Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial, polygenic, and metabolically complicated disease. A large number of genes are responsible for the biogenesis of T2DM and calpain10 (CAPN10) is one of them. The association of numerous CAPN10 genetic polymorphisms in the development of T2DM has been widely studied in different populations and noticed inconclusive results. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the plausible association of CAPN10 polymorphism SNP-19 (rs3842570) with T2DM and T2DM-related anthropometric and metabolic traits in the Noakhali region of Bangladesh. This case-control study included 202 T2DM patients and 75 healthy individuals from different places in Noakhali. A significant association (p < 0.05) of SNP-19 with T2DM in co-dominant 2R/3R vs. 3R/3R (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; p=0.0014) and dominant (2R/3R) + (2R/2R) vs. 3R/3R (OR, 2.47; p=0.0011) genetic models was observed. High-risk allele 2R also showed a significant association with T2DM in the allelic model (OR, 1.67; p=0.0109). The genotypic frequency of SNP-19 variants showed consistency with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p > 0.05). Additionally, SNP-19 genetic variants showed potential associations with the anthropometric and metabolic traits of T2DM patients in terms of body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Our approach identifies the 2R/3R genotype of SNP-19 as a significant risk factor for biogenesis of T2DM in the Noakhali population. Furthermore, a large-scale study could be instrumental to correlate this finding in overall Bangladeshi population.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pathogens in urinary tract and their antimicrobial susceptibilities, based on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase production in Bangladesh. Methodology and results: The prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in urinary tract and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were identified in 200 isolates from patients with urinary tract infections. Combined disc diffusion was performed to identify the presence of ESBL-producing strains. Moreover, disc approximation assay, disc potentiation test and double disc synergy test were performed to determine the presence of AmpC beta-lactamase producing bacterial strains. This study demonstrated a higher prevalence of UTIs in females (83.5%) than in males (16.5%). The most common pathogen was found Escherichia coli (44.5%), followed by Enterococcus fecalis (24%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.5%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (4.5%). ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase production occurred more frequently in E. coli (25.84%) and P. aeruginosa (100%) respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The result of this study would provide physicians with important information which help them to make a judicious choice of antibiotics for therapeutic purposes. However, it is emphasized that continuous surveillance of antibiogram of medically important organisms causing UTI is necessary for adopting a rational antibiotic policy in the country.