The theoretical system for medical knowledge transfer was studied by analyzing its main research researchers,bodies and contents presenting in different databases-covered papers on medical knowledge transfer from 2005 to 2015,which showed that the main researches on medical knowledge transfer are focused on individuals,teams,organizations and leagues,the main research bodies are doctors,nurses,medical and non-medical staff,patients and their mangers and educators,and the main research contents are the influencing factors and implementation mechanisms for medical knowledge transfer.Although foreign and domestic researches on medical knowledge transfer showed certain differences with some limitations,they are of great importance for perfecting its theoretical system and practical implementation.

Teaching of Introduction to information management is one of the important tasks for library and informa-tion subject and archive management subject. The leading teaching materials of Introduction to information manage‐ment used in China at present were listed, the contents in Introduction to information management were summa-rized, and the teaching models for the basic courses of informatics in University of Arizona and their enlightenments on teaching of such courses in China were analyzed with certain suggestions put forward for the teaching reform of Introduction to information management in China.

AIM:To study the method of determing camphor, menthol, synthetic bornel and the wintergreen oil contents in Shexiang Zhunggu Plaster. METHODS: Gas phase chromatogram was used to determine contents of camphor, menthol, synthetic bornel and the wintergreen oil in Shexiang Zhuanggu Plaster. The chromatogram condition consisted of the capillary vessel column(PEG-20M, 30 m?0.32 mm?0.25 ?m). The temperature programing rose from 100 ?C to 130 ?C by 5 ?C /minute, then 30 ?C /minute to 200 ?C , lasting 2 minutes in the end. The temperature of the entrance of the capillary vessel column: at 220 ?C , temperature of the detector was 240 ?C ; N_2: 5 mL/minute, H_2: 45 mL/minute, Air: 450 mL/minute; sample quantity was 0.2 ?L. RESULTS: Under certain chromatogram condition, there was linear relation among the camphor, menthol, synthetic bornel and the wintergreen oil and the peak area in the scope of 0.027 38 mg/mL-0.438 08 mg/mL, 0.041 15 mg/mL-0.658 4 mg/mL, 0.033 38 mg/mL-0.534 1 mg/mL, 0.042 15 mg/mL-0.674 4 mg/mL, respectively. The average recoveries were 98.37%, 99.76%, 98.80% and 97.61%, respectively. RSD were 1.7%, 1.8%, 0.96% and 1.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This experiment provides an accurate and reliable method to control the quality of Shexiang Zhuanggu Plaster.

ObjectiveTo investigate the change of serum vitamin D level in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) patients,and explore the role of vitamin D in the metabolic disturbance of T2DM and relationship with other metabolic indexes.MethodsBased on the diagnostic criteria of diabetes mellitus of the WHO (1999) and Asian adult obesity criterion established by International Obesity Special Work Group in 2002,32 patients were selected as T2DM group A[body mass index (BMI)≥25.00 kg/m2],and 38 patients were selected as T2DM group B(BMI ＜ 25.00 kg/m2).Thirty-three healthy subjects were selected as control group.The biochemical parameters of human were measured and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [ 25 (OH)D3] was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay.The statistic data were compared among three groups.ResultsThe levels of serum 25 (OH)D3 in T2DM group A,T2DM group B and control group were (20.59 ± 4.82 ),( 27.07 ± 5.73 ) and ( 32.27 ±: 8.49 ) μ g/L,and there were significant differences among three groups (P ＜ 0.05 ).The level of serum 25 (OH)D3 was (25.51 ± 6.12) μ g/L in T2DM patients with normal blood pressure (43 cases),(21.87 ± 5.78) μ g/L in T2DM patients with hypertension (27 cases),there was significant difference between the two patients ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The level of serum 25 ( OH ) D3 was (28.42 ± 5.20) pg/L in T2DM patients with normal blood lipids (8 cases),(23.55 ±6.15)μg/L in T2DM patients with dyslipidemia (62 cases),there was significant difference between the two patients (P＜ 0.05).The level of serum 25 (OH)D3 was negatively associated with weight,waistline,BMI,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,insulin resistance index,total cholesterol,triaeylglycerol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol(P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05 ),and had no significant association with parathyroid hormone,calcium,phosphorus,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and age (P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionThe level of serum vitamin D decrease in T2DM patients,especially remarkably in patients combined with obesity,hypertension and dyslipidemia.

Tumors are believed to consist of a heterogeneous population of tumor cells originating from rare cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, emerging evidence suggests that tumor may also originate from non-CSCs. To support this viewpoint, we are here to present definitive evidence indicating that the number of tumorigenic tumor cells is greater than that of CSCs in tumor, and tumor can also derive from non-CSCs. To achieve this, an idealized mathematical model was employed in the present study and theoretical calculation revealed that non-CSCs could initiate the occurrence of tumor if their proliferation potential was adequate. Further, experimental studies demonstrated that 17.7%, 38.6% and 5.2% of tumor cells in murine B16 solid melanoma, H22 hepatoma and Lewis lung carcinoma, respectively, were potentially tumorigenic. Thus, based on the aforementioned findings, we propose that the scarce CSCs, if exist, are not the sole source of a tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; therapy ; Salvage Therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal injection of siRNA targeting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on neuropathic pain and spinal cord levels of TLR4, IL-1β, and TNF-α in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10): the sham group (intrathecal normal saline, IT NS), CCI group (CCI+IT NS), mismatch siRNA group (CCI+IT mismatch siRNA), and siRNA-TLR4 group (CCI+IT siRNA-TLR4). The lumbar intrathecal catheters were implanted in rats and CCI models were established as previously described. The TLR4 siRNA were administered intrathecally for 7 days starting from 1 day before surgery. The spinal cord expression of TLR4 mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR. Levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in spinal cord were detected by ELISA. The thermal and mechanical nociceptive thresholds were assessed by paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to radiant heat and von Frey filaments. Results Compared with the sham group, animals in CCI group had significantly lower mechanical and thermal pain thresholds, higher expression of TLR4 mRNA and levels of IL-1β, TNF-α in the spinal cord (P<0.05). Rats in the siRNA-TLR4 group had significantly higher mechanical and thermal pain thresholds (at 1, 3, and 7 days after ligation, P<0.05) and significantly lower expression of TLR4 mRNA and levels of IL-1β, TNF-α in the spinal cord compared with those in the CCI group and mismatch siRNA group(P<0.05). Conclusion Intrathecal injection of siRNA-TLR4 can decrease the levels of inflammatory factors by silencing the TLR4 in the spinal cord of rats, and subsequently relieve the neuropathic pain induced by CCI.

Objective: To reconstruct a three-dimensional model of the human thoracic aorta, so as to numerically simulate and study the pulsating blood flow in human thoracic aorta. Methods: A three-dimensional reconstruction of the human thoracic aorta arch was obtained using CT scan imaging on a human aorta by Mimics, a software for image processing. The numerical simulations were obtained based on the principle of computational fluid mechanics and hemodynamics. Results: The distribution of velocity, pressure, and path of the blood flow in the aortic arch of normal people were calculated at a given pulsating and parabolic initial cycle. Our numerical results demonstrated that the blood velocity of distal end was greatly faster than that of proximal end on the interface between branch and aortic arch. There was an obvious pressure gradient between the inner wall and outer wall of blood vessels. The areas where the blood velocity and pressure changed greatly were consistent with the location of the thoracic aortic dissection, especially the area 2-3 cm below the left subclavian artery, suggesting that the blood pressure and velocity may greatly influence the progress of aortic dissection. Conclusion: Numerical simulation and modeling based on CT scan data can help to study bio-fluid mechanics. At the same time, the numerical simulation of blood flow will greatly help the diagnosis and treatment of the aortic dissection and arteriosclerosis.

SV40 large tumor antigen(Tag) expression was investigated by immunoprecipitation followed by silver staining and Western blot in 65 cases of human brain tumors and 8 cases of normal brain tissues, Tag P53 and Tag PRb complexes were screened respectively in 18 and 15 Tag positive tumor tissues. SV40 Tag was found in ependymomas, choroid plexus papillomas, pituitary adenomas, astrocytomas, meningiomas, glioblastomas multiforme and medulloblastomas, whereas 8 normal brain tissues were all negative for Tag. Tag P53 and Tag PRb complexs were detected respectively in Tag positive tumors. The results indicated that SV40 is associated with human brain tumori genesis, and the in activation of P53 and PRb due to the formation of Tag P53 and Tag PRb complexes is possibly an important mechanism in the etiopathogenesis of human brain tumors.

To investigate the time dependent features and mechanisms of c fos expression in neurons after brain injury in mice. Using the mice model of severe traumatic brain injury, c fos expression in neurons was observed at different time points after trauma with the molecular hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining. A c fos expression process in neurons occurred after severe brain injury, peaking at 1 hour. Another expression peak appeared 24 hours later. Fos positive neurons were observed in the cerebral cortex of injured hemisphere, especially in Ⅱ Ⅳ layers. The c fos gene expression after brain injury in neuron has two peaks. c fos gene expression may be caused by Leao’s spreading depression, and may be associated with cell signal transduction and neuron apoptosis.