Recent studies have found that endotoxin not only activates immune response,exacerbates liver injury,and induces liver failure, but also plays an important role in the development of hepatic encephalopathy,hepatorenal syndrome,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,and other fatal complications.The recent progress in research on the pathogenesis of intestinal endotoxemia (IETM)and its impact on the devel-opment and progression of liver failure is reviewed and summarized.It is suggested that seeking effective methods to prevent and control IETM holds promise as the key to treating severe liver disease and liver failure successfully.

Objective To investigate the related factors of speech intelligibility in the prelingually deafened children after cochlear implantation. Methods 47 prelingually deafened children who had received cochlear implantation and their families were investigated with questionnaires and analyzed with Fisher test. Results The age when cochlea implanted, the age when hearing aided, the time after the cochlear implantation and the time the cochlea opened were related with their speech intelligibility rating. Conclusion Suitable time for implantation, the hearing aid and making reasonable rehabilitation programme play a crucial role in the hearing rehabilitation of prelingually deafened children after cochlear implantation.

Accumulating evidence has shown that neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), as an assessment index for inflammatory response, is closely related to the prognosis of various malignant tumors. This article summarizes the research advances in the relationship of NLR with overall survival, disease-free survival, and pathological features of hepatocellular carcinoma and related mechanisms of action, and points out that NLR is a convenient, economic, and effective predictor for the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To explore risk factors of depression in patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Methods 142 patients diagnosed as PCOS and meeting criterions were collected from Aug.2013 to Nov.2016 in our hospital.Demographic data,menstrual status,signs,serum hormone levels,treatment were collected and recorded.The degree of depression was evaluated by Hamilton Depression scale (HAMD).They were divided into two groups:depression and non-depression group.Univariate x2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore risk factors for complicating depression in patients with PCOS.Results Depression occurred in 44 patients (30.98％),with 28 cases of mild depression,14 cases of moderate depression,and 2 cases of severe depression.Univariate x2 test revealed that BMI (x2=4.385,P=0.036),infertility (x2=8.367,P=0.004),LH/FSH (x2=4.592,P=0.032) and serum levels of FT (x2=5.777,P=0.016) were factors related to depression.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI＞25 kg/m2 (OR=12.874,95％ CI:1.675～75.824,P=0.013),infertility (OR=17.526,95％ CI:1.436～94.335,P=0.008),LH/FSH＞2 (OR=7.326,95％ CI:1.263～43.128,P=0.021) and abnormal FT (OR=9.724,95％ CI:3.625～56.524,P=0.016) were risk factors of depression.Conclusions Patients with PCOS have mild or moderate depressive tendencies.BMI＞25 kg/m2,infertility,LH/FSH＞2,abnormal FT were the risk factors of depression.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a reversible and complex clinical syndrome caused by various factors in patients with pre-existing chronic liver diseases, with the clinical features of acute liver function decompensation and high short-term mortality rate. ACLF has a complex pathogenesis, rapid progression, and a dangerous prognosis, and early and accurate prediction of prognosis is of vital importance. At present, there is still no ideal therapy for ACLF, and in recent years, integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy has achieved a certain effect in the treatment of this disease. This article reviews the advances in prognostic evaluation and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy for ACLF, in order to provide guidance to prognostic evaluation of ACLF and selection of the regimens of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy.

Objective To establish methods for the determination of doxorubicin and elacridar, and prepare PLGA nanoparticles for the co-delivery of doxorubicin and elacridar.Methods Ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used to establish the determination method of doxorubicin and elacridar, respectively;co-delivery nanoparticles system was prepared by nanoprecipitation method, and optimizing the prescription was by adjusting the dosage ratio of the two drugs to investigate the particle size,morphology, encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL) and in vitro release.Results The linearity of doxorubicin was better in the rang of 1 to 40 μg/ml, A=0.021C+0.002,r=0.999 5;the linearity of elacridar was better in the rang of 0.5 to 100 μg/ml,A=120 742.462 6C+1 974.570 4,r=1.000 0;the particle size was about 50 nm;transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that nanoparticles were round in shape and had a good dispersion;EE of doxorubicin and elacridar were 56.58%、51.66%,respectively, DL of doxorubicin and elacridar were 1.48%、1.85%,respectively,the molar ratio of two drugs was about 1∶1;the nanoparticles released slowly in vitro.Conclusion The established methods of doxorubicin and elacridar were convenient and efficient, accurate and repeatable.The Co-delivery nanoparticles system was well dispersionand smaller size, which could be used for further studies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical experiences and access the auditory performance and speech intelligibility of cochlear implantees with inner ear malformations. METHOD: A retrospective study was performed on the surgical characteristics and the mapping characteristics after implantation of patients who received mult-channel cochlear implantation from 2000 to 2007 in Xijing Hospital. Matched with normal implanted, rank -sum test was performed to compare scores of categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating(SIR). RESULT: After the regular rehabilitation, the long term follow-up of the auditory performance and speech intelligibility were very positive. There was no significant difference between normal group and malformations group. CONCLUSION The cochlear implantation can be performed safely in patients with malformed inner ear. The results suggest that cochlear implantation could also provide long-term benefits to those malformed inner ear cases.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cochlea ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Cochlear Implantation ; rehabilitation ; Cochlear Implants ; Deafness ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Ear, Inner ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Speech Perception ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis within 3 years. MethodsA total of 376 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who attended Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2014 to July 2017 were enrolled and followed up for 3 years, and according to the presence or absence of CKD, they were divided into CKD group with 23 patients and non-CKD group with 353 patients. Related general information and laboratory markers were collected. The t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups; a stepwise forward Cox regression analysis was used to screen out the independent influencing factors for CKD within 3 years in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to investigate the value of the influencing factors in predicting CKD in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis; the Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis, and the log-rank test was used for comparison of the cumulative incidence rate of CKD between the patients with different risks. ResultsThe multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age (hazard ratio ［HR］=1.078, 95% confidence interval ［CI］: 1.007-1.114, P=0.026), albumin (Alb) (HR=0.923, 95% CI: 0.860-0.989, P=0.024), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR=0.977, 95% CI: 0.955-0.999, P=0.037) were independent influencing factors for CKD within 3 years in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis. Age, Alb, and eGFR had a relatively good value in predicting CKD, with AUCs of 0.701, 0.710, and 0.706, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the patients with baseline age ≥55 years, Alb ＜32 g/L, and eGFR ≥60 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2 and ＜76 ml·min-1·1.73 m-2 had a higher risk of CKD (χ2=9647, 13621, and 30.940, all P＜0.05). ConclusionRenal function should be closely monitored for patients with old age and low Alb and eGFR levels.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary blinding fundus diseases caused by abnormalities in photoreceptors of the retina.RP is highly heterogeneous in hereditary and cdinical phenotypes.It can be divided into simple type RP and syndrome type RP.The main inheritance patterns are autosomal dominant,autosomal recessive inheritance and X-linked inheritance.With the popularization and clinical application of gene sequencing technology,more and more disease-causing genes have been discovered,and these genes are mainly expressed in photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelial cell.ln-depth understanding of RP pathogenic genes not only provides a theoretical basis for RP diagnosis and genetic counseling,but also provides guidance for RP gene therapy.

Objective:To observe any effect of fast walking on walking speed, 6-minute walking test (6MWT) time, and on serum levels of growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with sarcopenia.Methods:A total of 61 sarcopenia patients were randomly divided into an observation group ( n=31) and a control group ( n=30). Both groups were given conventional drug therapy. In addition, the observation group underwent 30-minutes of walking at 100-120 steps/min (about 60% of maximum heart rate) three times a week for 12 weeks. The control group also walked, but at 70-90 steps/min (less than 50% of maximum heart rate). Grip strength, walking speed, 6MWT time, skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and serum GDF-8 and IGF-1 were compared before and after the intervention. Results:There were no significant differences in grip strength or ASMI between observation group and control group (comparing males with males and females with females) before the experiment. Afterward, grip strength and ASMI in the observation group had increased significantly on average. Both were then significantly higher than the control groups′ averages, which had not changed significantly. Average walking speed, 6MWT time and serum IGF-1 levels had improved significantly in both groups, but the observation group′s average improvement was significantly greater. A significant decrease the average serum GDF-8 level was observed in the observation group, but not in the control group.Conclusion:Fast walking can improve the walking of persons with sarcopenia, raise serum IGF-1 levels, and significantly reduce serum GDF-8.