Objective To investigate the effect of ?-blockers on spatial dispersion of ventricular repolarization following acute myocardial ischemia.Methods Twenty sheep were randomized into control(normal saline i.v.)and atenolol group.Acute myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of the obtuse marginal coronary artery.Unipolar ECG was simultaneously acquired from 64 epicardial sites in both ischemic and non-ischemic regions.Activation-recovery intervals(ARI)were determined from the epicardial ECGs.The difference between the longest and shortest ARI was defined as ARI dispersion.Results Ischemic zone in the atenolol group was less than that of the control group[(13?2)% vs (19?3)%,P

BACKGROUND:The nervous reconstruction and repair after spinal cord injury have become a research hotspot.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the change rule of neurogliocyte reactive hyperplasia after spinal cord injury.
METHODS:Forty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and equivalently randomized into seven groups:normal control group (no intervention), sham operation group (lamina decompression) and operation groups (postoperative 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days). After the establishment of spinal cord injury models, the rats were sacrificed at each corresponding time point. The functional recovery of the rat hind limbs was evaluated by Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores, and complete spinal cord tissue was removed to undergo hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry staining and immunofluorescence staining.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan scores showed that rats in the normal control and sham operation groups had normal neurologic function. Rats at 1 day after spinal cord injury paralyzed completely, the neurologic function of hind limbs began to recover gradual y at the 7th day, and the recovery became most obvious at the 14th day, which had no significant differences compared with the 21st and 28th days. (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining found that the diffuse hemorrhage and neuronal necrosis were observed in the injured area at 1 day after operation;inflammatory cel infiltration and some vacuoles appeared at the 7th day, and the hemorrhage was absorbed gradual y;the hemorrhage disappeared completely and capsule cavity formed at the 14th day;up to the 28th day, spinal cord structure was completely destroyed and that was replaced by cicatricial tissue accompanying with a large cavity. (3) Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the astrocyte in damaged area proliferated with the cel synapse increasing, which was most overt at the14th day;the axon clearance widened and the structure was in disorder at the 7th day, and the myelin sheath in the damaged area was destroyed at the 21st day. (4) Immunofluorescence staining showed that there were numerous visible glial fibril ary acidic protein+/nestin+cel s in the injured area at 14 days after operation. (5) These results suggest that glial cel hyperplasia and hypertrophy, the up-regulated expressions of glial fibril ary acidic protein and nest protein are advantageous to the early repair of spinal cord injury.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of plasma cystatin C (CysC) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) after pereutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods A total of 660 patients with ACS admitted to cardiovascular department were enrolled in this study from January 2009 to June 2010.The enrollment criteria were:(1) the stenosis degree was above 75％ in at least one coronary artery checked by coronary angiography and successful PCI; (2) normal renal function or mild dysfunction with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ＞ 60 ml/ ( min · 1.73 m2 ).Exclusion criteria were severe liver and renal insufficiency,malignancies and valvular heart diseases.The plasma CysC levels were examined by the latex enhanced immune turbidity method within 24 hours after admission.The relevant clinical data were recorded.The patients were followed up by out-patient interview or telephone from March to June 2011 and adverse cardiovascular events were recorded.The patients were divided into four groups according to CysC level:Q1 (CysC＜1.02 mg/L),Q2 (1.02 mg/L≤＜CysC ＜1.17 mg/ L),Q3 (1.17 mg/L ≤ CysC ＜1.35 mg/L) and Q4 (CysC ≥ 1.35 mg/L).Univariate and multivariate Cox hazards regressions were established to analyze the factors related to prognosis.The proportion differences between four groups were tested by x2.The survival ratio was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.Statistical significance was established at a P value of less than 0.05.Results ① A total of 606 ( 91.7％ ) patients successfully accepted follow-up.Mean follow-up time was ( 14.3 + 1.7 ) months.Of them,95 patients were subjected to adverse cardiovascular events ( 15.7％ ).②The incidences of adverse cardiovascular events in Q2,Q3,Q4 were significantly higher than those in Q1 ( P ＜ 0.001 ).The rates of mortality,nonfatal myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization in Q4 were higher than those in Q1 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The incidences of heart failure in Q3 and Q4 were higher than that in Q1 ( P ＜ 0.05 ).③Univariate analysis demonstrated that CysC,creatinine,LVEF,age,history of PCI and NYHA grade ≥3 were the risk factors of poor prognosis (P ＜ 0.05 ).④ Multivarite cox hazards regression revealed that the elevation of CysC level remained an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events.The relative risk of Q3 and Q4 were 3.930 (95％ CI 1.306-11.829,P =0.015 ) and 6.380 (95％ CI 2.171-18.751,P =0.001 ) compared with Q1.⑤　The cumulative rates of survival without adverse cardiovascular events in Q2,Q3 and Q4 decreased compared with Q1 (P ＜ 0.001 ).Conclusions High plasma CysC concentration is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ACS after PCI.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of dexamethason e by local treatment on cerebral edema and brain damage after brain injury. METHODS: Twenty-two rabbits were classified into 2 groups, Gro up A (the control group, n=11) and Group B (the treated gr oup, n=11). An rabbit brain contusion model was made by bo ne windowplasty by extradural hitting. Group B was treated by local infiltrating and spraying of dexamethasone at equidistance to lesions. Group A was given nor mal saline in the same way as Group B. The changes of moisture in brain tissues and serum myelin basic protein (MBP) were observed. RESULTS: The percentage of water content in damaged hemisphere in Group A and Group B was 81.75%plus minus0.56% and 79.45%plus minus0.52% respe ctively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P<0.05). The normal level of MBP was 1.66 mug/Lplus minus0.71 mug/L, while the value of MBP in Group A and Group B were 5.98 mug/Lplus minus2.08 mug /L and 3.15 mug/Lplus minus1.09 mug/L separately. The level of MBP in Group A an d Group B were higher than normal level and there was also a significant differe nce between Group A and Group B (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed that the brain moi sture and MBP in serum were increased after brain injury while reduced after tre atment with dexamethasone. It is demonstrated that local treatment of brain inju ry with dexamethasone has an obvious therapeutic effect on cerebral edema and se rum MBP.

BACKGROUND:Human mesenchymal stem cells derived from Wharton's jelly(WJCs)display the characteristics of MSCs as defined by the International Society for Cellular Therapy.They can be differentiated into bone,cartilage,adipose,muscle,and neural cells.They can also support the expansion of other stem cells,be weli-tolerated by the immune system,and have the ability to home to tumors.OBJECTIVE:To investigate biological changes of WJCs and brain tumor stem cells(BTSCs)co-cultured in vitro.METHODS:WJCs cultured by situ cultivation and BTSCs used enzyme digestion way respectively,and gathering the 3rd passage of WJCs though subculturing as well as BTSCs.Two kinds of cells co-cultured in 24-well plates in serum-free medium (SFM)without any growth factor.3 and 7 days after co-cultured respectively,CD133 expression of suspension cells in the 24-well plates were identified by flow cytometry,and immunofluorescence was performed for Nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)expression of adherent cells.Co-culture supernatant(CCS)re-suspended 3~(rd) passage of BTSCs and cultured into 96-well plates at day 3,which were used to determine the difference in cell growth curve in both groups using a microplate reader.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the cocultivation days increasing,the phenomenon that tumor sphere cells began to be decomposed,adherent and differentiated observed by an inverted microscope.BTSCs in the co-cultured group expressed GFAP and Nestin when adherent and differentiated.The higher degree of malignant brain tumor tissue used in culturing BTSCs was,the higher expression of CD133 in BTSCs was.CD 133~+ in BTSCs declined when co-cultured with WJCs.Growth curve of brain tumor stem cells cultured in CCS compared with in SFM at day 3,which indicates that the proliferation of BTSCs inhibited obviously.Results indicated that CD 133~+ expression and proliferative capacity of BTSCs went down and BTSCs underwent differentiation during the co-culture in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have low immunogenicity and immunomodulatory effect,but there are seldom reports concerning the immunomodulatory effect of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord and its mechanims.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells of human umbilical cord on varient peripheral blood T lymphocytes.METHODS:Mesenchymal stem cells were isolateded from Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cord by tissue culture.T lymphocytes from human peripheral blood were stimulated by phytohemagglutinin and co-cultured with umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supernatant respectively to measure A value following 72 hours of coculture using multifunctional microplate reader.Expression of cytokines including transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1)and interferon-y(IFN-γ)was evaluated by enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells could inhibite the proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin.The proliferation inhibition rate was 56%(P＜0.01).Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supernatant also had inhibitory effects on proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin,in a dose-dependent fashion.The proliferation inhibition rates were 8.3% and 27% respectively in the 50% Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supernatant and 100% Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supematant groups(P＜0.05).Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells significantly decreased γ-interferon secrted from T-lymphocytes(P＜0.05).The secretion of TGF-β1 was lower in the coculture of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells and T lymphocytes group than Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells alone group(P＜0.05).These indicated that Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells and Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells supernatant have inhibitory effects on proliferation of T lymphocytes induced by phytohemagglutinin.The mechanims may be associated with cell contant and inhibition of v-interferon secrted from T-lymphocytes.

Objective To investigate the influence of Wharton's jelly (W J) transplant on brain inflammation and mood status in traumatic brain injury (TBI) mouse model.Methods The WJ was isolated from human umbilical cord and cultured,and the cell phenotype of P3 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was identified by flow cytometry.The animal model was established by modified weight drop method.Experimental mice were randomly(random number) divided into Veh(normal saline)and WJ transplantation groups.After 3 days,water content of damaged brain was detected.Elisa kit was used to detect the expression of IL-1β and TNF-αt.The expression of GFAP,Ibal and CD68 were detected by immunofluorescence.Het(hydroethidine) staining was used to detect reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.Neurologic deficit score was used to evaluate the motor function,sucrose preference test,tail suspension test and forced swim test were used to detect the depression of mice.The data were expressed in ((-x)±s) and analysed by SPSS 21.0 software.Two-way ANOVA with repeated measures design was used to compare difference bewteen two groups at multiple interval.Results Compared with Veh group,the mice in the WJ group had a better performance in NDS scored test(d 1:14.8± 1.169 vs.15.2+ 1.472);3d:(11.0±1.414 vs.13.5+1.225);7d:(9.5±1.517 vs.12.0±1.549);14d:(7.7±0.816 vs.10.5±1.643);21d:(6.5±0.547 vs.9.0±1.265);28d:(5.3+0.816 vs.7.8±1.169),P＜0.05].After TBI,WJ tissue transplantation increased sucrose preference index from (54.49±1.505)％ to (64.56±2.279)％ (P=0.004),decreased immobility time using tail suspension test from (144.7±5.493)s to (115.7±4.660)s (P＜0.01),and decreased immobility time using forced swim test from (260.3±4.558)s to (215.8±5.003)s (P=0.002).After WJ transplantation,brain water content was reduced from (84.48±1.802)％ to (75.58+1.559)％ (P=0.004),the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α near injury area also decreased(P=0.000 6 and 0.000 3),as well as the expression of ROS(P=0.020).The fluorescence intensity of activated astrocytes decreased from (2 906±431.591)to (165 8±312.912) (P=0.041),and the number of microglias and activated microglias were both reduced(P=0.049 and P＜0.01) after TBI.Conclusions Wharton's jelly alleviated the inflammation and depression in traumatic brain injured mice.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the progress of shock therapy as well as the establishment and promoted application of arterial bypass grafting, thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, extracorporeal circulation on cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, limb replantation, and organ transplantation, blood reperfusion in multiple organs after ischemia has been achieved. However, the organs which undergo a period of ischemia appear to have the performance of damage aggravation.OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of MG53 protein in protecting five organs from ischemia/reperfusion injury, thereby providing reference for further in-depth study.METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Duxiu Knowledge Search and CNKI databases was performed for relevant literatures puldished between 1986 and 2016. The key words were MG53, TRIM, Mitsugumin53, ischemic, reperfusion, preconditioning, postconditioning, RISK, membrane damage, Connexin43, KChIP2 in English and MG53, ischemia/reperfusion in Chinese. Finally 61 eligible articles were reviewed in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a muscle-specific TRIM family protein, endogenous MG53 is involved in the repair of muscle cytomembrane damage, and the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning. Exogenous recombinant human MG 53 protein not only repairs membrane damage of various muscles and non-muscle cells, but also protects the myocardium, skeletal muscle, brain, lung and kidney from ischemia/reperfusion injury.

BACKGROUND:The production and release of a large amount of inflammatory factors caused by immune system inflammatory response mainly contributes to secondary spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cel transplantation on repair of injured neurological function and expression of inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 10 in rats with acute spinal cord injury. METHODS: Eighty-one healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and equaly divided into sham operation, model and cel transplantation groups, with 27 rats per group. Rats in the latter two groups were subjected to hemisection of the spinal cord to establish acute spinal cord injury models. Rat models in the cel transplantation group received umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cel injection (1×106)via the tail vein. Rat neurological function was evaluated using the BBB score at different time points after spinal cord injury. The expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin 10 in injured spinal cord tissue was detected using ELISA assay at different time points after spinal cord injury. Migration and neuronal differentiation of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels in the injured spinal cord tissue were determined using immunohistochemical staining method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham operation and model groups, rat neurological function was significantly recovered in the cel transplantation group (P < 0.05). Compared to the model group, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 level in the serum and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 mRNA and protein expression in the injured spinal cord tissue were significantly lower (P < 0.05), but interleukin 10 mRNA and protein expression in the injured spinal cord tissue was significantly higher (P < 0.05), in the cel transplantation group. In the cel transplantation group, umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels could migrate to the injured region and express glial fibrilary acidic protein. These findings suggest that umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels promote rat neurological function recovery by regulating the inflammatory response in the injured spinal cord tissue, which is likely to be one of mechanisms by which transplantation of umbilical cord Wharton’s jely mesenchymal stem cels treats spinal cord injury.

Objective To induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) to hair-cell like cells in the inner ear, using a two-step neural differentiation method.Methods The hUC-MSCs were obtained from human umbilical cords by tissue adherence culture,whose surface antigen CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90, HLA-ABC, and HLA-DR could be identified by flow cytometry.In the neural stem cells induced phase, the NSE positive cells were analyzed by microscope and immunohistochemistry.In the second stage, the expression of hair-cell like cells markers (Math1, MyosinⅦa, Brn3c) were tested by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence method.Results The control group and the protocol group had little NSE after differentiation while the protocol B group presented a neurobiological structure and demonstrated a higher NSE positive ratio after 5 days' neural stem cells induction (P<0.05).Compared to the control group, the mRNA and protein level of Math1, MyosinⅦa, and Brn3c exhibited a significant increase in the differential group,which induced for 4 weeks in the hair-cell like cells in the inner ear's induced phase(P<0.05).Conclusion The two-stage induction (hUC-MSCs-neural stem cells-hair-cell like cells) could produce more MyosinⅦa,Brn3c and Math1,which may provide an appropriate way to treat sensorineural deafness.