Objective:To establish a method for the uncertainty evaluation of the determination of benzoic acid. Methods: The content of benzoic acid was determined by acid-base titration. By constructed mathematics model, the source of the measurement uncer-tainty was analyzed, and the uncertainty components were quantized and combined. Results:The expanded uncertainty of benzoic acid was 0. 36% and the results were expressed as(99. 99 ± 0. 36%,k=2). Conclusion:The mathematics model is reasonable and relia-ble,and can be used in the uncertainty evaluation of content measurement of benzoic acid.

AIM:To analyze the clinical significance of axial length, diopter and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in hyperopia children with anisometropia amblyopia. ·METHODS: From January 2015 to January 2017 in our hospital for treatment, 103 cases, all unilateral, were diagnosed as hyperopia anisometropia amblyopia. The eyes with amblyopia were as experimental group ( 103 eyes), another normal eye as control group (103 eyes). We took the detection with axial length, refraction, foveal thickness, corrected visual acuity, diopter and the average thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer. ·RESULTS: Differences in axial length and diopter and corrected visual acuity were statistically significant between the two groups (P<0. 05). The two groups had no significant difference in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (P>0. 05). There was statistical significance difference on the foveal thickness (P<0. 05). There was a negative correction correlation between the visual acuity, axial length with foveal and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness, but no significant difference in correlation ( P>0. 05 ). The positive correlation between diopter with nerve fiber layer thickness of foveal and around the optic disc were no statistically significant difference (P>0. 05). ·CONCLUSION:Retinal thickness of the fovea in the eye with hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia were thicker than those in normal eyes;the nerve fiber layer of around the optic disc was not significantly different between the amblyopic eyes and contralateral eyes. The refraction and axial length had no significant correlation with optic nerve fiber layer and macular foveal thickness.

Objective To explore the effect of seminar applied in instruction of Introduction of Nursing Science for advanced vocational nursing students.Methods A total of 246 advanced vocational nursing students admitted in 2013 from class 1 to class 5 were named as the control group,who received traditional teaching method.Meanwhile a total of 252 advanced vocational nursing students admitted in 2013 from class 6 to 10 were set as the experimental group,and were given seminar teaching.We adopted California Critical Thinking Dispositions Inventory Scale,Academic Self-efficacy Scale and an anonymous questionnaire for teaching satisfaction.Theoretical examination was used to be final evaluation.Results The scores of theoretical examination in the experimental group were higher than that of the control group.The scores of critical thinking ability and academic self-efficacy of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group,with a significant difference.The result of the anonymous questionnaire showed that the experimental group showed a higher satisfaction degree with seminar teaching method.Conclusions Seminar teaching method applied in Introduction of Nursing Science is feasible and effective,which is better than traditional method in improving critical thinking ability,academic self-efficacy and teaching satisfaction.

Objective To study the effect of juvenile non-incarcerated oblique inguinal hernia on the development of testis and spermatic cord.Methods The volume of the testis was measured with B-ultrasound in normal and patient children.All patients were surgically treated and the spermatic veins were examined during operation.The patients were followed up for measuring the testicle volume at 3 months,6 months and 6 ～ 12 months after operation.Results Testicle volume on healthy side was larger than the involved side in patient group (P ＜ 0.05).There were still obvious differences between the two sides after 6 months(P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was found after 6 ～12 months (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Non-incarcerated oblique inguinal hernia has effected on the spermatic cord and testicles,which need timely treatment.

Training mechanism reform was introduced in Chinese universities recently.It is a very useful attempt in the field of graduate education,in line with the trend of the international practice of graduate education.The core content of this reform is to build the research leading tutorial system and projects oriented grant-in-aid program.The intention of this reform is to mobilize the enthusiasm of both the instructors and graduate students effectively,who play key roles in the reform.In this paper,the author analyze the the difficulties and problems encountered in building up the instructor finance grantin-aid program,such as the inadequacy of instructors,involvement in policymaking,thecommercializationtendency of the teacher-student relationship,and the intensifying imbalance among different disciplines.The autor also proposes some countermeasures as preliminary solution.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of aspartame in Xiaoer Anfen Huang Namin granule. Methods:An Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm)was used with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 05 mol·L -1 H3 PO4(20 ∶80). The flow rate was 1. 0 ml ·min -1 and the detection wavelength was 204 nm. The column temperature was 25℃ and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:Aspartame had a good linear relationship within the range of 21. 72- 868. 67 μg · ml -1(r = 1. 000 0). The average recovery of aspartame was 99. 36% and RSD was 0. 3% (n = 6). Conclusion:The method has good stability and repeatability,and is suitable for the quality control of Xiaoer Anfen Huang Namin granule.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopic and open radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in advanced stage(D2).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in 100 patients with advanced gastric cancer who underwent surgical treatment.The patients were randomly divided into laparotomy group (n=44) and laparoscopic group (n=56).The laparotomy group was treated with D2 radical operation for advanced gastric cancer by the conventional laparotomy, while the laparoscopic group underwent laparoscopic radical resection of advanced gastric cancer with D2.The surgery related indicators, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complications etc.were compared between the two groups.All patients were followed up for 24 months.The recurrence, metastasis and mortality of the patients in the two groups were compared.Results The operation time and the amount of bleeding of the laparoscopic group were less than those of the laparotomy group (P=0.020, 0.001).The postoperative intestinal function recovery and hospitalization time of the laparoscopic group were shorter than those of the laparotomy group (P=0.020,0.001).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the number of lymph node dissection (P=0.650).Various complications occurred in the two groups, such as bleeding, spleen injury, vascular injury of colon injury and pancreatic injury, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P=1.000,0.570,1.000,1.000).There was no significant differences between the two groups in pancreatic fistula, anastomotic leakage, remnant stomach weakness and anastomotic bleeding (P=0.020,0.005,1.000,1.000,0.570).After 24 months of follow-up, there was no significant difference in recurrence, metastasis and mortality between the two groups (P=0.450,0.290,0.530).Conclusion Endoscopic surgery for D2 resection in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer has advantages, such as less trauma, rapid recovery and so on, can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Objective To study the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance for placenta previa,so as to provide clinical guidance.Methods 118 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were chosen in the study.Each pregnant woman's basic information, diagnostic results of magnetic resonance and cesarean section were collected.The diagnostic results of cesarean section were chose as the gold standard,and the sensitivity,specificity and Kappa value of magnetic resonance were calculated.Results Using magnetic resonance,49 pregnant women with placenta previa and 69 pregnant women without placenta previa were detected and diagnosed.Both of the sensitivity and specificity were 100.00%.In the further diagnosis of placenta previa type,the total placenta previa's diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance were the highest,which were 88.89% and 97.18%,respectively.And for the marginal placenta previa,those were 85.71% and 95.83%,respectively.The last was the part of placenta previa,for which were the 77.78% and 95.83%,respectively.Compared with the diagnostic results of cesarean section,there existed correlation between the two methods of detection,and the Kappa value was 0.95,which was very good.Conclusion The magnetic resonance has very high diagnostic value for the placenta previa,thus it is worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Objective To study and compare the clinical effect of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and open partial nephrectomy for renal tumor.Methods 60 renal tumor patients underwent partial nephrectomy were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into two groups.30 cases of the control group received open surgery, 30 patients of the observation group received the implementation of laparoscopic surgery.The postoperative recovery, complication rate, renal function indicators were compared between the two groups.Results The operation time between the two groups had no statistically significant difference[(110.06±28.76)min vs.(108.43±29.64)min,t=0.216,P=0.830].However, the amount of intraoperative blood loss was significantly less in the observation group[(45.17±16.42)mL vs.(132.46±41.37)mL,t=10.742,P=0.000].The gastrointestinal function recovery time, hospitalization time of the observation group were significantly shorter than those of the control group[(2.48±1.07)d vs.(4.96±2.39)d,(7.31±4.32)d vs.(12.59±5.18)d,t=5.187,4.288,P=0.000,0.000].The incidence rate of complications of observation group was significantly lower than the control group (3.33% vs.20.00%,x2=4.043,P=0.044).After operation, the glomerular filtration rate of the two groups had no statistically significant difference compared with pre-operation[(42.18±5.42)mL/min vs (42.93±5.16)mL/min,t=0.549,P=0.585],and after operation, the comparison between the two groups also had no statistically significant difference[(41.34±4.96)mL/min vs.(40.85±5.08)mL/min,t=0.378,P=0.707].Conclusion The safety of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumor is reliable, the effect on renal function is not obvious, compared with open surgery, laparoscopic surgery can reduce surgical trauma, faster postoperative recovery.

Objective To study the copulation of the abnormal level of maternal serum-free β-human chorionic gonadotropin ( β-hCG ) during second-trimester pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome.Methods Two hundred and nine pregnant women in second-trimester pregnancy were detected serum β-hCG and followed up ti11 delivery.The correlation of the abnormal level of serum β-hCG and adverse pregnancy outcome were observed.Results In 209 pregnant women,the level of serum β -hCG of 105 cases were over standard [(84.9 ± 11.6) kU/L](over standard group),while the level of the rest 104 cases were (18.6 ± 1.3) kU/L within normal range (normal group).The incidence rate of gestational hypertension,premature deliwery,premature rupture of membranes and suffocation of new born infants in over standard group were all higher than those in normal group [14.3％(15/105 ) vs.0,18.1％(19/105) vs.2.9％ (3/104),11.4％(12/105) vs.0,29.5％(31/105) vs.0,P＜0.05].Conclusions The abnormality of serum β -hCG of women in second-trimester pregnancy can reflect the placenta dysfunction and it is a signal of adverse pregnancy outcome.Therefore,detecting the level of serum β -hCG is useful for preventing adverse pregnancy outcome.