Objective:To investigate the serum level and significance of complement factor B (CFB) and complement factor D (CFD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).Methods:From October 2019 to October 2020, 110 patients with T2DM in the endocrinology department of Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College were divided into DPN group ( n=60) and simple T2DM group ( n=50) according to whether or not DPN was combined. In addition, 52 cases of physical examination population in the physical examination center in the same period were selected as the normal control group ( n=52). The serum levels of CFB, CFD and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between CFB, CFD and clinical indexes was analyzed, and the influencing factors of DPN were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:The serum levels of CFB and CFD in DPN group were higher than those in T2DM group and normal control group [CFB: (845.43±101.10)μg/ml vs (792.19±116.59)μg/ml, (739.20±123.43)μg/ml, P<0.05], [CFD: (491.71±41.03)mg/L vs (467.58±45.16)mg/L, (445.16±50.47)mg/L, P<0. 05]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum level of CFB was positively correlated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and TNF-α (all P<0.05) and negatively correlated with triiodothyronine (FT3) and total bilirubin (TBIL) (all P<0.05). Serum CFD level was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, HbA 1c, FPG and TNF-α (all P<0.05), but negatively correlated with FT3 and TBIL (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that CFB and CFD were still influential factors for the occurrence and development of DPN after excluding confounding factors such as systolic blood pressure, HbA 1c, FPG, FT3, DBIL, TBIL and TNF-α. Conclusions:(1) Serum CFB and CFD levels were significantly increased in DPN patients, suggesting that CFB and CFD may be involved in the occurrence and development of DPN. (2) Serum TNF-α level was significantly increased in DPN patients, confirming the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of DPN.

Objective:To investigate the peripheral blood levels of vitamin D and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and their clinical significance.Methods:Adopting a prospective research approach, 100 patients with HT from October 2022 to April 2023 in Jining First People′s Hospital were selected. Among them, the normal thyroid function was in 50 cases (HT normal thyroid function group), and the hypothyroidism was in 50 cases (HT hypothyroidism group). Another 50 cases of physical examination in the same period were selected as healthy control group. The general data were recorded. The levels of free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), vitamin D and MCP-1 were measured. Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson method or Spearman method. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors leading to the development of HT, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the diagnostic value of vitamin D and MCP-1 for HT. Results:The FT 3 and FT 4 in HT hypothyroidism group were significantly lower than those in healthy control group and HT normal thyroid function group: (3.48 ± 1.00) pmol/L vs. (4.48 ± 0.49) and (4.28 ± 0.47) pmol/L, 12.40 (10.01, 14.23) pmol/L vs. 15.70 (14.30, 17.33) and 15.00 (13.10, 16.00) pmol/L, the TSH was significantly higher than that in healthy control group and HT normal thyroid function group: 8.60 (5.56, 27.13) mU/L vs. 1.97 (1.23, 2.89) and 3.06 (2.34, 3.42) mU/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there were no statistical differences in FT 3, FT 4 and TSH between healthy control group and HT normal thyroid function group ( P>0.05). The TPOAb, TgAb and MCP-1 in HT normal thyroid function group and HT hypothyroidism group were significantly higher than those in healthy control group: 367.90 (151.60, 547.30) and 426.00 (175.30, 600.00) kU/L vs. 9.00 (9.00, 9.30) kU/L, 410.00 (222.00, 1 218.00) and 1 061.00 (427.30, 1 604.00) kU/L vs. 13.20 (12.08, 15.03) kU/L, 66.20 (54.43, 105.3) and 79.47 (41.57, 114.1) ng/L vs. 21.78 (15.23, 45.83) ng/L, the vitamin D was significantly lower than that in healthy control group: 14.32 (11.24, 16.99) and 12.73 (10.87, 15.36) μg/L vs. 18.12 (15.49, 21.92) μg/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01); there were no statistical difference in TPOAb, TgAb, MCP-1 and vitamin D between HT normal thyroid function group and HT hypothyroidism group ( P>0.05). In healthy control group, there were no correlation between vitamin D, MCP-1 and FT 3, FT 4, TSH, TPOAb, TgAb ( P>0.05). In HT normal thyroid function group, vitamin D was positively correlated with FT 4 ( r = 0.376, P<0.01), negatively correlated with TPOAb ( r = - 0.400, P<0.01), and not correlated with FT 3, TSH and TgAb ( P>0.05); MCP-1 was positively correlated with TgAb ( r = 0.579, P<0.01), and not correlated with FT 3, FT 4, TSH, TPOAb ( P>0.05). In HT hypothyroidism group, vitamin D was positively correlated with FT 3 and FT 4 ( r = 0.522 and 0.567, P<0.01), negatively correlated with TSH, TPOAb and TgAb ( r = - 0.568, - 0.404 and - 0.328; P<0.01 or <0.05); MCP-1 was negatively correlated with FT 3 and FT 4 ( r = - 0.351 and - 0.469, P<0.05 or <0.01), positively correlated with TSH, TPOAb and TgAb ( r = 0.508, 0.431 and 0.522; P<0.01). In healthy control group, MCP-1 was not correlated with vitamin D ( P>0.05); in HT normal thyroid function group and HT hypothyroidism group, MCP-1 was negatively correlated with vitamin D ( r = - 0.457 and - 0.533, P<0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis result showed that female, family history of thyroid disease, reduced vitamin D and elevated MCP-1were independent risk factors for the development of HT ( OR = 3.619, 3.675, 0.730 and 1.050; 95% CI 1.140 to 12.590, 1.174 to 16.220, 0.637 to 0.818 and 1.033 to 1.070; P<0.05 or <0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that vitamin D, MCP-1 and vitamin D combined with MCP-1 had moderate diagnostic value for HT (area under the curve was 0.808, 0.858 and 0.886), and the combined diagnostic value was higher than that of the single index. Conclusions:In patients with HT, the serum vitamin D levels decrease and MCP-1 levels increase, which are related to thyroid function and antibodies. Insufficient vitamin D and increased MCP-1 can both increase the risk of HT.

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NLRP3 gene with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

METHODSA total of 885 subjects including 410 MetS patients and 475 healthy controls were recruited. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program in Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Two common SNPs of the NLRP3 gene, rs10754558 and rs4612666, were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method.

RESULTSThe frequencies of G allele and GG genotype of the NLRP3 rs10754558 in the MetS group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that the GG genotype (OR=2.223, 95%CI: 1.296-6.924, P=0.00034) and G allele (OR=1.440, 95%CI: 1.189-4.063, P=0.00028) were associated with increased risk of MetS. NLRP3 rs10754558 GG genotype was associated with higher level of insulin resistance and visceral adiposity index. No association of NLRP3 rs4612666 SNPs with susceptibility to MetS was identified in this population.

CONCLUSIONNLRP3 gene rs10754558 polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of MetS. The G allele and genotype GG are risk factors for MetS.

Adult ; Aged ; Carrier Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; etiology ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide