Objective: This is a study to evaluate the personality types based on Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) in patients with chronic vascular or tension-type headache. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 210 patients with tension-type and vascular headache in the Mashhad city, northeast of Iran. Patients were selected through convenience nonprobability method from December 2010 to January 2012. They were asked to fill demographic questionnaire and MBTI. Data were analyzed with SPSS using Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square and Fisher exact test. Results: The mean age of participants was 33.7 ± 8.2. Patients with vascular headache were mostly female, had higher levels of education, experienced more attacks per month and had shorter duration of headache until seeking treatment compared to the patients with tension-type headache. There was a significant difference in the distribution of personality types and frequency of each personality dimension between two groups. Patients with vascular headaches were significantly more introverted, sensing, thinking and judgmental, as compared to extraversion, intuitional, feeling, and perceiving among the tension-type headaches. Conclusion: Since there was a significant difference in the personality type of the different headache patients, further neuropsychological studies may throw light on the etiology of these chronic headaches.

Word finding difficulty is a known impairments in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study is to adapt homophone meaning generation test to Persian language, and then examine word storage and access in multiple sclerosis patients through these three word-finding tests. This study examined the word retrieval in 90 Persian speaking patients with multiple sclerosis and 90 matched healthy controls through three tasks: semantic fluency, phonemic fluency, and homophonic meaning generation. The Persian homophone meaning generation test had a strong convergent validity with semantic and phonemic switching and an adequate divergent validity with semantic and phonemic clustering. There was a significant difference between two groups in all three tests (p<0.001) except semantic and phonetic clustering (p≥ 0.05). Multiple sclerosis is a disease affecting word access, but not the word storage, and Persian homophone meaning generation test is an appropriate, valid, and reliable test to evaluate word-finding difficulties in this population. HMGT

Tobacco smoking is one of the most important risk factors for the development of oral mucosal lesions such as leukoplakia and hairy tongue. Controversy exists in the literature, however, about the prevalence of oral lesions in smokers. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral lesions in male smokers compared with nonsmokers in Hamadan. A total of 516 male participants were assessed, 258 of whom were smokers and 258 of whom were healthy nonsmokers. The prevalence of lesions was evaluated by clinical observation and biopsy. We found that the most prevalent lesions among smokers were gingival problems and coated tongue; smokers had significantly more lesions than did nonsmokers. Malignant and premalignant lesions were found in a higher age range. Among all participants in our study, we found a large number of oral mucosal lesions in smokers that had a strong correlation with smoking. Dental services need to implement care and health education for smokers to promote health.
Biopsy ; Health Education ; Humans ; Leukoplakia ; Male ; Mouth ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tongue, Hairy

Purpose::Various organizations and institutions are involved in road traffic injury (RTI) and crash registration such as police, forensic medicine organization, hospitals and emergency medical services. But there is a substantial uncertainty in interpreting the data, duplicated data collection and missing data in relation to RTI in most systems. This study aims to identify data sources for RTI surveillance in Iran and to explore traffic safety data source domains, data elements and detailed information by each data source.Methods::This is a qualitative study which was conducted in 2017 in Iran. Data were collected employing semi-structured interviews with informants in road safety organizations in relation to traffic safety including Police, Ministry of Health and Medical Education as well as Forensic Medicine Organization and other authorities-in-charge. For completing the preliminary extraction information, the minimum data set was used and compared in each system.Results::Eight different organizations relevant to road traffic safety were identified. The main domain of data provided by each one consists of Emergency Medical System form, Police KAM114 form, Ministry of Transport and Road Administration, Red Crescent Organization/Disaster Management Information System, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Forensic Medicine Organization, Insurance Company and Ministry of Justice. Each system has its own database, based upon its scope and mainly at crash and post-crash status and little on pre-crash circumstance.Conclusion::All current registry systems are not surveillance systems for RTI prevention. Huge data have been collected in various registry systems in Iran, but most of the collected variables are duplicated in each system. On the other hand, some variables like alcohol and substance abuse, child seat belt, helmet use in relation to RTI prevention are missed in all systems. Accordingly, it is a critical need to integrate and establish a comprehensive surveillance system, with focus on the goal of each system and collection of minimum data in each organization, which currently is underway.