In recent years,the clinical utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs)analysis from peripheral blood has undoubtedly become a popular topic in the field of precision medicine.CTCs analysis is a noninvasive,easily obtained and highly repeatable testing approach,and could be carried out in a real-time manner,which has never failed to surprise us with great progression in the detection of early disease,assessing prognosis,treatment response monitoring and individualized therapeutic direction in breast cancer.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; epidemiology ; Fatty Liver ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; epidemiology

Objective To study the effects of nicotine on GDNF and dopamine content in striatum of Parkinson's disease (PD) rats.Methods 6-OHDA was stereoscopically injected to right side of the mesencephic ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Nicotine of different dosages was intraperitoneally injected into PD rats.With biochemical,immunohistochemical techniques, we observed the changes of GDNF expression and dopamine content in striatum.Results Nicotine was intraperitoneally injected into PD rat models before or after the operation,striatum GDNF expression and DA content had significant improvement as compared with PD group (P

Objective:To prepare DEET-ethylcellulose microsphere(DEET-EC) and observe its properties to retard volatilization of DEET. Methods: DEET-EC was prepared with solvent evaporation method. DEET was dissolved in CH 2Cl 2 with EC served as dispersed phase and 1% PVA water solution as continuous phase. The dispersed phase was added into the continuous phase with stirring rate at 1 000 r/min. The stirring rate was changed into 600 r/min after 30 min, and was kept until CH 2Cl 2 was entirely volatilized. After being watered, precipitated and lyophilized for 12 h, DEET-EC was derived, and the shape was observed with electron microscope. The particle size distribution was detected in 500 microspheres with optical microscope. HPLC method was established to determine the embedding ratio and loaded ratio of DEET-EC microsphere. Chromatograph conditions: Diamonsil ODS column (150 mm?4.6 mm), CH 3OH∶H 2O=65∶35 as mobile phase at 1 ml/min, the detected wavelength 210 nm. Results: The DEET-EC was egg-white and had spherical shape. Almost 90% of the MS distributed in 30-70 ?m, while ( ar ) and ( v ) were 49.6 ?m and 51.2 ?m, respectively. The loading ratio was 18.7% and the embedding ratio was 56.1%(n=6). Conclusion: The solvent evaporation method is convenient and simple to prepare DEET-EC microsphere.

Objective To investigate the value of MRI for the preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer.Method 45 patients with breast mass were evaluated by MRI preoperatively, 17 cases were further inspected by dynamic MRI, and the time intensity curves were analyzed.Results Postoperative pathology revealed carcinoma in 24 cases, and benign lesions in 21. The correct preoperative diagnosis rate of MRI for breast cancer was 96%(23/24), and its false-positive rate was 2%(1/45).Conclusions MR imaging of breast has practical value in preoperative diagnosis for breast cancer.

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is an important endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). P2X7R is an ATP-gated cation channel. ATP-P2X7R plays a vital role in the pathophysiology of many diseases because P2X7R is distributed on various immune cells. ATP-P2X7R signal transduction pathway has been implicated to participate in the body's im-mune defense against pathogens. This paper reviews the recent progress regarding ATP-P2X7R and its effects on parasitic diseas-es.

Objective To evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for breast-conserving surgery. Methods In this study, 52 cases of breast cancer eligible for breast-conserving surgery judged by traditional screening methods from May 2004 to December 2007 were inspected preoperatively with MRI in order to detect the cases of muhicentric breast cancer. At the same time, tumor size and invasive extent was measured accurately with enhanced magnetic resonance sequence combined with fat-suppression to determine the minimally extent of the surgical excision required. Results In the 52 cases of breast cancer patients, 3 cases of multicentric breast cancer and 49 cases of single breast cancer were diagnosed by MRI ,there were 3 cases with extensive intraductal carcinoma in the cases of single breast cancer. The primary negative margin rate was 93.6% (44/47) in the 47 cases with breast-conserving surgery. Conclusions MRI has thesuperiority to detect the muhicentric disease and the extensive intraductal carcinoma of breast cancer.Therefore MRI is useful in determining the indication and the extent of surgical excision of breast-conservingsurgery.

Objective To discuss the causes and the prevention measures of the complications occurred after interventional therapy for different type of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS). Methods Based on the type of BCS, the corresponding interventional management was adopted in 204 patients with BCS. The interventional procedures included PTA and stent placement of inferior vena cava (IVC), percutaneous transhepatic recanalization and dilation (PTRD) of hepatic vein, percutaneous transjugular or transinferior vena cava recanalization, dilation and stent placement of hepatic vein and transjugular intrahepatic portal-systemic stenting shunt (TIPSS). Results The successful rate of interventional therapy was 95.5% (21 / 22) for type Ia, 81.8% (9 / 11) for type Ib, 97.3% (109 / 112) for type IIa, 92.9% (13 / 14) for type IIb, 88.9% (8 / 9) for type Ⅲa, 100% (2 / 2) type Ⅲb, 92% (23 / 25) for type Ⅳa and 88.9% (8 / 9) for type Ⅳb BCS. The main complications occurred during or after the operation included acute cardiac insufficiency (n = 2), pulmonary arterial embolization (n = 4), disseminated intravascular coagulation (n = 1), extravasation of contrast medium (n = 3), arrhythmia (n = 2), and cardiac tamponade (n = 1). Conclusion Interventional therapy is simple, safe and effective for the treatment of BCS, but its indications should be strictly considered and all kinds of effective prevention measures should be taken to avoid or to reduce the possible complications.

Objective To investigate the effect of 1, 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1, 25 (OH)2D3) on adipocyte differen-tiation and the underlying mechanism. Methods The mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 was randomly divided into 6 groups including control group, differentiation group and 4 different doses of 1, 25(OH)2D3 groups. The control group was treated with vehicle. The differentiation group was supplemented with adipocyte differentiation reagent. And the 1,25(OH)2D3 groups were treated with adipocyte differentiation reagents and 10-9, 10-8, 10-7 and 10-6 mol/L of 25(OH)2D3. After culturing for 5 days, the cells were stained with oil red O, and the expression levels of adipocyte-specific transcription factors and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related genes were examined by RT-PCR or Western blot methods. Results 1,25(OH)2D3 sig-nificantly reduced the number of differentiated adipocytes and blocked the mRNA levels of adipocyte specific transcription factor PPARγ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma), C/EBPα(CCAAT enhancer binding proteinα) and adipo-cyte characterization factor aP2 (fatty acid binding protein 4). These were paralleled by the decreased mRNA expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor sFRP1 (Secreted frizzled-related protein 1) and the increased level ofβ-catenin protein. Conclusion 1, 25(OH)2D3 inhibits adipocyte differentiation, which may be related to the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

Objective To investigate the changes of expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2,Bax and Fas of the transplantated hepatocytes after intraperitoneal transplantation in rats using porcine hepatocytes cultured with polylactic acid-O-carboxymethylated chitosan nanoparticles.Methods Recirculating collagenase perfusion method was used to isolate porcine hepatocytes.At 48h after D-galactosamine intraperitoneal injection,5 mL polylactic acid-O-carboxymethylated chitosan nanoparticles-cultured porcine hepatocytes embedded in collagen gel(group A) and 5 mL porcine hepatocytes embedded in collagen gel(group B) were transplanted into peritoneal cavity of SD rats,respectively.The amount of transplanted porcine hepatocytes was 5.0?107 hepatocytes in two groups.The expression of Bcl-2,Bax and Fas in transplanted hepatocytes three days after transplantation was detected with immunohistochemistry.Results At 1,2 and 3d after transplantation,the rates of Bcl-2 positive cells in group A was significant higher than those in group B,whereas the rates of Bax and Fas positive cells in group A were significant lower than those in group B(P