Objective To investigate the effects of CSK-conjugated PLGA nanoparticles on oral delivery of insulin in vitro and in vivo.Method CSK-INS-NPs were prepared by double-emulsion. Nanoparticle size、zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were measured. The efficiency of cellular uptake on Caco-2 cells in vitro was evaluated. The hypoglycemic effects were evaluated by monitoring the glucose levels in diabetic rats. Results The average sizes was(134. 4 ± 15)nm and their PDI values were less than 0.3.The insulin entrapment efifciency was around 71%. The cellular uptake of CSK-INS-NPs by Caco-2 cells was 2.8 times higher than INS-NPs. The CSK-INS-NPs transferred more insulin across the Caco-2 cell monolayer than INS-NPs and insulin solution did. In vivo experiments,the CSK-INS-NPs could reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic rats after oral administration in 10 h.Conclusion Compared with insulin solution,CSK-INS-NPs enhanced the insulin through Caco-2 cell monolayer by transcellular pathway and may be a potential delivery system for Oral Delivery of Insulin.

Objective:To analyze the nosazontology of pharyngeal paraesthesia and investigate the treatment. Method: Two hundred and twelve misdiagnosed pharyngeal paraesthesia patients were investigated by history inquiry,routine examination, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, barium X-ray of the oesophagus, anxietas-athy-mia private measuring scale, coefficient of variation of the R-R(CVR-R), bioavailable testosterone detection(Bio-T), erection experiment and questionnaire about man climacteric syndrome. The concomitant symptoms and positions of pharyngeal paresthesia were also studied. We adopted individuallied sequential multi-therapy for every patient according to the cause of disease. Result:The cause of disease within 212 cases of pharyngeal paraesthesia included 62 psychictrauma,32 endocrine system disease,106 upper gastrointestinol disease, circulatory disease,9 circulatory disease,3 idiopathic. With individualized treatment, 110 cases had fully recovered, 63 cases excellence and 31 cases utility,and the efficiency rate was 96.23%. Conclusion:Pharyngeal paraesthesia can be caused by several factors. Thorough examination and comprehensive analysis should be applied to those incurable patient who has been treated for a long time. Short course of treatment and irrational drug use are the main causes of short term recurrence and unsatisfactory curative effect.

Objective:To study the effects of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis on proliferation of DC -CIK cells and the activity of killing HepG-2 cells by DC-CIK cells.Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were routinely isolated and induced into DC and CIK.DC and CIK co-cultured by 1∶5 for 7 days,then Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis were added into medicine group ,observed the mor-phology of the cells on the tenth day and counted the DC-CIK number of each group.DC-CIK cells acted as effector cells and the HepG-2 cells as target cells , cck-8 method for the detection of DC-CIK in the killing rate of HepG-2.Results: The Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis was able to proliferate the DC-CIK dramatically ,the optimal concentration was 0.1 mg/ml.Cultivation of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis induced DC-CIK cells on HepG-2 cells killing effect was better than that of the routine method of DC-CIK cells; the effection of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis killing HepG-2 cells was not obviously.Conclusion: Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis can enhance the anti-tumor activity of DC-CIK mainly by promoting the proliferation of it.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the nosazontology of pharyngeal paraesthesia and investigate the treatment. METHOD: Two hundred and twelve misdiagnosed pharyngeal paraesthesia patients were investigated by history inquiry, routine examination, 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, barium X-ray of the oesophagus, anxieties-athymic private measuring scale, coefficient of variation of the R-R (CVR-R), bioavailable testosterone detection (Bio-T), erection experiment and questionnaire about man climacteric syndrome. The concomitant symptoms and positions of pharyngeal paresthesia were also studied. We adopted individuallized sequential multi-therapy for every patient according to the cause of disease. RESULT: The cause of disease within 212 cases of pharyngeal paraesthesia included 62 psychic trauma, 32 endocrine system disease, 106 upper gastrointestinal disease, circulatory disease, 9 circulatory disease, 3 idiopathic. With individualized treatment, 110 cases had fully recovered, 63 cases excellence and 31 cases utility, and the efficiency rate was 96.23%. CONCLUSION Pharyngeal paraesthesia can be caused by several factors. Thorough examination and comprehensive analysis should be applied to those incurable patient who has been treated for a long time. Short course of treatment and irrational drug use are the main causes of short-term recurrence and unsatisfactory curative effect.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paresthesia ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Pharynx ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the possible role of thrombospondin-1(THBS1)in the excessive fibrosis of vaginal wall induced by estrogen deficiency in rats,the morphological structure of collagen fibers and the expression of THBS1 in the vaginal wall were detected in the estrogen deficiency model of rats.Methods Twenty-four SD rats aged 3 months without delivery were randomly divided into sham operation group and experimental group,with 12 rats in each group.After 12 weeks of modeling,the rats were killed and the vaginal walls were taken for analysis.Masson staining was used to observe the morphological and structural changes of collagen fibers in vaginal wall of rats.Immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting were used to detect the expression level of THBS1 protein.Results After 12 weeks of modeling,the uterine atrophy of experimental group was obvious,the increase of body mass was significantly higher than that of sham operation group,and the level of estradiol was significantly lower than that of sham operation group(P<0.01).Compared with the sham operation group,the upper cortex of vaginal wall of experimental group was significantly atrophy,the smooth muscle bundles were thinner,the muscle gap was wider,the collagen fiber deposition in lamina propria and muscle layer was increased,and the arrangement and distribution were disordered and fragmented.THBS1 expression in vaginal wall of experimental group was significantly higher than that of sham operation group(P<0.05).Conclusion Estrogen deficiency may mediate excessive fibrosis of vaginal wall by upregulating THBS1 expression,thereby damaging the biomechanical properties of vaginal wall and leading to an increased susceptibility to pelvic organ prolapse development.

Diabetic gastroparesis （DGP） is a common diabetic neuropathy that affects the normal function of gastric motility and emptying. Clinically， it often manifests as abdominal distension， nausea and vomiting， early satiety， dyspepsia， etc. The pathogenesis of DGP is multifactorial， closely related to many factors， such as chronic hyperglycemia， neuropathy， autonomic nervous system disorders， inflammation， and oxidative stress. These factors can interact with each other， leading to delayed gastric emptying and the occurrence of related symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has significant advantages in the prevention and treatment of DGP， including a long history， remarkable efficacy， individualized treatment， diverse therapeutic formulations， and improvement in the quality of life. Additionally， TCM is known for its low adverse reactions， good tolerance， and multi-targeted effects， making it an important approach in the management of DGP. Previous research has found that the main mechanisms of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of DGP include the regulation of gastrointestinal hormones， inhibition of inflammatory responses， reduction of oxidative stress， enhancement of interstitial cells of Cajal activity， inhibition of pyroptosis， and modulation of related signaling pathways such as stem cell factor （SCF）/cellular growth factor receptor （c-Kit）， adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase （AMPK）， Ras homologous genome member A （RhoA）/Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase （ROCK）. This article primarily summarized the research progress on Chinese medicine in preventing and treating DGP through the inhibition of inflammatory responses， reduction of oxidative stress， enhancement of interstitial cells of Cajal activity， inhibition of pyroptosis， and regulation of related signaling pathways， aiming to provide a reference and basis for further research on the application value of Chinese medicine in the prevention and treatment of DGP.