OBJECTIVE:To compare the ultrasound method and continuous reflux extraction process of total flavonoids from Radix Astragali.METHODS:The extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal test with the content of total flavonoids of Radix Astragali as index and with the concentration of ethanol,extraction time,solid-fluid ratio,extraction temperature as factors.RESULTS:Ultrasound extraction process was superior to continuous reflux extraction process.Optimal extraction technology was as follows:the concentration of ethanol of 75%,ultrasonic extraction time of 20 min,solid-liquid ratio of 1:10,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 25 ℃ and extraction rate of 0.325%.CONCLUSION:As compared with continuous reflux extraction process,ultrasonic extraction is fast to operate,solvent saving and high extraction.

Anemia, Aplastic ; therapy ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo establish the mathematical kinetic model of the components extracted from the Salvia miltiorrhiza.

METHODIn the conditions of ultrasound extracting the course of traditional Chinese medicine, the role of ultrasound intensity is large enough, the proliferation of boundary layer can be infinitesimal, as well as the solute upon the surface of medicine quickly into the main solution, we can assume that the whole process of extraction from the control of proliferation. A mathematical model of dual-frequency ultrasound extraction kinetics based on Fick's second diffusion law was established for traditional Chinese medicine. Based on material size and solid/liquid ratio significant factors.

RESULTWe adopt Origin software to carry out a mathematics simulation, the result showed: simulation graphics and experiment value are very fitting.

CONCLUSIONThis proves that S. miltiorrhiza extraction course accords with ordinary extraction dynamics equation at the dual-frequency ultrasound.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Models, Theoretical ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Ultrasonics

[Objective] To analyze the serological characteristics and molecular biology results for a P^k phenotype. [Methods] One patient with P^k phenotype upon unexpected antibodies at Jining Blood Center in July 2022 was selected as the study subject. The blood groups and unexpected antibodies of the proband and his second son were identified using serological methods. The sequences of 3-β-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene (B3GALNT1) and the coding region of α-1,4-galactosyltransferase gene (A4GALT) were amplified and analyzed by PCR direct sequencing, and haploid sequence analysis was carried out on the variant sites of the B3GALNT1 gene. PROVEAN, SIFT, PolyPhen2 and Mutation Taster were used to analyze the effect of mutations on the protein. [Results] Serological test results suggested that the proband was a P2^k type, including anti-P antibody in his serum, and his son was the P2 phenotype. Sequencing analysis revealed that the proband had a compound heterozygous variants of the B3GALNT1 in c. 239T>A (p. Leu80Gln) and c. 433C>T (p. Arg145Ter). Further haploid analysis showed that the c. 239T>A had occurred in one haploid while c. 433C>T was present in the other haploid, and his son carried a heterozygous variant of c. 433C>T (p. Arg145Ter); the proband and his son all have homozygous mutation variants of the A4GALT in c. 903C>G. Bioinformatic analysis also predicted that the mutations were harmful to the protein function. [Conclusion] The compound heterozygous variants c. 239T>A (p. Leu80Gln) and c. 433C>T (p. Arg145Ter) in the B3GALNT1 gene may contribute to the P^k phenotype, of which the c. 239T>A variant has not been reported.