Young-Jo, 83 years old, was the longest lived king of the Chosun Dynasty. Seungjeongwon Ilgi gives more detail about the diseases and prescriptions of Young-Jo. We could close look at what the Annals of the Chosun Dynasty just described that king received medical attention. In inspecting Jung-Jo's constitution, to examine his medical history is very important. Yong-jo had a weak constitution, but he was always concerned about health care. Youn-jo complained of colic syndrom and heart fire when young; ascris and shoulder pain since middle age; severe fatigue and gait disturbance caused by edema in his latter years. During his last 20 years, he had taken and resorted to Ken-GongTang, the reason was not psychological disposion, but physical disease. Also, Yong-Jo's condition just before death could be assumed in Seungjeongwon Ilgi and Jonhyeongak Ilgi. According to continuous complaints such as edema of the lower limbs, faint(lethargy) and eating disorder caused by abnormal rising of GI (anorexia), we could presume that the cause of death was uremia. In addition, it has significance to correct feasible misconceaption about the cause of death grounded on The Annals of the Chosun Dynasty.
Attitude to Health ; *Cause of Death ; Edema/history/pathology ; *Famous Persons ; Fatigue/history ; History, 18th Century ; Humans ; Korea ; Uremia/history/pathology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of a moderate and fast walking exercise program on middle-aged women's fatigue, serum lipids and immunoglobulins. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experiment was conducted for 10 weeks from May 17th to July 25th, 2004 with 44 middle-aged women, consisting of 16 for the moderate walking group, 15 for the fast walking group and 13 for the control group. RESULT: Walking exercise at both a moderate and fast speed was effective in middle-aged women in reducing fatigue and serum lipids. It was also revealed that extended periods of exercise was more effective in decreasing fatigue while for reducing serum lipid, high intensity exercise was more effective. In this study, serum immunoglobulins were reduced after moderate and fast walking exercise but its cause was not fully understood so further research is needed. CONCLUSION: This study helps us recognize the importance of regular exercise and promotes motivation to exercise for a healthy life among middle-aged women.
*Walking ; Middle Aged ; Lipids/*blood ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; Humans ; History, 17th Century ; Female ; Fatigue/*prevention & control ; *Exercise ; Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of a moderate and fast walking exercise program on middle-aged women's fatigue, serum lipids and immunoglobulins. METHOD: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used for this study. The experiment was conducted for 10 weeks from May 17th to July 25th, 2004 with 44 middle-aged women, consisting of 16 for the moderate walking group, 15 for the fast walking group and 13 for the control group. RESULT: Walking exercise at both a moderate and fast speed was effective in middle-aged women in reducing fatigue and serum lipids. It was also revealed that extended periods of exercise was more effective in decreasing fatigue while for reducing serum lipid, high intensity exercise was more effective. In this study, serum immunoglobulins were reduced after moderate and fast walking exercise but its cause was not fully understood so further research is needed. CONCLUSION: This study helps us recognize the importance of regular exercise and promotes motivation to exercise for a healthy life among middle-aged women.
*Walking ; Middle Aged ; Lipids/*blood ; Immunoglobulins/*blood ; Humans ; History, 17th Century ; Female ; Fatigue/*prevention & control ; *Exercise ; Adult

Ebsteins anomaly is characterized by a downward displacement of the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Its anatomical abnormality is displacement of septal and posterior leaflets of tricuspid valve from atrioventricular ring into the body of right ventricle and therefore a portion of right ventricle is atrialized. The primary hemodynamic anomaly producing symptoms in Ebsteins malformation is tricuspid regurgitation. Its natural history and clinical features depend on the drgree of displacement of tricuspid leaflets from atrioventricular ring. Although most patients with Ebsteins anomaly are diagnosed in early children, some patients with a mildly deformed tricuspid valve may remain asympto- matic well into adulthood. Most common complaints adult-onset disease are exertional dyspnea, fatigue, palpitation and cyanosis. In rnost cases the physical exarnination, electrocardiogram, and roentgenogram are sufficiently to allow the diagnosis. But, recently echocardiography has played an important role in the recognition of Ebsteins anomaly because two-dimensional echocardiography provides direct visualization of the abnormally displaced tricuspid valve apparatus. So echocardiography has replaced angiography as the procedure of choice for diagnostic and morphologic assessrnent of patients with Ebsteins anomaly. We experienced a 67-year-old female patient with Ebstein's anomaly that was definitely diagnosed by two-dimentional echocardiography. We report this case with literature review.
Aged ; Angiography ; Child ; Cyanosis ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Ebstein Anomaly* ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Fatigue ; Female ; Foramen Ovale, Patent* ; Heart Ventricles ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Natural History ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

HCM(=Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) is a primary cardiac disease and its characteristic morphologic abnormality is a hypertrophied and nondilated left ventriclar in the absence of another cardiac or systemic disease that itself is capable of producing left ventricle hypertrophy. The symptoms of HCM are varied and include dyspnea, orthopnea, fatigue, chest pain, palpitations and impaired consciousness. The pathophysiologic components of the disease process are left ventricular outlofw obstruction, diastolic dysfunction, myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmia. Predicting the clinical course and outcome for individual patients HCM has been difficult because of variability in natural history and the complexity in disease expression. The present report describe a patient with am asymptomatic, pathologic Q wave in whom HCM was diagnosed by echocardiography, MIBI-SPECT, coronary angiography, and left ventriculography.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Chest Pain ; Consciousness ; Coronary Angiography ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Fatigue ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Natural History

Most terminally ill cancer patients experience various physical and psychological symptoms during their illness. In addition to pain, they commonly suffer from fatigue, anorexia-cachexia syndrome, nausea, vomiting and dyspnea. In this paper, I reviewed some of the common non-pain symptoms in terminally ill cancer patients, based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines to better understand and treat cancer patients. Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common symptom in terminally ill cancer patients. There are reversible causes of fatigue, which include anemia, sleep disturbance, malnutrition, pain, depression and anxiety, medical comorbidities, hyperthyroidism and hypogonadism. Energy conservation and education are recommended as central management for CRF. Corticosteroid and psychostimulants can be used as well. The anorexia and cachexia syndrome has reversible causes and should be managed. It includes stomatitis, constipation and uncontrolled severe symptoms such as pain or dyspnea, delirium, nausea/vomiting, depression and gastroparesis. To manage the syndrome, it is important to provide emotional support and inform the patient and family of the natural history of the disease. Megesteol acetate, dronabinol and corticosteroid can be helpful. Nausea and vomiting will occur by potentially reversible causes including drug consumption, uremia, infection, anxiety, constipation, gastric irritation and proximal gastrointestinal obstruction. Metoclopramide, haloperidol, olanzapine and ondansetron can be used to manage nausea and vomiting. Dyspnea is common even in terminally ill cancer patients without lung disease. Opioids are effective for symptomatic management of dyspnea. To improve the quality of life for terminally ill cancer patients, we should try to ameliorate these symptoms by paying more attention to patients and understanding of management principles.
Analgesics, Opioid ; Anemia ; Anorexia ; Anxiety ; Benzodiazepines ; Cachexia ; Comorbidity ; Constipation ; Delirium ; Depression ; Dyspnea ; Education ; Fatigue ; Gastroparesis ; Haloperidol ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Hypogonadism ; Lung Diseases ; Malnutrition ; Metoclopramide ; Natural History ; Nausea ; Ondansetron ; Palliative Care ; Quality of Life ; Stomatitis ; Terminal Care ; Terminally Ill* ; Tetrahydrocannabinol ; Uremia ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Primary (idiopathic) pulmonary hypertension is a rare, progressive and fatal disease. It has been defined, by the World Health Organization, as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure greater than 25 mmHg at rest, or greater than 30 mmHg during exercise, without the apparent cause of secondary pulmonary hypertension. This study was performed to better understanding the clinical presentation, natural history and prognosis of primary pulmonary hypertension. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients, who were diagnosed as primary pulmonary hypertension, at three University Hospitals, were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had undergone echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. RESULTS: With the patients there was a male: female ratio of 1:8, ranging in age between 10 and 50 years. The most common presenting symptom was dyspnea on exertion, with other symptoms comprising of fatigue in 11, chest pain in 5, syncope in 3 and hemoptysis in 2. The ECG & echocardiography reflected the presence of right-sided heart enlargement. The average right ventricular systolic pressure, from Doppler echocardiography, was 73.6+/-18.8 mmHg. The mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were 52.9+/-18.4 and 9.2+/-3.1 mmHg, respectively. The survival times were within 30 and 21 to 60 months in 9 and the remaining patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: We conclude that primary pulmonary hypertension is common in female patients in their third to fifth decades. This study also showed a poor prognosis, as in other reports.
Arterial Pressure ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Cardiomegaly ; Chest Pain ; Dyspnea ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Electrocardiography ; Fatigue ; Female ; Hemoptysis ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary* ; Male ; Natural History ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Wedge Pressure ; Retrospective Studies ; Syncope ; World Health Organization