Study on a patient with ages of 51 admitted the nervous surgical department has shown that patient suffered vertigo, nausea, vomiting and poor consciousness, without clinical located nervous damage; images of CT scanner: dilation of third ventricle of cerebrum, right ventricle of cerebrum dilated larger than the left ventricle of cerebrum; the middle line was proponed into the left; The conscious progress was worsened rapidly; apnea; ineffective drainage and use of respirator. The patient was dead. Conclusion : Magnetic resonance image is the most effective method in diagnostics for patient with fluke infection in the ventricle of cerebrum.
Fasciola hepatica ; Cerebral Ventricles

An examination of 210 children stool samples showed that the rate of parasite infection was 33.8%. Among them ascarisdiasis 29.52% ankylostomiasis 4.67% and trichuriasis 1.43%. The rate of multiinfection was 5.63%. There was a significant difference of the infestation rate between Kinh and Raglai ethnic children
Fasciola hepatica ; Cerebral Ventricles

Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a portion of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (446 nucleotide and 148 amino acid) of mitochondrial genome of adult worm of small liver fluke from human in Hiep Hoa district, Bac Giang (CsNgBG) province was amplified. The nucleotide and amino acid of these sequences were comparatively analyzed with the known Clonorchis sinensis. The analysis revealed that the Bac Giang Clonorchis sp (in human) was similar (100% nucleotide and amino acid) to the Nam Dinh Clonorchis sinensis (identification was done); 99.6% (nucleotide) and 100% (amino acid) homology to the C.sinensis of Chinese strain (CsCN-Gen Bank AF 184619) and Korean strain (CsKor-Gen Bank AF 181889). Thus, the Bac Giang Clonorchis sp is identified as Clonorchis sinensis in Opisthorchidae family, Clonorchis genus. Phylogenetic analysis uniquely placed the Bac Giang Clonorchis sinensis to the group of Chinese and Korean Clonorchis sinensis.
Helminths ; Fasciola hepatica ; Adult

Sixty five patients infected with liver fluke (Clonorchiasis or Opisthorchiasis) were treated with praziquantel and investigated for laboratory manifestation in the Hospital 103, Lao PDR. Eosinophil was found to increase significantly. Total bilirubin is higher than normal value in majority of the patients. Liver fluke was identified as Opisthorchis viverrini. There was no relation between the intensity of infection and egg counts of Opisthorchis viverrini
Fasciola hepatica ; Therapeutics ; Diagnosis ; Praziquantel

Fascioliasis has not been confirmed as a human disease entity until now in Korea despite of sporadic discovery of ova of Fasciola sp. in human fecal materials being never traced to the confirmation of infection. Almost all of the cases with ova in their stool have been related with consumption of cattle liver whether eaten in raw or processed. The present authors confirmed a human fascioliasis case who was a Korean housewife of 42-year-old living in Seoul, during the exploratory laparotomy. The patient had been healthy until October 1975 when abrupt onset of urticaria, dyspepsia, epigastric discomfort developed. And the fluctuation of these symptoms was followed by epigastric colicky pain attacks from December 4, 1975. A complete worm of Fasciola sp. was removed during the bile-duct exploration with stone forceps in lower half of common bile duct, on January 20, 1976. The patient only agreed that she had eaten some raw liver of cattle on September 1975 but denied any possible sources of infection such as drinking of untreated water, handling of water flower and grass, and eating of raw watercress. The measurements of the removed worm: 35. 61 mm in body length, 14.00 mm in maximum body width(Length/width ratio, 2.54:1), distribution of testes to body length 33.9 per cent , number of branches of ovary 22, the size of intrauterine ova 157.2 x 108. 4 micrometer in average. These findings are not compatible with the classical descriptions of both Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica, and it was concluded it is so-called Fasciola sp. which is intermediate between two species as proposed by many Japanese workers.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fasciola gigantica ; Fasciola sp. ; case report ; fascioliasis ; laparotomy ; bile-duct

The aim of this study is to delineate ‘admixed hybrid’ and ‘introgressive’ Fasciola genotypes present in the Fasciola population in Vietnam. Adult liver flukes collected from ruminants in 18 Provinces were morphologically sorted out by naked eyes for small (S), medium (M) and large (L) body shapes; and human samples (n=14) from patients. Nuclear ribosomal (rDNA) ITS1 and ITS2, and mitochondrial (mtDNA) nad1 markers were used for determination of their genetic status. Total 4,725 worm samples of ruminants were tentatively classified by their size: 6% (n=284) small (S)-, 13% (n=614) medium (M)-, and 81% (n=3,827) large (L)-forms. All the representative (n=120, as 40 each group) and 14 human specimens, possessed maternal mtDNA of only F. gigantica and none of F. hepatica. Paternally, all (100%) of the L-(n=40) and 77.5% (n=31) of the M-flukes had single F. gigantica rDNA indicating ‘pure’ F. gigantica. A majority (90%, n=36) of the S- and 15% (n=6) of the M-worms had single F. hepatica rDNA, indicating their introgressive; the rest (10%, n=4) of the S- and 7.5% (n=3) of the M-flukes had mixture of both F. gigantica and F. hepatica rDNAs, confirming their admixed hybrid genetic status. Fourteen human samples revealed 9 (64%) of pure F. gigantica, 3 (22%) of introgressive and 2 (14%) of admixed hybrid Fasciola spp. By the present study, it was confirmed that the small worms, which are morphologically identical with F. hepatica, are admixed and/or introgressive hybrids of Fasciola spp., and able to be the pathogens of human fascioliasis.
Adult ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; DNA, Ribosomal ; Fasciola hepatica ; Fasciola ; Fascioliasis ; Genotype ; Humans ; Liver ; Ranunculaceae ; Ruminants ; Vietnam

The distribution and properties of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase(EC 2.6.1.42) was investigated in adult Fasciola hepatica. Fasciola hepatica was fractionated by differential centrifugation into nuclear, mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. The activity of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase was measured by the method of Ichihara and Koyama (1966) . Isozyme patterns of this enzyme was also examined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results obtained were as follows: The activity in homogenate was found to be 12.69 units/g wet tissue. The activity of this enzyme was relatively high compared with those in rat tissues. The distribution of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase in the subcellular organelles showed that 87.8 percent of the activity was in cytosolic, 10.9 percent in mitochondrial and 1.3 percent was in nuclear fraction. Cytosolic fraction of Fasciola hepatica contained Enzyme I, but not Enzyme II and III, of branched chain amino acid aminotransferase. Enzyme I was eluted by 50 mM phosphate buffer from DEAE-cellulose column and catalyzed the transamination of all three branched chain amino acids. The Enzyme I was purified about 22-folds increase in specific activity after chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The best substrate among three amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) was L-isoleucine. The optimal temperature of Enzyme I was 45 C and the optimal pH was 8.2. The Km value for leucine of Enzyme I was 4.17 mM. The Km values for alpha-ketoglutarate and pyridoxal phosphate of Enzyme I were 0.41 mM and 4.76 x 10(-3) mM, respectively.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fasciola hepatica ; biochemistry ; enzyme ; aminotransferase

Fascioliasis is a zoonotic helminthiasis caused by the trematode Fasciola hepatica, which is a parasite that infects the hepatobiliary system of herbivorous animals such as cattle and sheep. Humans are accidentally infected after ingestion of the water, raw aquatic plants and raw liver of herbivorous animals that are all contaminated by metacercaria. Fascioliasis produces no symptoms in most patients, but adult Fasciola hepatica occasionally gives rise to intestinal obstruction or pancreatobiliary disease. The metacercaria can migrate along the vessels or lymphatic ducts, and they can induce disease of the liver, lung and heart. We report here on a rare case of a 68-year-old male who presented with acute abdominal pain. He was diagnosed as acute pancreatitis associated with Fasciola hepatica.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Cattle ; Eating ; Fasciola hepatica* ; Fasciola* ; Fascioliasis ; Heart ; Helminthiasis ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; Liver ; Lung ; Male ; Pancreatitis* ; Parasites ; Sheep ; Water

PURPOSE: To evaluate dynamic CT features and its clinical courses of eosinophilic hepatic abscess. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-phase dynamic CT findings and the clinical courses of 13 pathologically proven cases of eosinophilic abscess were reviewed. All patients showed peripheral eosinophilia, and diagnoses were confirmed by ultrasound-guided biopsy(n=9) or operation(n=4). In two of the four patients who underwent segmental hepatectomy, worms of the species Fasciola hepatica were detected. Follow-up CT scans after treatment with antibiotics or praziquantel were available in seven and eight patients, respectively. RESULT: All hepatic lesions were found ina subcapsular location or in contact with Glisson's capsule around the bile duct. Arterial-dominant phase CT(n=11)demonstrated clusters of ill-defined low density masses without rim enhancement. Late-phase CT(n=13) more clearly depicted clustering lesions with enhancing rims and diminution of the low-density area. Follow-up CT scans aftertreatment with antibiotics(n=7) showed no change in the lesions in three patients and slight shrinkage of the mainmass with additional new lesions in four. On CT scans of nine patients performad after praziquantel therapy, hepatic masses were seen in all patients to be very slightly smaller after improvement of peripheral hypereosinophilia. CONCLUSION: Two-phase dynamic CT features appear to be helpful for the diagnosis ofeosinophilic hepatic abscess in patients with peripheral eosinophilia. Parasitic infestation by Fasciola hepaticafor example, is the presumed cause of such abscesses, though further studies are required.
Abscess ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bile Ducts ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophilia ; Eosinophils* ; Fasciola ; Fasciola hepatica ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Abscess* ; Parasites ; Praziquantel ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode that causes zoonosis, mainly in cattle and sheep, and occasionally in humans. Few recent studies have determined the infection status of this fluke in Korea. In August 2015, we collected 402 samples of freshwater snails at Hoenggye-ri (upper stream) and Suha-ri (lower stream) of Song-cheon (stream) in Daegwalnyeong-myeon, Pyeongchang-gun in Gangwon-do (Province) near many large cattle or sheep farms. F. hepatica infection was determined using PCR on the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 402 samples, F. hepatica 1TS-2 marker was detected in 6 freshwater snails; thus, the overall prevalence in freshwater snails was 1.5%. The prevalence varied between collection areas, ranging from 0.0% at Hoenggye-ri to 2.9% at Suha-ri. However, F. gigantica ITS-2 was not detected in the 6 F. hepatica-positive samples by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of the 6 F. hepatica ITS-2 PCR-positive samples were 99.4% identical to the F. hepatica ITS-2 sequences in GenBank, whereas they were 98.4% similar to F. gigantica ITS-2 sequences. These results indicated that the prevalence of F. hepatica in snail intermediate hosts was 1.5% in Gangwon-do, Korea; however the prevalence varied between collection areas. These results may help us to understand F. hepatica infection status in natural environments.
Agriculture ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cattle ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Fasciola hepatica* ; Fasciola* ; Fresh Water* ; Gangwon-do* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prevalence ; Ranunculaceae ; Sheep ; Snails* ; Trematoda