Breast cancer related lymphedema is the accumulation of interstitial fluid due to the lymphatic fluid load exceeds its transport ability as a consequence of the lesion of lymphatic structure.It mainly presents as swelling of the affected limb,a feeling of heaviness or tightness in the limb,aching and restricted limb motion.Its incidence is related to surgery,chemical therapy,obesity,hypertention as well as the alteration of particular genes.To prevent the occurrence and exacerbation of lymphedema,patients should avoid the overuse of the affected limb.While limb exercise step by step can solve part of this problem,but not all,doctor should also take both the patterns of exercise and risk factors that patients expose into consideration,then make a individualized exercise plan,evaluate the condition precisely,in order to achieve the best treatment purposes.

Objective The article is prepared to evaluate the efficacy of Chinese acupressure and ventral massage on prevention and treatment of constipation.Methods Electronic databases such as CNKI,VIP,CBM,Wanfang,EBSCO,PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched from their establishment to December 2013 to meet the inclusion criteria of randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials.Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 and Stata 12.0 software.Results A total of 29 RCTs involving 3 084 participants were included.The Meta analysis showed that compared with the control group,the new option for prevention and treatment tended to be more effective for constipation.Compared with the control group,first defecation time,defecation difficulty rate,defecation time,dry stool rate and defecating unfinished feeling rate of the experimental group were lower.Laxative provided for the experimental group was less than that of the control group.Conclusions On the basis of available evidence,the traditional Chinese acupressure and ventral massage treatment are effective and safe in prevention and treatment of constipation.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative pathway manual in clinical clerkship of fundamentals of nursing.Methods A total of 120 undergraduate nursing students were sampled at random and divided into the experimental group(57 students) and the control group(60 students).The control group undertook the clinical clerkship according to the traditional syllabus,meanwhile,the experimental group referred to the innovative pathway manual.At the end of clinical clerkship,questionnaires were used to investigate the opinion of these two groups about the effectiveness of clinical clerkship.Results The experimental group were better than those of the control group in general self-evaluation of clinical clerkship,consolidation and improvement of knowledge by clinical clerkship,improvement of learning interest,practice of technique and promotion of occupation of emotion.Conclusions It is feasible and effective to use the innovative pathway manual in clerkship of fundamentals of nursing.

Objective To determine the clinical value of the multi-slice spiral CT virtual endoscopy (CTVE) for the detection of biliary pancreatic junction lesions. Method MSCT and virtual endoscopic reconstruction were performed in 30 healthy volunteers, 18 cases of common bile duct stones and 7 cases of ampullary carcinoma to observe patterns of duodenal papilla and measure its size.Results Reconstructed image of CTVE showed that the normal duodenal papilla was nodular in 16,shaped like "V" in 8 "Y-shaped" in 6 of the healthy volunteers. Its diameter was (0.84±0.17)cm. In the patients with common bile duct stones, it was nodular and its diameter (1.72±0.32)cm. In the patients with ampullary cancer, it was of irregular protruded type and its diameter (2.30±0.85)cm.There was significant difference among the 3 groups in the overall mean values (P＜0.01). Conclusion CTVE is a convenient, non-invasive and precise clinical examination to observe the shape of duodenal papilla and determine its size.

Objective To investigate the level of professional commitment of nursing baccalaureate students,and explore the relationship between the professional commitment and communication ability.Methods Questionnaires were used to investigate 430 nursing baccalaureate students who were studying in the school.Results The professional commitment of nursing students was in the middle level.Correlation analysis revealed that the communication ability was correlated with the professional commitment.Conclusions We should take measures to improve the competency of professional commitment of nursing undergraduate students,strengthen their communication ability,promote the construction of nursing staff.

Objective To explore the effect of carbohydrate administration on postoperative insulin resistance after gastroenteric tumor resection.Methods Sixty elective gastroenteric tumor resection patients were divided into observation group and control group by random number table method,with 30 cases in each.Observation group was given carbohydrate administration before surgery,that was 2 h before anesthesia oral carbohydrates 300 ml containing 50 g glucose;control group was treated according to the traditional methods,preoperative fasting 12 h,6 h forbidden to drink.The blood samples were collected to measure the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) at 3 h before operation and 1,3,7 d postoperation respectively.Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was applied to calculate the insulin resistance index.Results The levels of FBG,FINS,HOMA-IR at 1,3 d postoperation in two groups were significantly higher than those at 3 h preoperation [observation group:(10.65 ± 1.78),(7.32 ± 1.48) mmol/L vs.(5.09 ±0.43) mmol/L,(25.78 ± 12.43),(16.23 ±7.56) mU/L vs.(10.48 ± 1.57) mU/L,11.67 ±6.32,5.12 ± 2.11 vs.2.35 ± 0.54;control group:(11.18 ± 1.25),(8.04 ± 1.53) mmol/L vs.(5.12 ± 0.39) mmol/L,(39.67 ± 10.37),(24.34 ± 6.78) mU/L vs.(9.98 ± 2.04) mU/L,19.07 ± 5.49,8.56 ± 2.87 vs.2.28 ± 0.39](P ＜ 0.05).The levels of FINS,HOMA-IR at 1,3 d postoperation in control group were higher than those in observation group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of FINS and HOMA-IR at 7 d postoperation in observation group were returned to the 3 h preoperative (P ＞ 0.05),while the levels in control group [(16.32 ± 4.56) mU/L,3.87 ± 1.12] was still higher than those at 3 h preoperation (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Carbohydrate administration may shorten the insulin resistance durion after gastroenteric tumor resection,and reduce the intensity of insulin resistance,thus contributing to the rehabilitation of patients.

Objective To investigate the relationships between occupational coping self-efficacy, job stress and core competence of nurses. Methods A total of 493 registered nurses were recruited in the survey with the Chinese nurse job stressors scale, occupational coping self-efficacy scale for nurses and competency inventory for registered nurse (CIRN). The correlations were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The total scores on occupational coping self-efficacy, job stress of nurses and core competence of nurses were (31.94 ± 6.39), (90.29 ± 17.41) and (159.93 ± 34.31), respectively. Nurses′occupational coping self-efficacy negatively correlated with (r=-0.267, P<0.01) and positively correlated with the core competence of nurses (r=0.355, P<0.01). Conclusions The occupational coping self-efficacy of the nurses can be improved by successful experiencing, verbal persuasion and positive feedback. In this way, nurses core competence can be enhanced and their job stress can be relieved and consequently the quality of nursing can be enhanced.

Objective To investigate the effect of triptolide (TP) on proliferation and apoptosis of cyst-lining epithelial cells with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease ( ADPKD). Methods Primary cultured cyst-lining epithelial cells were treated with TP at different concentrations for 12 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h, respectively.The proliferation activity of the cells was evaluated by Brdu assay. The cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The apoptotic and apoptotic ratio were determined by FITC-AnnexinV binding/ PI. The morphological changes of cyst-lining epithelial cells were observed under transmission electron microscope. Results TP significantly inhibited the proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells and induced apoptosis in a dose- (10-40 ng?mL-1 )and time-dependent(12-48 h) manner. Typical ultrastructural changes of apoptotic cells were observed under electron microscope. Conclusion TP significantly inhibited the proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells and induced the apoptosis of cyst-lining epithelial cells, thus inhibited cyst forming and delayed cyst developing. The mechanism may involve several targets and pathways.

Objective To investigate the level of professional commitment of student nurses,and explore the impact of student nurses' role conflict and role ambiguity on their professional commitment.Methods From May to June 2014,totally 320 student nurses from a third-level hospital in Tianjin were recruited in this study.And Role Stress Scale and Nursing Professional Commitment Scale were used in the investigation.Results The total score of role stress of student nurses was (44.29±5.53) scores,and the total score of professional commitment of student nurses was (86.12±14.14) scores.Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that student nurses' role conflict was positively correlated with professional commitment,but their role ambiguity was negatively correlated with professional commitment.Conclusion School and hospital managers should adopt effective measures to relieve student nurses' role ambiguity and guide the correct understanding of role conflict to maintain a stable nursing team.

Objective Bibliometric analysis on research status and developing trends of work engagement of nurse in China, so as to provide reference and theoretical guidance for further research. Methods All published papers on work engagement of nurses were retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang and VIP database before July 2017 with the keywords "nurse" "nursing" "medical staff" "health personal""work engagement" "occupational engagement". Results A total of 189 included articles were published in 65 kinds of Chinese journals,and the number of publication tends to rose every year.Among them,the number of papers published by core periodicals accounted for 70.67% and the proportion of fund literature was 17.99%. There were 170 of survey studies, accounting for 89.95% of the total amount of literature. The main content of the included studies were the research on the relationship between organizational support, psychological capital, turnover intention and the work engagement of nurses. Conclusion Study on nurses′ work engagement in China is still in the initial stage and with the development rapidly. However, the depth and scope of these research is not enough, and the types and contents are relatively simple. The follow- up study should focus on theoretical construction and intervention research.