Objective To compare the difference of the spinal cord injury rehabilitation physician training systems between Harvard Uni-versity and Capital Medical University. Methods The spinal cord injury rehabilitation physician training systems of Capital Medical Univer-sity and Harvard University were investigated, including the degree training time, residence training time, training fee and institution. Re-sults Degree education time was more in the basic science in Harvard University than in Capital Medical University. The residence training time was 7 years and 5 years for Harvard University and Capital Medical University, respectively, and the ratio of specialties and sub-spe-cialties was not significantly different. There was a total of 26 spinal cord injury community rehabilitation clinics in Harvard University sys-tem, and none in Capital Medical University. Conclusion Some light can be drawn from the spinal cord injury rehabilitation physician train-ing system of Harvard University, to improve the scholastic building of Capital Medical University.

Objective To discuss the modification of the ASIA scale (version 2011) and the significance for clinical practice. Methods Through comparing the newest English version of ASIA scale to the previous version, we tried to find the difference between them and interpret the possible influence on clinical practice. Results The study found that there were 15 modifications found after comparing the two versions of scales. Some modifications were just descriptive, some were for emphasis, and the others were fundamental modification. Conclusion The ASIA Committee makes prudent modification according to the advice of the doctors worldwide in the past ten years to make scale more applicable for clinical practice. The modification will influence the neurological examination of spinal cord injuries in clinical practice and relative research

Objective To apply the three dimensional reconstruction thoracolumbar pedicle anatomical parameters in spine surgery pedicle screw implantation. Methods 6 healthy specimen spines were chosen and three dimensional spine reconstruction was based on 2 mm CT scan of the spines. The anatomical parameters including length and angle parameters were calculated based on the three dimensional reconstruction images. Results The pedicle width of T9～L4 was 4.68～8.70 mm, and increased gradually from T9 to L4. But the pedicles width of T12, L1 and L2 were smaller than the others. The pedicle height of T9～L4 was 8.19～12.76 mm. There was no significant difference from T9 to L4. The pedicle height of T12 was the biggest among them. The pedicle transverse angle was from 6.26 º to 13.06 º and increased gradually from T9 to L4. But for the pedicle sagittal angle, the difference is not obvious and most of them are in the range of ±5 º. Conclusion Three dimensional reconstruction and calculation of thoracolumbar pedicle can show the anatomical characteristics of the spine and provide evidence for individual pedicle screw implantation.

Objective To investigate the effects of short-segment pedicle screws system on type A thoracic and lumbar spine fracture with or without pedicle screws on the fractured level. Methods 23 patients with type A thoracic and lumbar spine fracture were included, in which 11 cases received traditional short-segment pedicle screws system without pedicle screws on the fractured level (group A), and other 12 cases with pedicle screws on the fractured level (group B). The anterior vertebral height, posterior vertebral height and local kyphosis an-gle were measured before and after operation. Results All pedicle screws were successfully implanted with good location and stability. The vertebral height and kyphosis angle significantly improved after operation in both groups (P<0.05), and the improvement of kyphosis angle was more in group B than in group A (P<0.05). Conclusion Short-segment pedicle screws system with pedicle screws on the fractured level may fine correct the kyphosis angle in short term.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the early rehabilitation outcome of the spinal cord stab injury (SCSI).MethodsThe materials of 40 SCSI patients and 50 contusion spinal cord injury (CSCI) patients from 1992 to 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. The curative effects were evaluated with ASIA scale (modified in 2000) and FIM scale.ResultsAfter comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, scores of ASIA and FIM scales of SCSI patients increased and significantly higher than that of CSCI patients (P<0.05～0.01).ConclusionThe SCSI patients shall be treated with comprehensive rehabilitation in early stage and their prognosis will be better than CSCI.

ObjectiveTo investigate the concurrent and predictive validity of ASIA2000 motor scale.MethodsConsecutive observation was done to the 42 patients who were admitted in CRRC from September 2003 to September 2004.ASIA motor score and conventional motor score were recorded respectively 1 month and 3 months after injury.ResultsPearson correlation coefficient between the MDP of the two systems was 0.945,while that of the MRP was 0.897.ConclusionThe ASIA2000 motor score has good validity.

Objective To detect the gastric motility in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to explore the relationship between disorder of gastric motility in diabetes and the influential factors. Methods Sixty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 health control subjects were collected. The gastric motility was tested with the signal processing device designed by Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. The impedance and electrical signals were collected at the same time. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was detected by oxidation enzyme method, while microcolumn method was adopted to test HbA1c. Results In the 65 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,the occurrence of abnormal gastric motility was 53.85% , they had several symptoms, such as abdominal distension, early satiety, and belching. The percentage of dominant frequency of impedance gastrogram in diabetes group was lower than that in the normal controls (P<0. 05 ). The percentage of dominant frequency of EGG in the abnormal HbA1c group( ≥6. 5% ) was significantly lower than that in the normal HbA1c group ( P<0. 01). The percentage of bradygastria in the elderly was higher than that in young and middle-aged subjects (P<0. 05), respectively. Disorder of gastric motility was not correlated with FBG and course of disease. Conclusions The incidence of disordered gastric motility is very high in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elderly patients and those with higher HbA1c are prone to suffer from disordered gastric motility. However, disorder in gastric motility is not correlated with FBG and duration of the illness.

Objective To detect the effects of Yunnan Baiyao on receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL)/osteoprotegerin(OPG) system by means of animal model that use Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) induce cal-varial to induce bone destroy .Methods Seventy-two male Kunming mouses were selected and randomly divided into model group , Yunnan Baiyao treatment group and control group .The animals of model group and Yunnan Baiyao treatment group were inoculated Pg at the midline of the scalp between the ears and the animals of the Yunnan Baiyao treatment group gastric perfusion Yunnan Baiyao after them inoculated Pg .Mouses were killed at 5 ,8 and 14 days after inoculation .For each data point ,killed eight mice(n=8) ,then detected the number of osteoclast of the calvaria and the change of RANKL mRNA ,OPGm RNA express .Results On the 5th ,8th and 14th day the number of osteoclast and the content of RANKL mRNA expression in the model group apparently higher than in the Yunnan Baiyao treatment group(P<0 .05) ,two groups also apparently higher than in the control group(P<0 .05) .A-bout OPG mRNA expression on the 5th ,8th and 14th day in the Yunnan Baiyao treatment group apparently higher than in the con-trol group and model group(P<0 .05) ,but on the 5th day the model group lower than the control group(P<0 .05) and on the 8th , 14 day the model group higher than the control group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Yunnan Baiyao can cut regulation RANKL mRNA expression and raise regulation OPG mRNA expression to inhibit bone destruction and improve bone repair and inhibiting osteoclast product so as to inhibit bone destroy and improve bone repair .

Objective To investigate whether the abnormal stress could cause the ultrastructural change of the rats′condylar cartilage in vivo .Methods Fifty‐four SD male rats were randomly divided into condylar neck osteotomy operation(OO)group ,con‐dylar neck fracture operation(FO) group ,and control group ,with 12 rats in each group .Then the OO group rats ,FO group rats and control group rats were executed and sampled at 1st week ,3rd week and 5th week separately to observe the structure of condyle with light microscope(LM ) ,scanning electron microscope (SEM ) and transmission electron microscope (TEM ) .Results LM showed that the general condylar thickness of OO group and FO group were thinner than that of control group at 3rd and 5th week . SEM showed that the collagen and fibre were exposed in the OO group and FO group at 3rd week and 5th week ,the fibre was bro‐ken in the OO group at 5th week .TEM showed that the hypertrophic cell in OO group was more mature than those of FO group and control group at 3rd week .The arrange of fibre was disorder in OO group at 1st week ,the fibre was more disorder and there was even leak in OO group at 5th week .Conclusion The abnormal stress in vivo could result in the ultrastructural change of the rats′condyle ,and this change relates with the stess change degree and affects the growth and development of condyle .

Monitoring the depth of anesthesia (DOA) is essential for improving the quality of anesthesia and ensuring the patient's safety and rehabilitation. Monitoring DOA can increase the quality of anesthesia and the safety of operation, thus decreasing the complications caused by anesthesia. With the development of electronic and information technology, the researches for detecting DOA have made great progress. In this paper, the techniques for monitoring DOA are reviewed.
Anesthesia, General ; standards ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Monitoring, Intraoperative ; methods ; trends ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; trends ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted