Objective:To investigate the distribution of serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors in different motoneuron populations in spinal Onuf’s nucleus of male rats,and their relationship with the central modulation of the urogenital functions.Methods:Ten adult SD rats(eight male rats and two female rats)were randomly divided into gender control group(n=4,include two male and two female rats)and retrograde tracing group(male rats,n=6).In gender control group,after the spinal L5~6 segments were removed and cut,sections were treated with 5-HT2A or 5-HT7 receptors immunohistochemical stain.In retrograde tracing group,recombinant pseudorabies virus(PRV-152 )were injected into right ischiocavernosus muscles(IC group;n=3)or right external urethral sphincter(EUS group;n=3),respectively.Four days after injection,the L5~6 segments were removed,cut,and treated with 5-HT2A or 5-HT7 receptors double-labeling immunofluorescence stain.Sections were observed by light microscopy or the laser confocal microscopy to detect the distribution of 5-HT2A、5-HT7 receptors in Onuf’s nucleus.Results:5-HT2A receptors immunoreactivity mainly located in the medial part of the dorsolateral nucleus(DLN)of Onuf’s nucleus,and 5-HT7 receptors mainly located in the lateral part of the DLN;5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors expression of male rats in Onuf’s nucleus were more dense than female rats.Immunofluorescence double-labeling detection exhibited that 5-HT2A receptors mainly distributed in surrounding motoneurons innervating the IC muscles,and 5-HT7 receptors mainly expressed in neurons innervating the EUS.Conclusion:5-HT2A and 5-HT7 receptors are heterogeneously distributed in different motoneurons of Onuf’s nucleus innervating different striated muscles.5-HT2A receptor might be preferentially involved in regulation of the sexual reflex,and the 5-HT7 receptor may be mainly participated in the micturition reflex.

The pearly gallstone was discharged after Treatment with Magnetic Field (TMF). The pearly gallstones are measured with FT-IR spectrometer. The results demonstrate that mostly composition of this gall-stones is cholesterol and intermixture with some protean and inorganic calcium salt. Nature pearls is mostly composed with calcium carbonate. Their compositions are different. The pearly gall-stones show sandwich of cholesterol crystal in structure.

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathological features and prognosis of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (AMN) based on WHO classification 2010.

METHODSSeventy consecutive cases of AMN were classified into 5 groups according to WHO classification of digestive system tumors in 2010 including mucinous adenomas/cystadenoma (MA), low grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN), low grade pseudomyxoma peritoneum originated from appendix (PMP-L), invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (MAC) and high grade pseudomyxoma peritoneum originated from appendix (PMP-H). Clinicopathological features, classification, treatment and prognosis of AMN were investigated retrospectively.

RESULTSThere were 11 cases of MA with neoplastic epithelium and mucin being defined in lumen and mucosa but without invasive lesions, and no relapse or death was found. In 41 LAMN cases, mucin was found in submucosa, muscularis proparis, or serosa of appendix, no or only scant mucinous epithelium with low grade dysplasia presented in mucinous pools in most cases (39/41). Among 41 LAMN cases, 3 developed relapse or PMP-L, and no death was observed. In 7 PMP-L cases, low grade dysplastic mucinous epithelium in mucinous pools could be found easily in 3 cases and was very scanty in 4 cases, with 1 relapse and 1 death. Eleven invasive carcinomas were found, including 7 MAC cases and 4 PMP-H cases, with local high grade dysplastic epithelium at least. In these invasive lesions, 4 cases recurred and 3 case died (including 2 recurred cases above). MA and LAMN were both non-invasive neoplasms histologically, however, PMP-L, MAC and PMP-H were regarded as adenocarcinomas according to their biological behavior.

CONCLUSIONAMN displays a relatively homogeneous group of neoplasms that pursues a predictable clinical course based on their nature, so it is necessary to diagnose and administrative accurately with consistently standards for these neoplastic entities.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Appendiceal Neoplasms ; classification ; pathology ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myxoma ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Young Adult