Objective To explore the value of CT in the diagnosis of diffuse axonal injury (DAI).Methods CT signs of 45 cases with DAI were reviewed retrospectioely.Results The diffuse brain edema were found in 45 cases in early stage on CT and small hemorrhage diameter than 2 cm at cerebral hemisphere 18 cases,basal nuclei 10 cases,brainstem 3 cases.Other findings included subarachnoid hemorrhage 21 cases,intraventricular hemorrhage 8 cases,subdural hematoma 7 cases,epidural hematoma 5 cases,and skull fracture 9 cases.Conclusion CT is valuable in diagnosis of DAI.

BACKGROUND: Whether choosing a suitable biological scaffold compounding with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can construct an ideal tissue-engineering cartilage or not should be researched further.OBJ ECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of constructing artificial cartilage by using amplified rabbit MSCs which were inoculated on poly-glycolic acid (PGA).DESIGN: Single sample observation.SETTING: Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Sichuan Luzhou Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Luzhou Medical College from October 2004 to October 2005. A total of 8 Japanese large ear rabbits, of both genders, clean grade, aged from 2 to 3 months, weighing 1.5-2.0 kg, were fed in normal temperature and humidity. Poly-glycolic acid was provided by Albany Company, USA.METHODS: Rabbit MSCs were separated, obtained and amplified. In addition, poly-glycolic acid was sheared into pieces with the size of 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm and embedded with poly-L-lysine. Amplified MSCs were inoculated on the surface of poly-glycolic acid, and then, they were averagely grown on pre-wet scaffold of poly-glycolic acid according to 4 mL/cm3multi-points spreading style and cultured in vitro for 3 weeks. After the operations mentioned above, samples were regarded as the experimental group. Scaffolds of poly-glycolic acid without MSCs were considered as the control group.Samples in both experimental group and control group were transplanted into abdominal cavity of 4 rabbits, respectively,cultured in vivo for 6-12 weeks, taken out and observed generally. Meanwhile, the samples were fixed with 100 g/L neutrality formaldehyde, cut into sections with the thickness of 5 μm, stained with haematine-eosin (HE) and observed their histomorphological characteristics. Moreover, the samples were stained with alcian blue for observation of glycosaminoglycans formation, with toluidine blue for observation of metachromasia matrix formation, and with immunohistochemical staining for detection of type- Ⅱ collagen expression.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Generally observational results of two kinds ofscaffolds at 6 and 12 weeks after transplanting into experimental rabbits, various staining results and expression of type- Ⅱ collagen.RESULTS: A total of 8 experimental rabbits were involved in the final analysis. ① Generally observational results of two kinds of scaffolds at 6 and 12 weeks after transplanting into experimental rabbits: At 6 weeks after transplanting scaffold into abdominal cavity of rabbits, samples in the experimental group were still coated with greater omentum of abdominal cavity. After clearing greater omentum, three samples were light yellow, smooth and moderate quality; meanwhile, their appearances were coincidence with those before transplantation. However, one sample was gray black and soft quality;meanwhile, it was not able to take shape. Twelve weeks later, appearances of samples in the experimental group were still coincidence with those before transplantation. They were gray white, smooth but hard quality. However, samples in the control group were mostly absorbed at 6 and 12 weeks after transplantation, especially, samples were remarkably absorbed at 12 weeks after transplantation. Any tissue like cartilage did not form in both two durations. ② Various staining results and expression of type- Ⅱ collagen at 6 and 12 weeks after transplanting scaffolds into experimental rabbits: Results of HE staining showed that, at 6 weeks after transplantation, structure of cartilage lacuna-like was started form, and PGA scaffold began to be degraded. In contrast, at 12 weeks postoperatively, some cartilage-like tissue were observed in compound, cartilage lacuna-like structure formed obviously; cells arrayed regularly and geminately existed In cartilage lacuna-like atructure; the smaller cell sizes observed at borders and the bigger ones observed at the center;PGA degraded completely. Results of alcian blue staining showed that, at 6 weeks after transplantation, a partial of regions in tissue were light blue; meanwhile, at 12 weeks after transplantation, matrixes in tissue were mostly blue. This suggested that a lot of glycosaminoglycans were formed. Results of toluidine blue staining suggested that, at 6 weeks after transplantation, blue metachromasia matrixes were observed in tissue; meanwhile, at 12 weeks after transplantation, blue metachromasia matrixes were stronger and stronger in tissue. Results of immunohistochemical staining indicated that, at 6 weeks after transplantation, buffy positive granules were observed in plasma and a few of type-Ⅱ collagen expressed in matrix; meanwhile, at 12 weeks after transplantation, powerfully positive expressions were observed in both plasma and matrix. Expression of type- Ⅱ collage showed that, at 6 weeks after transplantation, dark buffy positive granules were observed in plasma and a few of type- Ⅱ collagen mRNA expressed in matrix; meanwhile, at 12 weeks after transplantation, powerfully positive expressions were observed in both plasma and matrix. Samples in the control group were completely absorbed and any tissue-engineering samples did not form.CONCLUSION: Affecting by osteogenic inducer, rabbit MSCs can generate tissue-engineering cartilage after culture in vitro and in vivo.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with kinesitherapy on dysfunction after brachial plexus injury. Methods 60 cases with brachial plexus injury following dysfunction were divided into two groups. The experimental group (n=30) was treated with neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with kinesitherapy. The control group (n=30) was treated with kinesitherapy. Two groups were assessed by the brachial plexus function evaluation standard before and 3 months after the treatment.Results Two group all improved 3 months after the treatment (P<0.05), while the experimental group was better than the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Neuromuscular electrical stimulation combined with kinesitherapy is more effective to improve the function after brachial plexus injury.

BACKGROUND:Acupuncture has been found to be effective for alleviating low back pain and acute pain due to knee arthritis, but its effect on chronic pain is under discussion. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the mechanism underlying electroacupuncture (EA) alleviating chronic pain in a New Zealand rabbit model of knee arthritis. METHODS:(1) Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were selected, and the knee osteoarthritis model was established by injecting 4% papain into the knee articular cavity of rabbit's bilateral hind limbs. The model rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (n=8 per group): normal saline plus EA, normal saline plus sham EA, nor-Binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) plus EA, and nor-BNI plus sham EA groups. The dosage of nor-BNI was 1 mg/kg, once daily, for consecutive 3 days. 30-minute EA was given at 2 hours after administration, once daily, until the day the rabbits were killed. Sham EA indicated no given electric current. The behaviors of the lower limbs were evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores. The rabbits were respectively killed at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after administration, the spinal cord was separated, and then fixed with formaldehyde. The expression levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-17 receptor A and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were detected by immunofluorescence. (2) The other 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into model and control groups (n=12 per group), and the knee osteoarthritis model was established in the former group. Afterwards, the two groups were randomized into two subgroups, followed by given the intrathecal administration of normal saline, or 2 μg interleukin-17 antibody serum dissolvedin 10 μL normal saline, once daily, for consecutive 3 days. The behaviors of the lower limbs were evaluated by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores, and the expression levels of p-NR1 and interleukin-17 receptor were detected by western blot assy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the nor-BNI plus EA group were significantly increased, while the expression levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-17 receptor A and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were significantly decreased (P< 0.05). The expression level of NRI did not differ significantly between nor-BNI plus EA and nor-BNI plus sham EA groups (P> 0.05). After administration of interleukin-17 antibody serum, the Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores in the model group was significantly increased, and the expression levels of interleukin-17 and NR1 in the spinal cord tissues were significantly decreased, but still significantly higher than those in the control subgroups (P< 0.05). These results suggest that chronic pain in knee arthritis is the result of an increase in the expression level of NRI induced by interleukin-17. EA can remarkably improve the pain in the model rabbits of knee arthritis by downregulating interleukin-17 in the spinal cord tissues, rather than interleukin-17 receptor.

A reversed phase ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric method was developed for the separation and analysis of triglycerides in edible oils. The samples were separated by using three ultra performance C18 columns in series with a total length of 40 cm (10 cm + 15 cm + 15 cm) at high pressure with acetonitrile-isopropanol (50:50, V/V) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0. 2 mL/min and at col-umn temperature of 25℃, and detected by APCI ionization-mass spectrometry. The edible oil sample was dis-solved in isopropanol and injected in LC-MS directly. The triglycerides in edible oils were distinguished to their better fine components which included corn oil, peanut oil, sunflower seed oil, rice oil, olive oil, sesa-me oil and soybean oil. The chromatograms of different edible oils showed that the same kind of edible oil was composed of similar triglyceride composition and content, while the different kind of edible oils differed. The experimental result showed that the method could be use for identifying 5% lard adulterated in soybean oil. The method suggests a significant research way for identifying adulteration in edible oil.

BACKGROUND: The pain and the unstability of the knee joint are the main clinical manifestation of knee osteoarthritis.OBJECTIVE: To verify the efficacy of ultrasonic drug penetration combiued with quadriceps exercise in treating senile knee osteoarthritis.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Rehabilitation Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-six in-patient and out-patient cases of the knee osteoarthritis, 28 males and 48 females and total 109 knees, were chosen in the Orthopaedic Department and Rehabilitation Department in the Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College in theperiod between August,2001 and August, 2004. The cases were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 38 cases each.therapy apparatus made in Mianyang was adopted and the diameter of the handpiece was 3 cm. 10 g/L dichloride sodium emulsion (made by Beijing Nuohua Pharmaceutical co.,Ltd) was taken as the coupling agent to smear around the knee joint about 0.75 -1.25 W/cm2, once a day, and 8-10 minutes per time. Meanwhile the static isometric contraction exercise of the knee joint in the extension position was done. Using the quardriceps isometric exercise apparatus, the Delorme progressive resisThe same ultrasonic therapy was done as the therapy group. The nonthermal and microthermal ultrasonic wave was adopted on the suffered location 10 -15 minutes per time, and the tolerance dose of the mid-frequency current was given 20 minutes per time and once a day using the CM-efficacy was assessed in the two groups 4 weeks after the therapy. During the therapy period the anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs were not patient's knee joint activities of daily life (0 score signifies no pain, 10 scores severe pain, the pain relief better than 40% that before the therapy means the effectiveness). The lower limb activity of daily life was chosen to evaluate the patient's knee joint activities of daily life (5 items,total 10 scores, high score means good, low score means poor). The maximal loading dose in the extension position of the knee joint was measured on the quadriceps isometric exercise apparatus using the suspension weight method.The maximal loading dose in the extension position of the knee joint in the two groups.result of the walking pain scale in the two groups before and after the therapy: The score of pain evaluation after therapy was significantly lower than that before the therapy (P ＜ 0.01), and there was no significant differs knee joint activities of daily life in the two groups before and after the therapy: the result after the therapy was siguifieantly better than that before the therapy, and the efficacy after the therapy was significantly higher than that before the therapy, the efficacy of the experiment group was better than that of the control group (9.61±1.82, 8.77±2.28), while there was tion results of the maximal loading dose in the extension position of the knee joint in the two groups: the result of the experimental group after the therapy was significantly better than that of the experimental group before the therapy and the control group [ (10.05±2.41) kg vs (7.86±1.98) kg and (8.76±1.65) kg, P ＜ 0.01 ].CONCLUSION: The ultrasonic wave using the dichloride sodium emulsion as the ultrasonic coupling agent in combination with quadriceps strengthening exercise in treating the senile knee osteoarthritis is efficacious in relieving pain and improving the ADL ability of the knee joint, increasing the maximal loading dose in the extension position of the knee joint and the stability of the knee joint. The efficacy of the combination therapy is better than the single ultrasonic therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the difference of phlebitis induced by Alprostadil injection with different ad-ministration routes,and to provide evidence-based reference for clinical rational use. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EM-Base,Cochrane Library,CBM,CJFD,VIP and Wanfang database,RCTs about phlebitis induced by Alprostadil injection with dif-ferent administration routes were collected. Meta-analysis was conducted by Rev Man 5.2 statistical software after literature screen-ing,data extraction and quality evaluation according to Cochrane System Evaluator's Manual 5.1.0. RESULTS:A total of 20 RCTs were included,involving 2562 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the incidence of phlebitis induced by intravenous injection was significantly higher than that induced by intravenous dripping [OR=4.11,95%CI(1.59,10.67),P=0.004] and intrave-nous pump [OR=3.50,95%CI(1.50,8.16),P=0.004]. The incidence of phlebitis induced by general apparatus infusion was signifi-cantly higher than that induced by fine filtering infusion [OR=0.03,95%CI(0.01,0.08),P<0.001],with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS:The incidence of phlebitis induced by low-concentration of Alprostadil injection or fine filtering infusion is low-er,and that of intravenous injection is higher.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the concepts and contents of the Chinese precision medicine,and to provide reference for the development of precision medicine in China.METHODS:By evidence-based evaluation method,using jingzhun yixue jingzhun yiliaoprecision medicineas keywords,all literatures were retrieved from CBM,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,PubMed and Ovid EMBase databases up to Nov.17th,2015.The relevant information were extracted,including researchers (first author or correspondence author's unit belonged to China),domains and concepts.The concepts and contents of the Chinese precision medicine based on China's national condition were summarized and analyzed,and the difference between precision medicine and personalized medicine was compared.RESULTS:54 studies were included,the results indicated most studies (51 literatures) were published in 2015 by hospitals (28 literatures) and high schools (14 literatures);most literatures (23 literatures) presented the concept of precision medicine,followed by disease precision medicine (19 literatures) and relevant technology of precision medicine (7 literatures);a total of 39 literatures presented the specific concept of precision medicine.Besides genetic information involved in American precision medicine,the Chinese one expanded the disease diagnosis and treatment technology,as well as the application.Personalized medicine and precision medicine were in common partially,however,the latter one underlined the disease classification and diagnosis,which was more practicable.CONCLUSIONS:Chinese precision medicine involves disease diagnosis and treatment technology as well as influential factors based on genetic information,and includes disease classification and diagnosis so as to perform personalized precision intervention.The Chinese precision medicine is overall developed and focused.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary hypertension induced by alternation of pulmonary function and structure is the prerequisite of pulmonary-cardiac disorder. Chinese herb, fenxin mixture(FXM) reduces effectively pulmonary hypertension, but the mechanism on which has not been completely explained yet.OBJECTIVE: To comp are the reversal effects between feixin mixture and nifedipine on vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary hypertension.DESIGN: Randomized controlled experimental study in which experimental animals are taken as the objects.SETTING: Nursing department of affiliated hospital of a medical university;a medical college affiliated hospital and department of traditional Chinese medicine of a provincial hospital.METHODS: Monocrotaline(MCT) (50 mg/kg) was used to duplicate pulmonary-cardiac model in rats. Totally 60 Wister male rats were randomized into 6 groups, namely normal control group, model group, FXM groups of low, middle and high dosages successively and nifedipine group, 10 rats in each group. Since the 14th day of modeling, the corresponding medications were administrated with gastric infusion, continuously for 8 days. After the rats sacrificed, the special staining collaborating with pathological image analysis was used to determine the measurement alternations on path-morphology of pulmonary small artery.wall square(VWS)/total vessel square(TVS), cavity square(CS)/TVS of pulmonary small artery in rats of every group.RESULTS: Both feixin mixture and nifedipine alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling remarkably( P ＜ 0.01 ), of which, the effect was the best in feixin mixture group of high dosage. But, the every index in experimental groups had not recovered to the level in normal control group completely.CONCLUSION: Feixin mixture reverses partially the remodeling of pulmonary vascular structure and reduces effectively pulmonary hypertension.

Objective To explore the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion combined with quadriceps exercise on osteoarthritis of knee joint. Methods 82 cases of knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into the acup-moxibustion group (41 cases, treated with acup-moxibustion and quadriceps exercise treatment) and routine treatment group (41 cases). Lower limb ability of daily life respectively and knee pain of patients before and 30 days after treatment were evaluated. Results Clinical symptoms of patients in both groups were improved significantly after treatment. The acup-moxibustion group was better than traditional group in relieving pain and improving the lower limb ability of daily life (P<0.01). Conclusion The acup-moxibustion therapy combined with quadriceps exercise has preferable clinical curative effect on knee osteoarthritis.