective:To investigate the relationship between N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG-1) gene expression and the progression and metastasis of uterine cervical squamous cell carcinoma (UCSCC). Methods: NDRG-1 protein expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 42 cases of UCSCC, 30 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), 28 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 20 cases of normal squamous epithelium. NDRG-1 mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 10 cases of UCSCC and 10 cases of normal squamous epithelium. Results: The expressions of NDRG-1 mRNA and protein in UCSCC were significantly lower than normal squamous epithelium tissues (P < 0.01). From normal squamous epithelium to LSIL, HSIL and UCSCC, NDRG1 protein was gradually decreased during tumor carcinogenesis. The difference was significant (P < 0.01). NDRG-1 mRNA and protein in metastatic UCSCC were obviously lower than non metastatic UCSCC (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Down-regulation of NDRG1 mRNA and protein in UCSCC indicate that NDRG1 gene might correlate with carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis of cervical squamous carcinoma.

Objective To prospectively evaluate the risk factors for the decline of residual renal function (RRF) in new peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods A total of 84 new PD patients in our PD center were included in this study.Clinical comprehensive assessment were made,and regression models was established to analyze the relationship between the decline of RRF and clinical indicators,which included the rate of peritonitis,systolic pressure,diastolic pressure,urine volume,24 h urinary protein,serum albumin,C-reactive protein(CRP),history of diabetes mellitus,and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) drugs,cardiac functional grading,sodium and water retention and biochemical indicators.The primary outcome was defined as two consecutive urine volume ≤ 100 ml/24 h.Results The mean follow-up time was (11.7± 1.1) months,primary outcome occurred in 20 patients,accounting for 23.8％,and their average period progressed to the primary outcome was (10.5±2.0) months.The 20 patients had higher ultrafiltration volume [(551.6±328.2) ml vs (294.1±288.0) ml,P=0.001],higher systolic blood pressure [(145.2±16.5) mmHg vs (136.0±13.8) mmHg,P=0.016],worse cardiac functional grading [(1.7±0.8) vs (1.3±0.4),P=0.000],more serious water-sodium retention [(1.0±0.7) vs (0.6±0.5),P=0.012],higher peritonitis rates (35.0％ vs 4.7％,P=0.000),lower Kt/V [(1.7 ± 0.4) vs (2.0 ± 0.3),P=0.003],lower hemoglobin levels [(89.0± 14.9) g/L vs (99.5± 17.8) g/L,P=0.020],higher C-reactive protein levels [(19.4±34.4) mg/L vs(8.7±12.6) mg/L,P=0.017],higher Scr levels [(1 004.6±291.1) μmol/L vs (753.1±254.3) μ mol/L,P=0.000],lower serum calcium levels[(1.86±0.1) mmol/UL vs (2.02±0.2) mmol/L,P=0.000],higher serum phosphorus [(2.1±0.6) mmol/L vs (1.6±0.4) mmol/L,P=0.001] and higher calcium phosphorus product [(3.8±1.1) mmol2/L2 vs (3.1±0.8) mmol2/L2,P=0.010] as compared with those of the patients without the primary outcome.Based on the results of multivariable Cox regression analysis,ultrafiltration volume,cardiac functional grading,peritonitis,Kt/V and serum phosphorus level contributed to the decline of RRF significantly.Conclusion The higher Kt/V in PD patients plays a protective role,the higher ultrafiltration volume,the worse heart function,the more peritonitis rate and higher serum phosphorus predict more rapid declination of RRF.

Objective To compare sensitivity and specificity of the acute physiology,age,and chronic health evaluation system Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ),the acute physiology,age,and chronic health evaluation system Ⅲ (APACHE Ⅲ) system in predicting prognosis after cardiac operation.Methods A prospective study of 1 180 consecutive patients entering in a single cardiac postoperative intensive care unit of Anzhen hospital was assigned between November 2013 to January 2014.APACHE Ⅱ and APACHE Ⅲscore was calculated daily at least three days or until death,then compared the calibration and discrimination of the two different system using Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve.Results In discrimination analysis,ROC value of the first day after operation was(APACHE Ⅱ 0.699 、APACHE Ⅲ 0.734),ROC of the maximum(APACHE Ⅱ 0.836,APACHE Ⅲ 0.862),ROC of the maximum during the first 3 days(APACHE Ⅱ 0.814、APACHE Ⅲ 0.855),ROC of the change between the third day and the first day(APACHE Ⅱ 0.524 、APACHE Ⅲ 0.549).In calibration analysis,we compared the x2 value and overall corrected percentage of the first day value,the maximum value,the maximum value during the first 3 days,the change value between the third day and the first day of the three different system.x2 value of APACHE Ⅱ was(15.688,10.132,8.061,42.253),x2 value ofAPACHE Ⅲ was(13.608,11.196,19.310,47.576).Conclusion APACHE Ⅲ was better than APACHE Ⅱ in prediction of death risk after cardiac surgery.

Primary liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive system.Most patients are in the advanced stage when a con-firmed diagnosis has been made,and prognosis is often unfavorable.Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)has unique advantages in the pre-vention and treatment of primary liver cancer.This article briefly introduces the etiology and pathogenesis of primary liver cancer,as well as syndrome differentiation and treatment of liver cancer with TCM,and summarizes the advances in multimodality therapies including TCM combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization,radical surgery for liver cancer,chemoradiotherapy,and molecular-targeted thera-py,in order to provide a reference for the clinical treatment and improvement in the prognosis of primary liver cancer.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)and glycated albumin(GA) in hyperglycemia patients with liver cirrhosis (LCH).Methods One hundred LCH patients were divided into anemia and no-anemia group by Hb 110 g/L The no-anemia group was further divided into low albumin (serum albumin ＜ 30 g/L),and high albumin group (serum albumin 30-＜40 g/L).One hundred type 2 diabetes without liver cirrhosis were included as control group (T2DM).HbA1c,GA,fasting plasma glucose (FPG),postprandial 2h plasma glucose (2hPG) were collected for statistical analysis.Results (1) The HbA1c level in LCH with anemia tended lower than that in T2DM subjects [(6.76 ±2.20)％ vs (7.34 ± 1.23)％,P =0.06];though the level of GA [(19.10 ±7.47)％vs (16.68 ±2.90)％,P＜0.01] and 2hPG [(12.09 ±3.39) mmol/L vs (10.84 ±2.95) mmol/L,P＜0.05] were significantly higher than that in T2DM group.(2) No-anemia subjects in LCH group with albumin ＜ 30 g/L had obviously higher GA levels than those with albumin 30-＜ 40 g/L and T2DM (albumin≥40 g/L) [(18.79 ±2.28)％ vs (16.71 ±2.42)％ and (16.73 ±2.96)％,P＜0.01];though the level of HbA1c of three groups above has no significant difference.(3) The level of HbA1c between LCH without anemia group and T2DM group had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);and the level of GA between LCH without anemia group with albumin 30-＜ 40 g/L and T2DM group had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).(4) The HbA1c has a positive correlation with FPG and 2hPG in LCH (FPG∶r =0.45,P＜0.001;2hPG∶r =0.33,P=0.001) and T2DM subjects (FPG∶ r =0.76,P＜0.001;2hPG∶r =0.81,P ＜ 0.001).GA also has a positive correlation with FPG and 2hPG in LCH (FPG∶ r =0.48,P ＜0.001;2hPG:r=0.39,P ＜0.001) and T2DM subjects (FPG∶ r =0.74,P ＜0.001;2hPG∶ r =0.76,P ＜0.001).Conclusion It is unfavorable to use HbA1c to evaluate the blood glucose level in liver cirrhosis patients with Hb ＜ 110 g/L and to use GA in patients with serum albumin ＜ 30 g/L.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum ferritin level(SF),serum iron(SI) level in patients with chronic hepatitic B.Methods SF was measured by radioimmunoassay,serum iron was measured through atomic absorption spectrometry.Results Chronic HBV infectors mostly had high level of SF and SI,with severity of illness state increasing,especially in the group of severe hepatitis.The levels of SF and SI correlated with HBV duplication to a certain extent and specifically SF and SI increased with the increase of virus duplication.However,it had no statistical significance.Among the sufferers of hepatocirrhosis,numerical values of SF and SI turned to increase with the rank of Child-Pugh(A,B and C) and SF had the correlation with LN(the index of hepatic fibrosis).Patients of hepatocirrhosis with a high SF level had higher frequency of complications occurrence and reoccurrence,the clinical post-cure effects were worse.Conclusion SF and SI can be reference index in forecasting the degree of disease state,hepatic fibrosis and clinical post-cure.