Humans ; Sphenoid Bone ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the molecular characteristics of a ABO subgroup. METHODS: The ABO phenotype was determined with the tube method. Exons of the ABO gene were analyzed by Sanger sequencing, and haplotypes of exons 6 and 7 were analyzed by cloning sequencing. RESULTS: By forward typing, the red blood cells showed 3+ agglutination reaction with anti-A and 4+ agglutination with anti-B. A weak reaction with A1 cells and no agglutination reaction with B, O cells by the reverse typing. Sequencing results showed heterozygosity including c.297A>G, c.467C>T, c.526C>G, c.608A>G, c.657C>T, c.703G>A, c.796C>A, c.803G>C, c.930G>A. Cloning sequencing revealed a c.608A>G variant in the A allele compared with the ABO*A1.02. CONCLUSION A new variant site of subtype A of c.608G variation has been identified.
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics* ; Alleles ; Exons ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Phenotype

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of ultra-early endovascular treatment of ruptured tiny intracranial aneurysms(RTIAs).Methods A total of 35 patients with RTIAs who were treated with endovascular embolization within 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage in our department from May 2017 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The basic clinical information,endovascular treatment results,clinical and imaging follow-up results were analyzed.Results The mean aneurysms maximum diameter is was(2.5±0.4)mm.Of these 35 patients with RTIAs,23 patients(65.7％)were treated with simple coil embolization,12 patients(34.3％)with stent assisted coiling.Immediate angiographic results showed that Raymond grade Ⅰ in 20 patients(57.1％),Ⅱ in 13(37.2％),Ⅲ in 2(5.7％).Perioperative complications occurred in 4 patients(11.4％),including Intraoperative aneurysm rupture in 2(5.7％),intra-stent thrombosis in 2(5.7％),massive cerebral infarction followed by decompressive craniectomy in 1,postoperative death in 1.Angiographic follow-up was performed in 24 patients(68.6％),recurrence in 1 patient receiving retreatment.Clinical follow-up were performed in 33 patients,The mRS of 0-2 were in 31 patients(93.9％).Conclusion Ultra-early endovascular treatment of RTIAs is effective and relatively safe,with favorable angiographic results and clinical outcomes at follow up.Intraoperative aneurysm rupture and thrombosis are the major perioperative complications.

Objective: To explore the anti-inflammatory immune mechanism in moxibustion treatment of Crohn.s disease (CD) from the perspective of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, through observing the regulatory effect ofmoxibustion on colonic JNK, c-Jun, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in CDmodel rats. Method: Male Sprague-Dawley rats of clean grade were randomized into a normal group, a model group, amoxibustion group and a sham moxibustion group. CD model was developed by the mixture of 2, 4, 6 Trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) and ethanol via enema. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphologicalchanges in rat.s colon tissues for pathological scoring; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detectthe contents of MCP-1, COX2, JNK, and c-Jun in colon tissues; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was adopted toexamine the mRNA expressions of JNK and c-Jun in rat.s colon. Result: Compared with the normal group, the modelgroup showed more significant colonic damage and thus had a higher colonic damage score (P ＜ 0.01), manifested astopical inflammation which involved the submucosa, fissuring ulcers and granuloma; the model group also showedincreased contents of protein MCP-1 and COX2, and elevated contents of JNK protein and mRNA in colon (all P ＜ 0.05), while the change in the content of c-Jun was insignificant (all P＞ 0.05) . Compared with the model group and shammoxibustion group, the colonic damage score was lower in the moxibustion group (P ＜ 0.01, P ＜ 0.05), with improvementin colonic structure and inflammation; the contents of MCP-1 and COX2 in colon tissues declined, so did the proteincontent and mRNA expression of JNK (all P ＜ 0.05), while the change in the content of c-Jun was insignificant (all P＞0.05) . There were no significant differences between the model group and sham moxibustion group comparing all theindexes (all P＞ 0.05) . Conclusion: Moxibustion down-regulates the expressions of JNK protein and mRNA in CD rat.scolon, as well as the contents of MCP-1 and COX2 in colon tissues, which is possibly one significant mechanism formoxibustion to ease intestinal inflammation and promote the repair of colon tissues in CD.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Acyl-CoA: lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 (ALCAT1) on hepatocyte steatosis and oxidative stress in fatty liver cell model.Methods:A fatty liver cell model was established and induced by free fatty acids (FFA). The expression of ALCAT1 in fatty liver cell model was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. The empty siRNA plasmid and ALCAT1 siRNA plasmid were constructed. For the fatty liver cell model group, human normal hepatocytes (L-02 cells) were transfected with empty siRNA plasmid for 24 hours, and then cultured with FFA for 24 hours. For the ALCAT1 interfering group, L-02 cells were transfected with ALCAT1 siRNA plasmid for 24 hours, and then cultured with FFA for 24 hours. And L-02 cells cultured in common medium were used as as blank control group. Lipid droplet deposition and mitochondrial morphology were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of autophagy-associated proteins (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-Ⅱ and Beclin1) and key proteins of autophagy signal pathway (mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and serine/threonine kinase (AKT)) were measured by Western blotting. The expression levels of oxidative stress products (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and reactive oxygen species (ROS)) and inflammatory factors (interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Independent sample t test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The mRNA and protein expression levels of ALCAT1 of the fatty liver cell model group were both higher than that of negative control group (9.26±0.83 vs. 1.02±0.12, 0.35±0.02 vs. 0.17±0.01), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=9.82 and 6.83, both P<0.05). The results of electron microscopy indicated that the deposition of lipid droplets of the fatty liver cell model group and ALCAT1 interfering group were both higher than that of blank control group (17.67±3.52 and 7.67±0.33 vs. 4.33±0.33), the quantity of lipid droplets deposition of ALCAT1 interfering group was lower than that of fatty liver cell model group (7.67±0.33 vs. 17.67±3.52), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.76, 7.07 and 2.82, all P<0.05). The degree of mitochondria swelling of fatty liver cell model group was higher than that of blank control group and the degree of mitochondria swelling of ALCAT1 interfering group was lower than that of fatty liver cell model group. The results of Western blotting showed that the expression level of LC3-Ⅱof the fatty liver cell model group was higher than that of the blank control group (0.43±0.01 vs. 0.28±0.02), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=7.32, P<0.05). However there was no significant difference in the expression level of Beclin1 between fatty live cell model group and blank control group (0.93±0.05 vs. 0.98±0.05, P>0.05). The expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ and Beclin1 of the ALCAT1 interfering group were both higher than those of the fatty liver cell model group and blank control group (0.95±0.04 vs. 0.42±0.01 and 0.28±0.02, 2.07±0.06 vs. 0.93±0.05 and 0.98±0.05), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=13.30, 15.63, 14.05 and 13.02, all P<0.05). The expression levels of mTOR of the fatty liver cell model group and ALCAT1 interfering group were both lower than that of the blank control group (1.44±0.02 and 0.74±0.01 vs. 1.93±0.10), the expression level of mTOR of the ALCAT1 interfering group was lower than that of the fatty liver cell model group (0.74±0.01 vs. 1.44±0.02), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.83, 12.04 and 32.14, all P<0.05). The expression levels of phosphorylated AKT of the fatty liver cell model group and ALCAT1 interfering group were both lower than that of the blank control group (0.14±0.01 and 0.07±0.01 vs. 0.28±0.01), while the expression level of phosphorylated AKT of the ALCAT1 interfering group was lower than that of the fatty liver cell model group (0.07±0.01 vs. 0.14±0.01), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=8.59, 14.10 and 5.96, all P<0.05). The results of ELISA indicated that the expression levels of ROS, malondialdehyde, 4-HNE, IL-6 and TNF-α of the fatty liver cell model group and the ALCAT1 interfering group were all higher than those of the blank control group ((11.44±0.30) and (5.84±0.36) g/L vs. (1.72±0.38) g/L; (19.94±2.47) and (11.95±1.55) μmol/L vs. (1.47±0.18) μmol/L; (5.00±0.43) and (2.99±0.37) ng/L vs. (1.46±0.23) ng/L; (203.40±5.16) and (92.07±11.98) ng/L vs. (23.32±3.33) ng/L; (123.70±8.38) and (67.42±4.88) ng/L vs. (47.18±4.57) ng/L), and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=19.86, 7.86, 7.45, 6.74, 7.22, 3.49, 29.34, 5.53, 8.02 and 3.03, all P<0.05). While the expression levels of ROS, 4-HNE, IL-6 and TNF-α of the ALCAT1 interfering group were all lower than those of the fatty liver cell model group ((5.84±0.36) g/L vs. (11.44±0.30) g/L, (2.99±0.37) ng/L vs. (5.00±0.43) ng/L, (92.07±11.98) ng/L vs. (203.40±5.16) ng/L and (67.42±4.88) ng/L vs. (123.70±8.38) ng/L), and all the differences were statistically significant ( t=11.99, 3.51, 8.54 and 5.81, all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the expression of malondialdehyde between ALCAT1 interfering group and fatty liver cell model group ((11.95±1.55) μmol/L vs. (19.94±2.47) μmol/L, P>0.05). Conclusions:The expression of ALCAT1 is up-regulated in fatty liver cell model. Knockdown of ALCAT1 can inhibit the expression of mTOR pathway proteins, activate autophagy, alleviate hepatocyte steatosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the causes of abnormal decrease in maximum amplitude(MA)of thromboelastog-raphy(TEG)and its effect on prognosis by monitoring the changes of coagulation-related indexes in emergency trauma pa-tients.Methods A total of 319 cases of trauma patients admitted to our hospital from September 2020 to September 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and the coagulation-related indexes of 0 h and 24 h after admission were observed.According to the MA results,they were divided into normal MA group(>50 mm)and reduced MA group(≤50 mm)to compare the hemoglobin(Hb),platelets count(Plt),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),prothrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(Fib),thrombin time(TT),D-dimer(D-D),coagulation reaction time(R),clot formation kinetics(Angle),30 min clot dissolution rate(Ly30),MA,thrombine-antithrombin complex(TAT)and plasminase-α2 plasminase inhibitor complex(PIC).The correlation between MA and fibrinolysis indexes in 319 trauma patients was analyzed.According to whether tranexamic acid(TXA)was used,the reduced MA group was divided into a TXA group and a non-drug group.The differ-ences in the change of the above coagulation-related indexes,mortality rate and changes in blood product dosage were com-pared between the two groups.Results Compared with the normal MA group,Hb,Plt,Fib,diastolic blood pressure and GCS scores decreased,while heart rate,ISS score and mortality increased significantly in the reduced MA group(P<0.05).The R,PT and TT were prolonged significantly(P<0.05),and PIC and D-D increased significantly(P<0.05)in the re-duced MA group.Correlation analysis found that MA had no correlation with Ly30,TAT and APTT,but was correlated with Angle(r=0.803),Plt(r=0.544),Fib(r=0.581),PIC(r=-0.443)and D-D(r=-0.343).Compared with the non-drug group,the change of Angle,MA and FIB in the TXA group increased significantly(P<0.05),while the change of PIC de-creased(P<0.05).Cryoprecipitate and platelet transfusion in the TXA group reduced significantly(P<0.05),and red blood cell transfusion had a decreasing trend,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).The mortality rate in the TXA group was reduced significantly(P<0.05).Conclusion Hyperfibrinolysis may be an important factor in the abnormal decrease of MA in emergency trauma patients.Treatment with TXA can improve its effect on MA,and reduce the transfusion of blood products and the patient mortality.

Objective:To report a case of Kufor-Rakeb syndrome caused by novel ATP13A2 mutation, collect the cases related to ATP13A2 gene mutation published in recent years, summarize the clinical manifestations of the disease, and broaden the clinical diagnostic thinking. Methods:The clinical manifestations of a newly diagnosed patient with Kufor-Rakeb syndrome caused by ATP13A2 gene mutation admitted to Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University on November 26, 2021, were summarized. The related cases of ATP13A2 mutation published from January 2000 to December 2021 were searched through the PubMed and CNKI databases using the keywords "ATP13A2" and "Parkinson′s disease". The onset age, clinical symptoms, family history, genetic testing, and levodopa responsiveness results of the patients were collected. Results:The patient is a 52-year-old female with the main clinical symptoms of static tremor and bradykinesia. Physical examination showed a gear like increase in muscle tension in the right upper limb, involuntary shaking of the right hand and slow movement. She had good responsiveness to levodopa, and the magnetic resonance imaging and susceptibility weighted imaging of the head showed a lack of clear observation of bilateral black matter swallowtail sign. Whole exome sequencing showed that mutations c.3010A>G (p.S1004G) and c.1195+5G>A (splice) were found in the ATP13A2 gene, both of which were not reported. The c.3010A>G (p.S1004G) mutation originated from the mother, and the c.1195+5G>A (splice) mutation originated from the father. In the retrospective literature review, a total of 10 cases were collected, with onset ages ranging from 18 months to 24 years. Among them, 4/10 patients′ parents married close relatives, and the clinical manifestations were mainly motor symptoms of Parkinson′s disease. In addition, 5/10 patients had cognitive dysfunction, and 3/10 patients had mental symptoms. And demonstrations of most patients′ magnetic resonance imaging were normal in the early stage of the disease, and as the disease progressed, some patients′ imaging results showed specific changes, such as whole brain atrophy and changes in the corpus callosum. Meanwhile, 8/10 patients showed good responsiveness to levodopa. Conclusions:Kufor-Rakeb syndrome is a special type of adolescent levodopa responsive Parkinson′s disease caused by ATP13A2 mutation, which is an autosomal recessive disorder. In addition to motor symptoms such as static tremor and bradykinesia, its clinical manifestations may also be accompanied by non motor symptoms such as cognitive and psychiatric disorders. The disease responds well to treatment with levodopa.

Objective To observe the electromyography characteristics of children's handwriting with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and explore its electrophysiological mechanism,so as to provide an objective basis for developing non-pharmacological treatment for such children.Methods Between September 2021 and April 2022,29 ADHD children were recruited from an ordinary public primary school and the psychiatric clinic of a class-3 grade-A hospital in Beijing.Among them,25 were boys and 4 were girls,with an average age of 8.21±1.78 years.Meanwhile,23 male and 5 fe-male healthy counterparts were selected with the age gap no more than 6 months.The Delsys wireless surface EMG system was used to collect the electromyographic signals of the abductor pollicis breve,the first dorsal interosseous muscle,the flexor radial carpi motor and the extensor finger muscles dur-ing their writing tasks such as tracing trajectories,writing Arabic numerals 0-9,26 small and capital English letters,Chinese characters one to ten and"Yong".The percentage of the averaged electromyog-raphy(AEMG)of a muscle in the sum value of all measured muscles,and the coefficient of differ-ence were selected to evaluate the muscle contribution rate and the consistency of exertion,respective-ly.Moreover,the independent sample t-test was employed to compare the two different groups with the significance set at α=0.05.Results There was a significant difference in the muscle contribution of abductor pollicis breve and first dorsal interosseous muscles when writing Arabic numerals and that of abductor pollicis breve muscles when writing Chinese characters between ADHD children(27.29%,25.58%and 27.53%)and their healthy counterparts(42.87%,19.96%and 37.13%)(P<0.05).Most muscle differentiation coefficients of ADHD children were higher than 100%,with that of the domi-nant hand radial wrist flexor muscle reaching 270%in the trajectory tracing task.Conclusion Accord-ing to the characteristics of EMG signals,school-age ADHD children show an immature writing pat-tern,including poor stability of writing-related muscles,insufficient control of small finger muscle groups,poor control of hand coordination,and insufficient muscle inhibition of non-dominant hand.It is recommended to conduct the electromyoelectric assessment of handwriting movements in ADHD chil-dren,so as to carry out targeted intervention at an early stage.

A scientific and perfect quality evaluation system for Moutan Cortex Formula Granules was established,including content determination method,characteristic chromatogram method and mass spectrometry method. The content of paeoniflorin and paeonol in Moutan Cortex Formula Granules was determined by high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC),and the average content was 1. 72% and 1. 42%,respectively. The characteristic chromatogram was used to characterize Moutan Cortex Formula Granules,which contained 7 characteristic peaks,namely gallic acid,p-hydroxybenzoic acid,oxypaeoniflorin,paeoniflorin,tetragalloyl glucose,1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and paeonol. A total of 40 compounds in Moutan Cortex Formula Granules,including gallic acids,paeoniflorins,paeonols,flavonoids and benzoic acids,were identified by mass spectrometry. In this study,a variety of analytical methods were used to evaluate the quality system of Moutan Cortex Formula Granules,which could play a positive role in improving the level of quality evaluation and process quality control.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Quality Control

To explore the application of gene chip technology in the acupuncture research so as to provide evidences for the mechanism of acupuncture for regulating bodies. The literature on the application of gene chip technology in the acupuncture field from 2001 to 2016 was collected in PubMed, Springer, CNKI and WANFANG databases, which was analyzed and summarized. There were some achievements of the technology for acupuncture research, focusing on the five aspects, including the study of the relationship between meridian-point and viscera, the influencing factors of acupuncture effect, the effect and mechanism of acupuncture analgesia, the mechanism of acupuncture anti-aging, the effect and mechanism of acupuncture for diseases of each system. Gene chip technology plays an important role in researching acupuncture mechanism. It is an important technology for genomics study of acupuncture. However, there are also some disadvantages such as high cost, deficient data mining, non-uniform observation objects, deficient professionals, etc. All those need further resolution so as to promote the application of this technology in the acupuncture researching field.