Objective To investigate incision pathogenic bacteria after spinal surgery, and observe clinical effects of therapeutic methods. Methods A total of 30 cases of early surgical incision infection (7 cases of superficial infection and 23 cases of deep infection) after spinal surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The basic data including clinical manifes-tations, diagnosis, treatment, etiology and follow-up results were analyzed. Results It was found that the mean infection time after operation was 2-15 days in 30 patients. Thirty-three strains were isolated including 18 gram-positive cocci (54.5%, and Staphylococcus aureus account for 13, 39.4%), 15 gram-negative bacteria (45.5%, and Coli communior account for 6, 18.2%). The drug susceptibility test showed that gram-positive cocci were highly sensitive to vancomycin, rifampin, tei-coplanin and cotrimoxazole. No vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were found. Gram negative bacteria were high-ly sensitive to imipenem (100%). Seven cases of superficial infection were cured after dressing. Twenty-three cases of deep incision wound infection were no recurrence of infection after treatment by deep wound debridement, and postoperative cathe-terization. Conclusion The early wound infection after spinal surgery is usually due to Staphylococcus aureus. It is good to perform wound debridement, continuous perfusion drainage, and treatment with vancomycin for deep wound infection.