Study on a patient with ages of 51 admitted the nervous surgical department has shown that patient suffered vertigo, nausea, vomiting and poor consciousness, without clinical located nervous damage; images of CT scanner: dilation of third ventricle of cerebrum, right ventricle of cerebrum dilated larger than the left ventricle of cerebrum; the middle line was proponed into the left; The conscious progress was worsened rapidly; apnea; ineffective drainage and use of respirator. The patient was dead. Conclusion : Magnetic resonance image is the most effective method in diagnostics for patient with fluke infection in the ventricle of cerebrum.
Fasciola hepatica ; Cerebral Ventricles

An examination of 210 children stool samples showed that the rate of parasite infection was 33.8%. Among them ascarisdiasis 29.52% ankylostomiasis 4.67% and trichuriasis 1.43%. The rate of multiinfection was 5.63%. There was a significant difference of the infestation rate between Kinh and Raglai ethnic children
Fasciola hepatica ; Cerebral Ventricles

Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a portion of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (446 nucleotide and 148 amino acid) of mitochondrial genome of adult worm of small liver fluke from human in Hiep Hoa district, Bac Giang (CsNgBG) province was amplified. The nucleotide and amino acid of these sequences were comparatively analyzed with the known Clonorchis sinensis. The analysis revealed that the Bac Giang Clonorchis sp (in human) was similar (100% nucleotide and amino acid) to the Nam Dinh Clonorchis sinensis (identification was done); 99.6% (nucleotide) and 100% (amino acid) homology to the C.sinensis of Chinese strain (CsCN-Gen Bank AF 184619) and Korean strain (CsKor-Gen Bank AF 181889). Thus, the Bac Giang Clonorchis sp is identified as Clonorchis sinensis in Opisthorchidae family, Clonorchis genus. Phylogenetic analysis uniquely placed the Bac Giang Clonorchis sinensis to the group of Chinese and Korean Clonorchis sinensis.
Helminths ; Fasciola hepatica ; Adult

Sixty five patients infected with liver fluke (Clonorchiasis or Opisthorchiasis) were treated with praziquantel and investigated for laboratory manifestation in the Hospital 103, Lao PDR. Eosinophil was found to increase significantly. Total bilirubin is higher than normal value in majority of the patients. Liver fluke was identified as Opisthorchis viverrini. There was no relation between the intensity of infection and egg counts of Opisthorchis viverrini
Fasciola hepatica ; Therapeutics ; Diagnosis ; Praziquantel

Fascioliasis has not been confirmed as a human disease entity until now in Korea despite of sporadic discovery of ova of Fasciola sp. in human fecal materials being never traced to the confirmation of infection. Almost all of the cases with ova in their stool have been related with consumption of cattle liver whether eaten in raw or processed. The present authors confirmed a human fascioliasis case who was a Korean housewife of 42-year-old living in Seoul, during the exploratory laparotomy. The patient had been healthy until October 1975 when abrupt onset of urticaria, dyspepsia, epigastric discomfort developed. And the fluctuation of these symptoms was followed by epigastric colicky pain attacks from December 4, 1975. A complete worm of Fasciola sp. was removed during the bile-duct exploration with stone forceps in lower half of common bile duct, on January 20, 1976. The patient only agreed that she had eaten some raw liver of cattle on September 1975 but denied any possible sources of infection such as drinking of untreated water, handling of water flower and grass, and eating of raw watercress. The measurements of the removed worm: 35. 61 mm in body length, 14.00 mm in maximum body width(Length/width ratio, 2.54:1), distribution of testes to body length 33.9 per cent , number of branches of ovary 22, the size of intrauterine ova 157.2 x 108. 4 micrometer in average. These findings are not compatible with the classical descriptions of both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, and it was concluded it is so-called Fasciola sp. which is intermediate between two species as proposed by many Japanese workers.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fasciola gigantica ; Fasciola sp. ; case report ; fascioliasis ; laparotomy ; bile-duct

The distribution and properties of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase(EC 2.6.1.42) was investigated in adult Fasciola hepatica. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase was measured by the method of Ichihara and Koyama (1966) . Isozyme patterns of this enzyme was also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows: The activity in homogenate was found to be 12.69 units/g wet tissue. The activity of this enzyme was relatively high compared with those in rat tissues. The distribution of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 87.8 percent of the activity was in cytosolic, 10.9 percent in mitochondrial and 1.3 percent was in nuclear fraction. Cytosolic fraction of Fasciola hepatica contained Enzyme I, but not Enzyme II and III, of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase. Enzyme I was eluted by 50 mM phosphate buffer from DEAE-cellulose column and catalyzed the transamination of all three branched chain amino acids. The Enzyme I was purified about 22-folds increase in specific activity after chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The best substrate among three amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) was L-isoleucine. The optimal temperature of Enzyme I was 45 C and the optimal pH was 8.2. The Km value for leucine of Enzyme I was 4.17 mM. The Km values for alpha-ketoglutarate and pyridoxal phosphate of Enzyme I were 0.41 mM and 4.76 x 10(-3) mM, respectively.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; biochemistry ; enzyme ; aminotransferase

The aim of this study is to delineate ‘admixed hybrid’ and ‘introgressive’ Fasciola genotypes present in the Fasciola population in Vietnam. Adult liver flukes collected from ruminants in 18 Provinces were morphologically sorted out by naked eyes for small (S), medium (M) and large (L) body shapes; and human samples (n=14) from patients. Nuclear ribosomal (rDNA) ITS1 and ITS2, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) nad1 markers were used for determination of their genetic status. Total 4,725 worm samples of ruminants were tentatively classified by their size: 6% (n=284) small (S)-, 13% (n=614) medium (M)-, and 81% (n=3,827) large (L)-forms. All the representative (n=120, as 40 each group) and 14 human specimens, possessed maternal mtDNA of only F. gigantica and none of F. hepatica. Paternally, all (100%) of the L-(n=40) and 77.5% (n=31) of the M-flukes had single F. gigantica rDNA indicating ‘pure’ F. gigantica. A majority (90%, n=36) of the S- and 15% (n=6) of the M-worms had single F. hepatica rDNA, indicating their introgressive; the rest (10%, n=4) of the S- and 7.5% (n=3) of the M-flukes had mixture of both F. gigantica and F. hepatica rDNAs, confirming their admixed hybrid genetic status. Fourteen human samples revealed 9 (64%) of pure F. gigantica, 3 (22%) of introgressive and 2 (14%) of admixed hybrid Fasciola spp. By the present study, it was confirmed that the small worms, which are morphologically identical with F. hepatica, are admixed and/or introgressive hybrids of Fasciola spp., and able to be the pathogens of human fascioliasis.
Adult ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fasciola ; Fascioliasis ; Genotype ; Humans ; Liver ; Ranunculaceae ; Ruminants ; Vietnam

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola hepatica, a liver fluke, for which human acts as an accidental host. Fascioliasis, while common in some tropical countries, is rare in Korea. Endoscopie retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) has been described in only a very few cases as a useful technique for the diagnosis of fascioliasis. We report a case of fascioliasis diagnosed by ERCP, after endoscopic sphinchterotomy adult worms were removed by Dormia basket.
Adult ; Biliary Tract* ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde* ; Diagnosis ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fascioliasis* ; Humans ; Korea ; Pancreas* ; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic ; Zoonoses

In order to obtain the most specific and sensitive antigen from crude antigens of Fasciola hepatica for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), phosphate buffered saline extract of F. hepatica was prepared. The crude extract was fractionated into 7 antigens using Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Seven fractionated antigens were applied to ELISA, precipitation test and intradermal test, respectively. Results obtained are as follows: The specificity (95 per cent confidence interval in negative sera of bovine fascioliasis ; Mean+2 x SD of absorbance ) of the first (MW>150,000) and the second antigens (MW 120,000) were 93.7 per cent, but those of others including crude antigen showed 100 per cen.t. The sensitivity (positive sera of bovine fascioliasis having higher values with compared to the criterion) of the first, the sixth (MW 16,000) and the seventh antigen (MW<5,000) were 91.6 per cent, 87.5 per cent and 0 per cent, respectively, but those of others showed all 100 per cent. The absorbance by ELISA using the fifth antigen (MW 26,000) was 8.43-folds higher in the positive sera than that in the negative sera. This could be used as one of the most specific antigens for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis. In Ouchterlony test, precipitin lines were not found in the sera naturally infected with F. hepatica, but some were found in the sera of rabbits immunized with the crude antigens. The numbers of precipitin lines in the sera of rabbits were different in the different fractionated antigens. They were 6 in the crude, 2 in the second and the third antigens, 1 in the forth, the fifth and the sixth antigens and absent in the seventh antigen, respectively. The wheal size for the bovine infected with F. hepatica was 2.46+-0.15 cm in the intradermal test antigen (saline extract of F. hepatica) supplied by the Veterinary Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Korea. The wheal size of the first, the second and the third antigens were larger than that of intradermal test antigen, whereas those of the forth, the fifth, the sixth and the seventh antigens showed smaller than that of the intradermal test antigen. The results suggest that the fifth antigen may be specific antigen for the immunodiagnosis of bovine fascioliasis.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; immunology ; enzyme-linke immunosorbent assay ; diagnosis ; fascioliasis ; Fasciola hepatica

We report here an ectopic case of Fasciola hepatica infection confirmed by recovery of an adult worm in the mesocolon. A 56-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with discomfort and pain in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. Abdominal CT showed 3 abscesses in the left upper quadrant, mesentery, and pelvic cavity. On surgical exploration, abscess pockets were found in the mesocolon of the sigmoid colon and transverse colon. A leaf-like worm found in the abscess pocket of the mesocolon of the left colon was diagnosed as an adult fluke of F. hepatica. Histologically, numerous eggs of F. hepatica were noted with acute and chronic granulomatous inflammations in the subserosa and pericolic adipose tissues. Conclusively, a rare case of ectopic fascioliasis has been confirmed in this study by the adult worm recovery of F. hepatica in the mesocolon.
Animals ; Fasciola hepatica/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Fascioliasis/diagnosis/*parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Mesocolon/*parasitology ; Middle Aged