Dextrocardia is formed by the disruption of the normal left-right (L-R) asymmetry of the thoracoabdominal organs.Asymmetric expression of Nodal,Pitx2,Cited2 have affected L-R asymmetry of vertebrate significantly,and generated dextrocardia,mesocardia,ectopia cordis,heterotaxy and so on.Dextrocardia is often accompanied by congenital cardiac malformation.Therefore,it is so difficult to be treated that it has poor prognosis.This paper reveiws the molecular mechanism and it's regulation of dextrocardia for proceeding the genetic diagnosis and early intervention of dextrocardia sequentially in order to improve the survival rate and life quality of patients.

Objective To compare three methods of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia in elderly patients with induction and recovery characteristics.Methods 100 patients undergoing urethral operation patients over 60 years were used to test.According to the different anesthesia methods,they were divided into propofol and propofol ( P-P) ,propofol,isoflurane,desflurane and propofol ( P-I)-( P-D) cases,each group in 25 cases,by ventani (1-2μg/kg IV) and propofol (1.0-2.0mg/kg IV) induced anesthesia respectively,and with 70% N2 O oxygen and injection of propofol [75-150μg/(kg· min)] or isoflurane[0.7%-1.2% of desflurane (breath) or breath 1%-4%] ,maintain anesthesia.After induction they were went on with laryngeal mask ventilation, maintain autonomous breathing.In the spinal anesthesia group(S),1.5 lidocaine ML were intrathecal injection by dissolved in 10%glucose. Results To compared with spinal anesthesia (9.3 ±3.4) min,propofol induced anesthesia method was relatively simple and induce faster (P<0.01).P-P,P-I and P-D group anesthesia induction time was (4.6 ±1.7)min,(4.7 ± 2.2)min and (3.8 ±1.4)min.In the induction period,patients in group S were higher aortic pressure and heart rate. 3 general anesthesia patients were similar to the time in induction of anesthesia,extubation and orientation patients in group S were lower(P<0.05),but the recovery was longer (P<0.01).The P-P and P-D group,Digit Symbol Sub-stitution Test( DSST) scores returned to baseline levels of time slightly shorter than that of group P-I.patients with dif-ferent methods of anesthesia had the same with postoperative nausea, somnolence, anxiety and coordination. Conclusion Induction and recovery time can be shortened in the elderly patients by using propofol and desflurane has no side effects.Therefore this method is suitable for elderly patients with transurethral operation using.

Objective: To introduce recent research progress in anti-diarrhea with single Chinese herb and its effective compo-nents. Methods:The references on anti-diarrhea with single Chinese herb and its effective components in recent years were reviewed and analyzed. Results:The researches on anti-diarrhea activity and possible mechanism of single Chinese herbs, such as Terminalia chebula Retz, Fructus mume, Radix Puerariae and Pulsatilla chinensis ( Bunge) Regel, were reviewed. Conclusion: At present, the researches on anti-diarrhoea with single Chinese herb and its effective components have made some progress, while further and wider researches are still needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Objective] To research professor Cai’s experience in treating stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). [Method] The paper expounds Professor Cai’s experience in treating stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by analyzing the etiology, pathology, summarizing the clinical thoughts and citing the typical case. [Result] Professor Cai emphasized therapies of strengthening body resistance,replenishing Qi,treating zang and fu together,activating blood,dredging collaterals, treating disease with the theory of Chinese medicine and modern medicine as well as applying the theory of preventive treatment of disease on preventing the exacerbation of COPD. Better clinical effects were acquired. [Conclusion] Professor Cai Wanru always grabs for the treatment of qi deficiency and phlegm, blood stasis of the disease.She is good at prescribing formula. Therefore the treating method has clinical value.

The abnormality of corneal development leads to congenital corneal endothelial dystrophy,Peter abnormality,Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and squamous cell epithelioma of ocular surface etc..The development of cornea experiences the different phases,such as induction,embryogenesis and maturation.In this procedure,cellular proliferation and differentiation are tightly regulated by signaling cascades.Some members of these signaling cascades have been identified in recent studies.By using embryo tissue and genetic manipulation techniques in the study of corneal development researchers reveal that a number of transcription factors such as Pax6,Kruppellike factor (KLF6),transforming growth factor β (TGF-β),TGF-α are expressed,and they play major roles in different stages of cornea development.This review summarizes the recent researching progress in the study of transduction pathway and factors during the development of the cornea.

Objective To study the psychological intervention of patients with schizophrenia using olanzapine treatment. Methods A total of 336 patients with schizophrenia from February 2015 to October 2016 were selected as the study subjects,randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group,each with 168 patients.Control group patients with olanzapine treatment,on the basis of the experimental group patients given psychological intervention,pay attention to the psychological state of the patients,strengthen the communication and exchanges with the patient,the treatment of patients with increased confidence and treatment compliance.The therapeutic effect of the experimental group and the control group was compared. Results After the corresponding treatment,7 patients in the experimental group showed a nursing dispute,which was 4.17％. In the control group, 46 patients had nursing disputes, accounting for 27.38％.However,the probability of nursing dispute in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group,with statistical difference(P<0.05).The effective number of patients in the experimental group was 168.The effective number of patients in the control group was 120,and the proportion was 71.43％,with statistical difference(P<0.05). Control patients satisfaction with nursing cases for 130 cases,38 cases of patients are not satisfied,70 patients were generally satisfied with,is satisfied with 60 patients,patient satisfaction and nursing satisfaction rate of 77.38％ significantly lower than that of the experimental group(100％),with statistical difference(P<0.05). Conclusion Psychological intervention with olanzapine in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia better clinical effect, can significantly improve the treatment efficiency,further promotion of clinical significance.

Objective To make the contrast analysis of concentrated training on clinical skill to college students before probation. Methods The students were devided into traning group (320pers) and contrast group (240pers), the training group undertook concentrated training on clinical skills before probation, while contrast group didn't. To make the contrast analyses on these two groups on medical record writing and to make questionnaire by those clinical teachers. Results The performance of traning group on medical record writing is higher than the contrast group (P<0.01) , and there also were significant difference in physical examination, medical record writing and comprehend capability. Conclusion The performance of clinical skills were elevated by concentrated training,and there were good teaching effects on the clinical teaching by the oncentrated clinical training.

[Objective]To study the method of multi-spiral CT(MSCT) 3D reconstruction technique assisting cervical pedicle screw fixation(PSF) and double-door laminoplasty in the treatment of multilevel degenerative stenosis with traumatic instability(MDSTI) of lower cervical spine.[Method]From September 2006 to August 2007,PSF combined with double-door laminoplasty were performed in 9 patients with MDSTI of lower cervical spine.MSCT 3D reconstruction techniques,including volume rendering(VR) and multi-planar reconstruction(MPR),were used to assist preoperative diagnosis,plan and measurement to guide procedure.Postoperative MPR was used again:through coronal format,the degree of screws perforation was measured precisely and the different positions of pedicle screws were divided into three grades according to Richter's method;through axial format,the increase in sagittal diameter and canal area of every laminoplasty level were measured precisely.A comparison between pre- and postoperative ASIA scores was used to present neural function recovery.[Result]Nine patients with MDSTI of lower cervical spine underwent PSF and total 44 screws.According to the classification of Richter,grade 1 were 72.7%(32/44),grade 2 were 27.3%(12/44).No screw perforation occurred(grade 3) and no screws revision resulted from misplacement.No iatrogenic damage occurred.Double-door laminoplasty was performed in total 42 volumes.The postoperative cervical spinal canal sagittal diameter and traverse area were significantly improved(P

Objective To assess the clinical value of procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH).Methods 32 patients withⅢandⅣhemorrhoids underwent PPH.Pain,bleeding prolapse and edema,1 day,7 days and 30 days after the procedure were investigated.Results Of the 32 patients,the average operating time was 8.20min.On the first day of the procedure,pain occurred in 9.3% and bleeding in 5.7%.But 30 days later,both pain and bleed- ing were relieved.The mean hospital stay after the procedure was(3.4?1.2)days,and the mean hospital cost was (7342.6?486.3)yuan.Retention of urine(68.8%)was the frequent complication,whose percentage was as high as 68.8%.Conclusion PPH is effective,safe,minimally invasive,and is the first choice to deal with severe hemor- rhoids.

Tumors are believed to consist of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells originating from rare cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, emerging evidence suggests that tumor may also originate from non-CSCs. To support this viewpoint, we are here to present definitive evidence indicating that the number of tumorigenic tumor cells is greater than that of CSCs in tumor, and tumor can also derive from non-CSCs. To achieve this, an idealized mathematical model was employed in the present study and theoretical calculation revealed that non-CSCs could initiate the occurrence of tumor if their proliferation potential was adequate. Further, experimental studies demonstrated that 17.7%, 38.6% and 5.2% of tumor cells in murine B16 solid melanoma, H22 hepatoma and Lewis lung carcinoma, respectively, were potentially tumorigenic. Thus, based on the aforementioned findings, we propose that the scarce CSCs, if exist, are not the sole source of a tumor.