The international Non-governmental Organizations ( NGOs) have been playing an important role in the field of global health, which also represents a channel for countries' international experience. This research fo-cuses on the role of NGOs in global health, their governance tools, global health program management experience, and current status of development for Chinese NGOs. In light of international experiences, we suggest the Chinese government to support a few top NGOs to engage intensely in global health, build management and cooperation mechanism with NGO which will be considered as important complemertary role. The Chinese government shonld implement “major support and comprehensive improvement” strategy.

In recent years, Chinese medicine preparations have been applied in clinic increasingly with the development of tradi-tional Chinese medicine ( TCM) . Meanwhile, TCM-induced diseases and adverse reactions have attracted more and more attention. In the study, the main symptoms and etiological factors of TCM-induced diseases were summarized, and relative control methods and strat-egies were suggested. The summarization can provide theoretical support for clinical rational drug use, which shows clinical significance and scientific value for preventing TCM-induced diseases and reducing the frequency and severity of the diseases.

In recent years,there has been increasing evidence that microcirculatory disturbance,including vasoconstriction,shunting,inad-equate perfusion,increased blood viscosity,and coagulation,is closely associated with the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (AP).These processes may be exacerbated by ischaemia-reperfusion injury and the generation of oxygen radicals.The anatomical features of pancreatic microcirculation,the pathophysiological mechanism of pancreatic microcirculation disturbance and related inflammatory mediators,and pro-gress in the treatment of microcirculatory disturbance in AP are reviewed.It is suggested that the pancreatic and systemic microcirculation may play a key role in the development and progression of AP.

After introduction into Chinese academy, and in the application in health care domain, the usage ofmotivation and related concepts has been changed. The changes were partly due to pragmatic utility, and caused confusion in the application of motivation theory in Chinese human resource for health. Both English and Chinese lit-erature was reviewed and systematic literature review was applied. We analyzed the different definitions of motiva-tion in English, and how they were used and understand in Chinese academia in history. Motivation was divided into three Chinese concepts, representing the process of motivation, inner driver of motivation and psychological state of being motivated. The other usage changes include willful exchange ofincentive andmotivation;motivationbeing used more as a means to motivate than a motivational process;the result of motivation as an aroused psychologi-cal state not seriously defined. Systematic literature review revealed the distribution of various motivation topics in Chinese literature and supported the abovementioned arguments. These changes of usage could cause barriers to re-search of human resource for health in China. It is recommended that usage ofmotivation should be clarified in ac-ademia in China and the process of motivation rather than motivation as a managerial means deserves more attention.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopic myomectomy.Methods According to the digital table method,75 myoma patients were divided into the study group (42 cases received laparoscopic myomectomy) and the control group(33 cases received transabdonmial myomectomy).The operation time,the time of intestinal function recovery,the amount of bleeding and the postoperative hospital stay time of the two groups were recorded and compared.Results The amount of bleeding,the time of intestinal function recovery and the postoperative hospital stay time of the study group were (111.50 ± 19.38) ml,(17.76 ± 3.64),(4.95 ± 0.54) d,respectively,which were significantly less than those of the control group [(131.15 ± 27.85) ml,(31.64 ± 5.70) h,(7.12± 1.08)d] (t =3.60,12.81,11.35,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Laparoscopic myomectomy has the advantages of less trauma,quicker recovery,shorter hospitalization time etc,so it is worthy of promotion and application in clinic.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and evaluate the effects of intact-bridge tympanoplasty using auricular cartilage in treating chronic otitis media. METHODS A retrospective review of 86 cases undergoing an intact-bridge tympanomastoidectomywas performed from July,2013 to May,2016.The auricular cartilage was placed on the attic and tympanic antrum entrance to reconstruct the attic. RESULTS The outcome of dry ear and well-epithelialized mastoid cavities was achieved after 4-6 weeks. After 6-month follow-up no recurrence occurred. The pure-tone average threshold improved by (25.4±6.3) dB HL after operation,and the mean air bone gap was elevated. CONCLUSION On the basis of combination of closed and open techniques,the IBM technique is a optimal cure strategy for chronic otitis media,which can not only remove the pathological changes thoroughly to prevent disease recurrence but also maximally improve the hearing of the diseased ear.The closure of attic with auricular cartilage can ensure the space of the ossicular chain.

AIM:To investigate the protective effect of hyperoside (Hyp) on Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia (MPP) mice and the underlying regulatory mechanism.METHODS:BALB/c mice (n=40) were randomly divided into control group, model group, low-dose (12.5 mg/kg) Hyp group and high-dose (50 mg/kg) Hyp group.The MPP model was established using MP standard strains (MPFH) through nasal dripping.The treatment started on the second day, and the follow-up experiments were performed after 3 d.The lung histopathology were detected by HE staining.The levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in the serum, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the lung tissues were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer.ELISA and Western blot were used to detect interleukine-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in the serum and lung tissues, respectively.The expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 at mRNA and protein levels was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the inflammation and alveolar interstitial widening were observed in the lung tissues of model mice, and the CRP, ALT, AST, LDH and CK-MB levels were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05).The ROS level was increased, while SOD and GSH levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05).The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α were markedly up-regulated (P<0.05).The protein expression of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 was also obviously increased (P<0.05) in model group.Compared with model group, the symptoms above were significantly relieved in Hyp group, and the effect of high-dose Hyp was more apparent than that of the low-dose one.CONCLUSION:Hyperoside suppresses the injury in MPP mice, which may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Objective To observe the efficacy of acupuncture plus medication in treating diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) due to liver depression and spleen deficiency, and its effect on serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin (ET). Method Sixty IBS-D (liver depression and spleen deficiency) were recruited and randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases each. Patients in the observation group were intervened by acupuncture plus modified Bai Zhu Shao Yao powder, while the control group was intervened by acupuncture alone. The total effective rate, change of syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and diarrhea-irritable bowel syndrome quality of life scale (IBS-QOL), as well as the levels of serum 5-HT, CGRP and ET, were observed. Result The total effective rate was 83.3% in the observation group, significantlyhigher than 63.3% in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in comparing the global and component TCM symptoms scores and IBS-QOL between the two groups before the treatment (P>0.05). The global and component TCM symptoms scores and IBS-QOL dropped significantly in both groups after the intervention (P<0.05). The global TCM symptoms score and IBS-QOL in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after the intervention and 3 months after the intervention (P<0.05); the component TCM symptoms scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after the intervention (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in comparing the serum 5-HT, CGRP and ET levels between the two groups (P>0.05) before the treatment. The levels of 5-HT, CGRP and ET decreased significantly after the treatment in both groups (P<0.05); after the intervention, the levels of 5-HT, CGRP and ET in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus medication can effectively mitigate the symptoms in IBS-D (liver depression and spleen deficiency) and enhance the quality of life, which is possibly achieved by down-regulating the serum 5-HT, CGRP and ET levels.

Objective: To summarize the main characteristics of clinical studies regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) registered on the Chinese and US NIH Official Clinical Trial Registration Websites. Methods: To search all the clinical studies about COVID-19 which were registered on the Chinese and U.S. NIH official clinical trial registration websites until March 9, 2020. The search terms were "new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), 2019-nCoV, novel coronavirus pneumonia". Results: Overall, 360 studies with a total sample size of 268, 773 participants are registered on Chinese clinical trial registration website, and 74 studies with a total sample size of 73, 723 participants in the U.S. NIH clinical trial registration website. According to the information provided by the Chinese Clinical Trial Registration Website, there are 237 interventional studies, 108 observational studies, and 15 diagnostic test studies; and the most commonly studied interventions were Traditional Chinese Medicine in 80 studies, antiviral therapy in 58 studies, stem cells in 19 studies, plasma of recovered patients in 13 studies, glucocorticoid in 7 studies, molecular targeted therapy in 4 studies, and vaccine in 2 studies. According to the information provided by the U.S. NIH Clinical Trial Registration Website, there were 54 interventional studies, 17 observational studies, and 3 diagnostic test studies; and the most commonly studied interventions were antiviral therapy in 16 studies, stem cells in 7 studies, Traditional Chinese Medicine in 6 studies, molecular targeted therapy in 3 studies, and vaccine in 3 studies. Conclusions Numerous clinical studies related to COVID-19 have been registered during a very short period. Among them, Traditional Chinese Medicine is the most commonly studied intervention, which suggests the Chinese characteristics in medical care. However, considering such a large sample size needed for these clinical studies, it is very important to ensure the enrollment of participants effectively and orderly in future.

Objective To compare the efficacy of alfentanil and remifentanil in minimizing the propofol injection pain. Methods A total of 175 adult female patients undergoing gynecological procedures with general anesthesia were randomly divided into four groups.Patients received alfentanil 1mg(2 mL,AL group,n=43),remifentanil 0.01 mg(2 mL,REM1 group,n=43),remifentanil 0.02 mg(2 mL,REM2 group,n=45) or normal saline(2 mL,control group,n=44) 30 seconds prior to propofol administration.Visual analogue scale(VAS) was employed to evaluate the subjective feelings of pain due to propofol injection,and adverse effects were recorded. Results One patient in REM2 group and one patient in control group were excluded due to difficulty in venous catheterization.The injection pain in AL group,REM1 group and REM2 group was significantly less severe than that in control group(P