Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are a group of enzymes that can hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides. It is composed of 11 gene related isozyme families (PDE1-PDE11). Due to the diversity of isozymes, PDE distribute in different cells and sub-cells, regulate different intracellular signals and become an important target in intracellular signal pathway. Studies have shown that PDE inhibitor plays an important role in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility and related gastrointestinal diseases. This article reviewed the role and research progress of PDE inhibitor in gastrointestinal tract.

OBJECTIVETo assess the value of karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) assay for the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

METHODSThe karyotypes of 122 initially treated MDS patients were analyzed with conventional R-banding and FISH using probes including GLP CSF1R/D5S23, D5S721, GLP EGR1/D5S23, D5S721, GLP D7S486/CSP7, GLP D7S522/CSP7, GLP D20S108, CSP8 and CSP X/Y.

RESULTSThe detection rate of chromosomal abnormalities was 54.9% for the 122 patients. Among these, those involving 3 or more chromosomes are most common (16.4%), followed by +8(14.8%), -7/7q-(7.4%), -5/5q-(5.7%), 20q-(2.5%), and -Y in male patients (5.0%). Two MDS-RAEB II patients detected with t(8;21) should be diagnosed with acute myelocytic leukemia. FISH analysis showed that 54 patients were positive (44.3%). Among these, 30.3% had CSP8 amplification, followed by GLP D7S486/CSP7 and GLP D7S522/CSP7 deletion (12.3%), GLP CSF1R/D5S23, D5S721 and GLP EGR1/D5S23, D5S721 deletion (9.8%), GLP D20S108 deletion (7.4%), and CSPX/Y deletion (5%).

CONCLUSIONWith a detection rate of 54.9%, R-banding still constitutes the basic examination for MDS. As detection of interstitial chromosomal abnormalities in MDS can be greatly enhanced by FISH, combined karyotype analysis and FISH can improve the diagnosis of MDS and facilitate assessment of its prognosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Banding ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; Sequence Deletion ; Young Adult