OBJECTIVE: To optimize the microwave assisted extraction technology of icariin from Epimedii Folium. METHODS: The microwave assisted extraction technology of icariin from Epimedii Folium was optimized by L9(34)orthogonal design using extraction temperature, extraction time, alcohol concentration,ratio of solid and liquid with the content of icariin as index. RESULTS: The optimal extraction process of icariin was as follows: extraction temperature of 60 ℃,extraction time of 6 min, 30% alcohol and ratio of solid and liquid was 1 ∶ 20. CONCLUSION: The extraction technology is high efficiency and requires short period for extraction of icariin from Epimedii Folium with low cost.

Objective To investigate the display status of ultrasonography imaging check in central nervous system (CNS) in infants of early pregnancy and the diagnostic value of CNS malformation in infants of early pregnancy.Methods Gestational weeks of 2 751 enrolled subjects were divided according to the ultrasonic measurement of the crown rump length (CRL):11-11 +6 weeks group,12-12+6 weeks group,and 13-13 + 6 weeks group,prenatal ultrasound were performed to examine fetal CNS anatomy in infants of early pregnancy,record the display status in each groups of infants and analyze the relationship between the display situation and gestational age.Results Fourteen cases of fetal CNS malformation (20 malformations) in total were found by prenatal ultrasound,and the incidence of CNS malformation was about 5.09％ (14/2 571).Wherein,12 cases of early pregnancy were diagnosed,and 2 cases of middle pregnancy were diagnosed.The sensitivity of ultrasound of early pregnancy in the diagnosis of fetal CNS malformation was 85.71％.In the group of research,the ultrasound display ratios of 11-11+6 weeks group,12-12+6 weeks group and 13-13+6 weeks group were 96.73％,97.94％,98.06％,respectively.There was no significant difference in early pregnancy fetal CNS display ratio among groups (x2 =1.56,v =2,x2＜ x0.05.2 =5.99,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The display rate of CNS structure in infants of early pregnancy (11-13+6 weeks)is higher,and is not affected by gestational weeks.Prenatal ultrasound can effectively diagnose CNS severe malformation in infants of early pregnancy.

The aim of this paper is to explore the prevention of rabbit postoperative abdominal cavity adhesion with poly (lactic-co-glycotic acid) (PLGA) membrane and the mechanism of this prevention function. Sixty-six Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group, model control group and PLGA membrane group. The rabbits were treated with multifactor methods to establish the postoperative abdominal cavity adhesion models except for those in the normal control group. PLGA membrane was used to cover the wounds of rabbits in the PLGA membrane group and nothing covered the wounds of rabbits in the model control group. The hematologic parameters, liver and kidney functions and fibrinogen contents were detected at different time. The rabbit were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 weeks after the operations, respectively. The adhesions were graded blindly, and Masson staining and immunohistochemistry methods were used to observe the proliferation of collagen fiber and the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on the cecal tissues, respectively. The grade of abdominal cavity adhesion showed that the PLGA membrane-treated group was significant lower than that in the model control group, and it has no influence on liver and kidney function and hematologic parameters. But the fibrinogen content and the number of white blood cell in the PLGA membrane group were significant lower than those of model control group 1 week and 2 weeks after operation, respectively. The density of collagen fiber and optical density of TGF-β1 in the PLGA membrane group were significant lower than those of model control group. The results demonstrated that PLGA membrane could be effective in preventing the abdominal adhesions in rabbits, and it was mostly involved in the reducing of fibrinogen exudation, and inhibited the proliferation of collagen fiber and over-expression of TGF-β1.
Abdominal Cavity ; surgery ; Animals ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Lactic Acid ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Rabbits ; Tissue Adhesions ; prevention & control ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To explore the common causes of epilepsy and the etiologic characteristics in different age groups of patients with epilepsy.Methods A retrospective survey was made in 5572 epilepsy patients in Epileptic Center of Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital from January 2003 to December 2009.According to the diagnostic criteria published in 2005 from ILAE,all the diagnoses of 5572 cases were made by epileptic specialists.Based on history,cranial MRI or CT and pathologic data,causes of epilepsy were classified into idiopathic,symptomatic and cryptogenic epilepsy.The cases of symptomatic epilepsy were further arranged into different categories in different age grades,such as head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system, cerebral vascular disease, brain tumor, disorders of cortical development,neurocutaneous syndrome and others.The cases with febrile seizures and family history were collected,and positive ratio of febrile seizures and family history were contrasted in different categories of cases by Kruskal-Wallis test ( nonparametric test ).Results In 5572 cases,66 were idiopathic,2834 symptomatic,2672 cryptogenic,and the ratio of these causes was 1％,51％,48％ respectively.Among 2834 cases of symptomatic epilepsy,822 were head trauma,497 were perinatal injuries,360 were infection in central nervous system,249 were brain tumor,150 were cerebral vascular disease,135 were disorders of cortical development,62 were neurocutaneous syndrome and 559 were others. In brief,head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor and cerebral vascular disease were top 5 causes of symptomatic epilepsy. Hippocampal sclerosis was found in 744 cases in those of eryptogenic epilepsy.The importance of febrile seizures( idiopathic:15.2％ ( 10/66 ),symptomatic:6.5％ ( 185/2834 ),cryptogenic:9.4％ ( 250/2672 ) ; x2 =181.393,P =0.000 ) and family history ( idiopathic:83.3％ ( 55/66 ),symptomatic:1.1％ (31/2834),cryptogenic:0.4％ (12/2672) ; x2 =68.354,P =0.000) was statistically different in different causes of epilepsy.Febrile seizures was the most frequent in cases with hippocampal sclerosis than those with other causes,and family history was the most frequent in neurocutaneous syndrome in symptomatic cases.Perinatal injurics was thc first causc in cases of infancy and childhood,head trauma was the top one in those of juvenile and adulthood,and cerebral vascular disease was the main cause in senile cases. Conclusions In the whole epileptic cases of 5572, 1％ was idiopathic,51％ was symptomatic,and 48％ cryptogenic. The main causes of them were head trauma,perinatal injuries,infection in central nervous system,brain tumor,and cerebral vascular disease.

Objective To predict the value of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the risk and severity of coronary heart disease in diabetic patients.Methods Totally 120 cases were divided into 3 groups.Group A had no diabetes mellitus (DM) and no coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD).Group B had DM without CAD.Group C had DM with CAD.The levels of AGEs,low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),glycosylated hemoglobin,and the severity of coronary stenosis were detected.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the sensitivities and specificities of AGEs for the diagnosis of DM with CAD.Results The highest level of AGEs,LDL-C,glycosylated hemoglobin and carotid plaque was in the C group,with a statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The severity of AGEs was significantly correlated with the severity of CAD and the Gensini score of AGEs (r =0.445).ROC curve showed that the sensitivity,specificity and area under ROC curve of AGEs determination of DM with CAD were 80.0％,75.0％,and 0.86,respectivity.Conclusions The level of AGEs is significantly correlated with atherosclerosis and prognosis in DM.The severity of CAD was higher in the patients with higher AGEs,and the incidence and severity of restenosis increased.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of PLGA absorbable membrane in prevention of postoperative abdominal adhesion in rabbits.

METHODS66 Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: the normal control group n = 6, model control group n = 30 and PLGA group n = 30. Rabbits were received multifactor methods to establish postoperative abdominal adhesion models except for normal control group. The cecum wound was covered PLGA membrane in the PLGA group. At postoperative 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks, the abdominal cavities were reopened and the adhesive severity was graded blindly, and the hydroxyproline level in cecum tissue was measured and the cecum histopathology was observed.

RESULTS(1) the degree of adhesion and hydroxyproline level in model control group were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the degree of adhesion and hydroxyproline level in PLGA group were significantly lower than those of model control group (P < 0.05). (2) HE staining showed that cecum serosa had obviously inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation, while PLGA could inhibit fibroblast proliferation and reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen.

CONCLUSIONPLGA absorbable membrane can inhibit fibroblast proliferation and collagen to prevent the experimental postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

Abdominal Cavity ; pathology ; Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; analysis ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Membranes, Artificial ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Rabbits ; Tissue Adhesions ; prevention & control

To explore the diagnostic value of copeptin (CPP) in cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) in rats and the association between CPP and impairment of heart and kidney, 60 male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group (CK group), kidney failure group (SNX group), heart failure group (MI group), and CRS group. Heart and kidney function and their histology changes in rats from each group were detected. The correlation between serum CPP and heart and kidney function indexes was performed with Pearson correlation analysis. The HE staining of heart and kidney showed that the tissue lesion was more severe in CRS group than in SNX group and MI group. There was a significant positive correlation between serum CPP and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) (r=0.638, P<0.05). No correlation was observed between serum CPP and cardiac function index (left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular diastolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure) or renal function index (serum creatinine, urine creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) (r=0.512, 0.189, -0.063, 0.207, 0.290, 0.595, respectively, all P>0.05). The CPP level is associated with the degree of heart and kidney damage in CRS rats.