Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of aspartame in Xiaoer Anfen Huang Namin granule. Methods:An Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm)was used with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 05 mol·L -1 H3 PO4(20 ∶80). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml ·min -1 and the detection wavelength was 204 nm. The column temperature was 25℃ and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:Aspartame had a good linear relationship within the range of 21. 72- 868. 67 μg · ml -1(r = 1. 000 0). The average recovery of aspartame was 99. 36% and RSD was 0. 3% (n = 6). Conclusion:The method has good stability and repeatability,and is suitable for the quality control of Xiaoer Anfen Huang Namin granule.

Most anticancer drugs inhibit tumor cell growth by inducing apoptosis.Apoptosis-evasion,also enhancement of anti-apoptosis ability(e.g.anti-apoptosis related genes over-expression or pro-apoptotic related genes loss,etc.)may lead to tumor cell multidrug resistance.Many researches show that apoptosis-evasion is one of the important factors resulting in tumor multidrug resistance.

Vascular dementia is one of the common causes of cognitive impairment.Occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries, middle cerebral artery occlusion, as well as induced hypertension are major methods to make rat model for vascular dementia.The present review will summarize research progress in medical and non-medical treatment of vascular dementia rat models in order to provide theoretical direction for clinical practice.

Objective To explore the effects of early postnatal nutrition on adult-onset insulin resistance by an artificial nutrition intervention during the critical period. Methods On postnatal day 2, Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned randomly to overnutrition (SL), normonutrition (NL) and undernutrition (LL) via artificially adjusting the number of pups nursed per dam. Litter size was adjusted to 3 pups/dam, 10 pups/dam and 20 pups/dam for the SL, NL and LL groups, respectively. There were eight litters for each group. All the pups were nursed by their natural dams and fed with a standard rodent laboratory chow. The pups were weaned on postnatal day 21 and three male pups from each litter were separated. After that, all male rats were housed three per cage and fed standard chow until 16 weeks old. At 3 and 16 weeks, rats were killed after overnight fasting and blood was collected. Liver, gastrocnemius muscle and perirenal and epididymal fat pads were dissected and weighed to calculate relative mass after normalization for body weight. Physiological parameters, biochemical values and insulin resistance status, including serum insulin level, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), were dynamically monitored. Analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results (1) Before weaning, the body weights of SL rats were significantly heavier than NL rats after postnatal day 10, and weights of LL rats were significantly lower than NL rats after postnatal day 7. After weaning, body weights of SL rats still remained heavier and weights of LL rats continued to be lower than NL rats (P<0.05). (2) At 3 weeks, the weights of liver and perirenal and epididymal fat pads in SL rats were significantly heavier than NL rats, whereas LL rats were lower than NL rats (P<0.05). At 16 weeks, the weights of liver, epididymal fat pads and gastrocnemius muscle in SL rats were significantly heavier than NL rats. Meanwhile, the weights of all detected tissues in LL rats were lower than the NL group. The weights of epididymal fat pads after normalization for body weight in the SL group were heavier than the NL group (P<0.05). (3) At 3 weeks, the fasting serum glucose level of the SL group was significantly higher than the NL and LL groups [(7.77±1.10) vs (6.33±1.20) and (5.80±1.51) mmol/L, respectively, F=13.217, P<0.01]. At 16 weeks of age, the serum insulin level in SL rats significantly increased compared to NL and LL rats [(0.31±0.11) vs (0.16±0.08) and (0.14±0.11) ng/ml, respectively, F=5.369, P=0.017]. For HOMA-IR evaluation, the index was significantly lower in LL rats compared to NL and LL rats at 3 weeks of age [(0.09±0.01) vs (0.25±0.01) and (0.31±0.05), respectively, F=25.923, P=0.005]. At 16 weeks, the index was significantly elevated in SL rats compared to NL and LL rats [(1.77±0.53) vs (0.84±0.44) and (0.83±0.67), respectively, F=5.765, P=0.015]. Furthermore, IPGTT was performed in all groups at 14 weeks of age. SL rats had significantly higher serum glucose levels at 60 min and a significantly increased area under the curve when compared to NL and LL rats (all P<0.05). (4) Serum from 16 week old SL rats was found to contain significantly higher levels of albumin, triglycerides and free fatty acids compared to NL rats (all P<0.05). Conclusions Early postnatal overnutrition induces persistent overweight and visceral white adipose accumulation in rats, while early postnatal undernutrition show the opposite effects. Early postnatal overnutrition may lead to adult-onset insulin resistance in rats. Avoiding overnutrition during the early postnatal period, a critical window for growth and development, may prevent or decrease later metabolic risks.

AIM:To study the method of determing camphor, menthol, synthetic bornel and the wintergreen oil contents in Shexiang Zhunggu Plaster. METHODS: Gas phase chromatogram was used to determine contents of camphor, menthol, synthetic bornel and the wintergreen oil in Shexiang Zhuanggu Plaster. The chromatogram condition consisted of the capillary vessel column(PEG-20M, 30 m?0.32 mm?0.25 ?m). The temperature programing rose from 100 ?C to 130 ?C by 5 ?C /minute, then 30 ?C /minute to 200 ?C , lasting 2 minutes in the end. The temperature of the entrance of the capillary vessel column: at 220 ?C , temperature of the detector was 240 ?C ; N_2: 5 mL/minute, H_2: 45 mL/minute, Air: 450 mL/minute; sample quantity was 0.2 ?L. RESULTS: Under certain chromatogram condition, there was linear relation among the camphor, menthol, synthetic bornel and the wintergreen oil and the peak area in the scope of 0.027 38 mg/mL-0.438 08 mg/mL, 0.041 15 mg/mL-0.658 4 mg/mL, 0.033 38 mg/mL-0.534 1 mg/mL, 0.042 15 mg/mL-0.674 4 mg/mL, respectively. The average recoveries were 98.37%, 99.76%, 98.80% and 97.61%, respectively. RSD were 1.7%, 1.8%, 0.96% and 1.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This experiment provides an accurate and reliable method to control the quality of Shexiang Zhuanggu Plaster.

One of the key contents in tissue engineering trachea replacement research is the scaffold selection.This review summarizes the latest original literatures and investigations about electrospun technique as well as recent progress.To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of natural,synthetic and combined electrospun scaffolds,the versatility in material choosing and production methods is the unique superiority.For specific experimental or clinical objects,the further research is to choose a suitable polymer,to improve surface modification techniques and to control the dimension and arrangement of the fibrous structure of electrospun fibers,which can offer versatility and tissue specificity,and therefore provide a bright prospect for tissue engineering trachea.

Objective To explore the degree of cooperation and the effect of hemodynamics in preschool children who received preoperative use of dexmedetomidine.Methods One hundred preschool children who scheduled for lower abdominal operation were randomly divided into two groups,each 50patients.The treatment group was given bolus infusion dexmedetomidine 0.5 μ g/kg (20 ml),the control group was given bolus infusion 0.9％ sodium chloride 20 ml.They were completed in 20 min.The cooperation was assessed by induction compliance checklist (ICC) score,and the level of mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate(HR),pulse oxygen saturation(SpO2),end-tidal pressure of carbon dioxide(PnCO2) at monitoring ward before bolus infusion (T1),end of bolus infusion (T2),before induction (T3),after induction (T4),incised skin (T5) and end of operation (T6) were compared.Results The scores ofICC in treatment group was significantly lower than that in control group [(2.73 ± 0.12) scores vs.(6.17 ± 0.91) scores] (P ＜ 0.05).In treatment group,48 patients ICC score was 0,2 patients ICC score ＞5 scores,and in control group,there was 48,2 patients,there was significant difference(P ＜ 0.05).The level of MAP,HR at T1,T2,T4between two groups had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The level of MAP,HR at T3,T5,T6 in treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group(P ＜ 0.05).In control group,the level of MAP,HR at T3,T5,T6 were significantly higher than those at T1 (P ＜ 0.05).In treatment group,the level of MAP,HR at T2-T6 had no significant difference compared with T1 (P ＞ 0.05).The level of SpO2,PnCO2 between two groups and interclass had no significant difference (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Bolus infusion dexmedetomidine before operation can improve the induction of anesthesia and operation smoothly,and improve the patients early rehabilitation.

Objective To study the effect of tetracaine jelly on hemodynamics during extubation period in general anesthesia.Methods One hundred patients who performed tracheal cannula and general anesthesia were divided into control group (50 patients) and experiment group (50 patients) by random digits table method.Control group:sterile paraffin oil was applied to the endotracheal tube.Experiment group:tetracaine jelly was applied to the endotracheal tube.The systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate(HR) were measured before the anesthesia induction(T1),5 min after stopping infusion drugs (T2),1 min after tracheal extubation (T3),3 min after tracheal extubation (T4) and 5 min after tracheal extubation (T5) were observed.The resistant effect after waking and the number of sore throat,hoarseness were recorded.Results The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T1 and T2 had no significant difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The level of SBP,DBP,HR at T3-T5 in experiment group were significantly lower than those in control group [SBP:(122.3 ± 11.3),(120.0 ± 9.8),(112.0 ± 6.3) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(158.3 ± 15.0),(142.5 ± 13.5),(133.0± 14.5) mmHg;DBP:(75.0 ± 13.5),(75.8 ± 10.5),(58.3 ±4.2) mmHg vs.(111.0 ± 20.3),(106.5 ± 12.8),(63.8 ± 15.8) mmHg;HR:(81.9 ± 13.7),(83.6 ± 13.4),(60.7 ± 3.5) times/min vs.(113.5 ± 19.4),(117.5 ± 21.7),(71.8 ± 14.6) times/min](P ＜ 0.05).The total effective rate of tolerance in experiment group was higher than that in control group [96％(48/50) vs.56％(28/50)],the rate of sore throat and hoarseness were lower than those in control group [6％ (3/50) vs.48％ (24/50),4％ (2/50) vs.36％ (18/50)],there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tetracaine jelly can reduce the cardiovascular response of tracheal extubation,enhance the tolerance of tracheal tube and decrease the morbidity of sore throat and hoarseness.

Objective To enhance the cognition of the clinical and X-ray diagnosis of duodenum filled syndrome in children.Methods The clinical and X-ray features of duodenum filled syndrome cases in 78 cases were analysed.Results There were different degrees of obstruction in the horizontal segment of duodenum in all 78 cases.72 cases showed typical pressed strip tracks which were vertical and look like penhdders.The obstruction of duodenum was relaxed when the body position was changed in all cases but in 6 cases who with complications.Conclusion The symptoms of obstruction in duodenum filled syndrome can be relaxed when the patient’s position is in prone,lying on liftside and chest-knee situation.

Objective To study the antitumor effect of dendritic cell(DC) induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). Method CTL induced by DC extracorporeally, were co-cultured with Bxpc-3 cells, CTL activity was observed by counting the killing of Bxpc-3 cells in vitro. Nude mice with Bxpc-3 cell transplant tumors were treated by injection of CTL on the edge of tumors, and kinetics of tumor growth was recorded, RT-PCR-ELISA was used to determine the telomerase of transplant tumor. Result CTL activity was 71.6%. Thirty-one days after transplantation tumor size and telomerase activity were not statistically different among therapy group and control group, whereas after fifty-five days tumor size (38?6)mm 2 , and telomerase activity (1.33?0.03) in CTL group were statistically different from that of ( 74? 33)mm 2 and (4.16?0.32) in control group. ConclusionDC induced CTLs suppress the experimental pancreatic tumor growth, providing an evidence for clinical immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.