Objective To compare the differences in the efficacy of Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets.Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules and live Bacillus licheniformis capsule in the treatment of persistent and chronic diarrhea.Methods From September 2015 to June 2016,a total of 484 outpatients with persistent and chronic diarrhea were enrolled and divided into observation group (treated with Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets) and control group (treated with the combination of Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules and live Bacillus licheniformis capsule).Before and after treatment,the frequency of defecation and the characters of stool were observed and the differences in the treatment efficacy in persistent and chronic diarrhea between two groups were compared.Paired t test and Chi square test were used to compare the difference before and after treatment in each group,and independent sample t test was used for comparison between groups.Results There were a total of 256 patients in the observation group (four cases lost and 256 cases were completed).Meanwhile there were 228 patients in the control group (30 cases lost and 228 cases completed).In the observation group,after treatment the frequency of defecation was (2.13±1.06) times,which was less than that before treatment ((3.83±0.95) times),and the difference was statistically significant (t=29.149,P＜0.01).In the control group,after treatment the frequency of defecation was (2.19 ± 1.06) times,which was less than that before treatment ((3.87 ±0.98) times),and the difference was statistically significant(t =27.800,P＜0.01).There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of defecation before and after treatment between two groups (t=-0.460 and-0.662,both P＞0.05).Furthermore there was also no statistically significant difference in the rate of normal bowel movements between observation group and treatment group after treatment (50.8％(130/256) vs 57.9％(132/228;x2=2.458,P=0.117).There was no significant difference in effective rate (64.8％(166/256) vs 69.7％ (159/228) and excellence rate (47.7％ (122/256) vs 51.3％ (117/228)) between two groups (P=0.253 and 0.422);besides,no severe adverse events were reported.Conclusion In the aspect of improving of times of defecation and characters of stool in patients with persistent and chronic diarrhea,single medication of multi bacteria strains Bifidobacterium tetravaccine tablets has the same satisfied efficacy and good safety as the combination of Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules and live Bacillus licheniformis capsule.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of lactulose oral solution combined with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution only in colonoscopy preparation.Methods A total of 121 patients preparing for colonoscopy were randomly divided into two groups:61 patients in lactulose oral solution combined with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution group (the experimental group =group A),and 60 patients in PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution group(the control group =group B).During the colonoscopy,the endoscopist blindly scored the cleanness of the bowel,and recorded any adverse event to assess the safety.Results According to the Boston bowel preparation scale,the experimental group scored 7.07 ±0.79,and the control group scored 6.18 ± 1.03,which showed significant significance(P =0.000).There was no significant difference in the time of accessing rectum between the two groups[(8.80 ± 1.74) min VS(9.22 ± 1.94) min,P =0.220].Polyp detection rate in group A was higher than that in group B,with no significant difference (22.95％ VS 15.00％,P ＞ 0.05).The small polyp (≤0.5 cm)detection rate in group A was higher than that in group B with significant significance(P =0.038).No adverse event was recorded in either group.Conclusion The bowel preparation with lactulose oral solution combined with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution is more effective than that with PEG-4000 electrolyte lavage solution alone.It will enhance the detection rate of small polyps with no evident adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate the effect of indoor coal PM2.5 on the airway inflammation and the pathological morphology alterations of lung tissue in asthmatic rats induced by ovalbumin(OVA). Methods Forty six?week?old male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups(Control,OVA,PM2.5,PM2.5+OVA). Normal saline,OVA(15μg/mL)and(or)PM2.5(2.5 mg/mL)were given to rats in the four groups through intratracheal instillation for four times (two weeks one time),respectively. Twenty?four hours after the last intratracheal instillation ,bronchoalveolar irrigation lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determinations of serum interleukin 4(IL?4),interferon gamma (IFN?γ). The lung tissue was collected for HE staining and electron microscopy detection. Results HE staining showed less inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the control group;In PM2.5 group and OVA group,there was medium quantity of inflammatory cell infiltration,In PM2.5+OVA group, severe inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Electron microscopy showed no abnormal lung tissue in the control group,but organelles were gradually destroyed,endothelial cell edama,alveolar interval with a large number of fibersin were observed in PM2.5 group. The exfoliated cells,local typeⅡ cells with visible damage were found in OVA group. A large number of fibers were existed among the lung tissues and organelles were destroyed,thickness of basement membrane was non?uniform,and blood air barrier structure was not clear in PM2.5 + OVA group. Compared with PM2.5+OVA group,concentration of IL?4 in PM2.5,OVA and the control group was siganificantly different(P < 0.05). A negative correlation between IL?4 and IFN?γ was observed (r =-0.358,P < 0.05). Conclusion Indoor coal PM2.5 exacerbates the airway inflammatory cell infiltration and airway remodeling in OVA?induced asthmatic rats.

Objective To develop a method for the determination of five furostanol saponins(timosaponin N,timosaponin L, timosaponin BⅡ,25R-timosaponin BⅡ,and 25S-officinalisnin-Ⅰ)in rhizome and fibrous root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. by HPLC with the charged aerosol detector(CAD). Methods The analysis was performed on TechMate C18-ST-II(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)with acetonitrile:water(22:78,V/V),the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and column temperature at 30℃. The Corona parameters were as follows:sampling rate 10 Hz,filter 5 s,and the nebulizer temperature 55℃. Results The approach showed good linearity for five saponins. The correlation coefficients(r2)for calibration curves varied from 0.9992 to 0.9998. The limits of detection(LOD)were 0.28,0.92,0.92,0.92 and 0.92 ng for five steroidal saponins,respectively. The limits of quantitation(LOQ)were found to be 0.92, 2.77,2.77,2.77 and 2.76 ng,respectively. RSD calculated from peak area of precision,repeatability and stability in 48 h were all less than 3.0%. The average recoveries of timosaponin N,timosaponin L,timosaponin BⅡ,25R-timosaponinBⅡ,and 25S-officinalis-nin-Ⅰwere 98.17%,101.37%,98.53%,97.63%,and 98.17%,respectively. Conclusion The developed method is accurate,reli-able,which could be applied to the quality control of multiple components in A. asphodeloides Bge.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of brain structure in patients with long-term withdrawal of methamphetamine-dependence.Methods:A total of 44 patients with withdrawal of methamphetamine-dependent for more than 14 months were recruited,who met the diagnostic criteria for substance dependence in the fifth edition of the American Mental Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-Ⅴ),and 40 healthy subjects were used as the control.In addition to the general scale of drug-relevant survey,the subjects received the 3.0T magnetic resonance high-resolution scan.The voxel-based morphometric measurements for the subject's brain gray volume were conducted.Results:There was no significant difference in age,education,smoking and alcohol consumption between the methamphetamine-dependent withdrawal group and the control group (P＞0.05).The volumes for the bilateral cerebellum,the left side of temporal gyrus and the right side of the lingual gyrus in the methamphetamine-dependent withdrawal group were increased than those in the control group.The volumes for the bilateral lingual gyrus and bilateral cuneus in the methamphetamine-dependent withdrawal group were decreased than those in the control group.The volumes of left of cuneus and cerebellum were positively correlated with the duration of abstinence.Conclusion:After long-term abstinence,although the patients still show abnormal brain structure,their behavior and cognitive function is improved.The cerebral nerve structural is recovered from long-term abstinence.