Objective: To discuss how to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment about the firstbranchial fistula. Method:16 cases with the first branchial fistula were analyzed retrospectively. Result :Of all thepatients underwent surgery, 14 cases were free from disease postoperatively within 0.5 years follow-up, 2patients underwent re-operation because of recurrence. Conclusion:Knowing about the disease fully, selectingproper surgical incision and possessing skilled surgical technique is important to improve the level of diagnosisand treatment about the first branchial fistula.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the correlation between the threshold of tone burst auditory brain stem response (Tb-ABR) and ASSR (auditory steady-state response) and the threshold of BA (behavioral audiometry). To investigate the accuracy and clinical value of Tb-ABR and ASSR in pediatric hearing assessment. METHOD: From January, 2014 to December, 2014, 76 children (123 ears) recieved hearing examination in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. They were classified into three groups according to the hearing level: 23 children (46 ears) with normal hearing ability in group A, 27 children (32 ears) with slightly-moderate sensorineural deafness in group B and 26 children (45 ears) with severe-profound sensorineural deafness in group C. Tb-ABR, ASSR, BA in 4 frequencies (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 kHz) were tested and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULT: (1) At the 4 frequencies (0.5-4.0 kHz), we obtained 132 thresholds of Tb-ABR, 144 of ASSR, 152of BA. And 166 thresholds were obtained in Tb-ABR+ASSR+BA in total . (2) The thresholds of Tb-ABR, ASSR and those of BA in all 3 groups had linear relations at 0.5-4.0 kHz. The correlation coefficients of group A were 0.76, 0.82, 0.87 and 0.91; 0.52, 0.57, 0.67 and 0.64. Those of Group B were 0.89, 0.95, 0.98 and 0.95; 0.74, 0.82, 0.87 and 0.90. Those of Group C were 0.91, 0.90, 0.92 and 0.89; 0.93, 0.95, 0.95 and 0.91. CONCLUSION (1) Both ASSR and Tb-ABR can allow reasonably accurate predictions for the pediatric hearing assessment. The correlation between Tb-ABR threshold and BA threshold is higher in normal hearing children and slightly-moderate sensorineural deafness children. The correlation between ASSR threshold and BA threshold is higher in severe-profound sensorineural deafness children. (2) The hearing test combination can evaluate the residual hearing ability for children with severe hearing loss.
Audiometry ; Auditory Threshold ; Child ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; Hearing Tests ; Humans

Objective To explore the main anatomical factors for relapse in patients underwent radical mas-toidectomy and discuss the preventive measures .Methods A retrospective study was carried out 36 patients who had underwent radical mastoidectomy and 100 patients (100 ears) who had been cured underwent radical mastoidectomy during July 2011 toSeptember 2013 .The patients underwent axial and coronal temporal Computed Tomography (CT) .The incidence of low -lying middle cranial fossa ,high jugular bulb ,anterior locati(36 ears)on of sigmoid si-nus ,dehiscent tympani tegmen ,dehiscent of the facial nerve canal ,large sinus tympani ,low -lying horizontal facial nerve were recorded .Results The incidence of low -lying middle cranial fossa(36 .1% ) ,anterior location of sig-moid sinus(41 .7% ) ,dehiscent tegmen tympani (30 .6% ) ,dehiscent of the facial nerve canal (41 .7% ) ,large sinus tympani(25 .0% ) ,low -lying horizontal facial nerve(22 .2% ) were higher than those of in the normal group .There was no significant difference in high jugular bulb .Conclusion The main anatomical factors for relapse in patients un-derwent radical mastoidectomy were low -lying middle cranial fossa ,anterior location of sigmoid sinus ,dehiscent tegmen tympani ,dehiscent of the facial nerve canal ,large sinus tympani ,low -lying horizontal facial nerve .

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability to perceive syllables phrases ,mono-syllabic words ,disyllabic words ,when using a CI and an HA in non -implanted ears (bimodal fitting) ,and the relationship be-tween aided thresholds in the HA ear and bimodal effectiveness .Methods Eighteen children who consistently used a bimodal fitting participated in the study .The loudness of speech in the HA ear matched that with implanted ear ,and the aided thresh-olds in the HA ear were obtained .The recognition rate of syllables phrases ,monosyllabic words ,and disyllabic words was tested under the aforementioned two modes in both the quiet and noisy backgrounds .Results The speech performance of children for monosyllabic words were 82 .67% ± 12 .23% ,83 .61% ± 12 .22% ,for disyllabic words 76 .00% ± 16 .13% ,78 .11% ± 14 .84% , for syllables phrases 60 .11% ± 17 .18% ,65 .43% ± 16 .76% ,with a CI alone or with bimodal fitting in a quiet environment ,re-spectively .In a noisy environment ,monosyllabic words were 75 .50% ± 14 .12% ,76 .83% ± 14 .15% ,and disyllabic words were 68 .22% ± 17 .15% ,77 .18% ± 16 .83% ,and syllables phrases were 49 .39% ± 19 .26% ,56 .33% ± 19 .55% .The results sug-gested that speech performance in a quiet or a noisy environment was significantly better with bimodal hearing than with a CI a-lone .All were statistically significant except the recognition rate of monosyllabic words in quiet background (P<0 .05) .Signifi-cant negative correlations were found between aided thresholds at 250 and 500 Hz ,and the bimodal advantages were noticeable for the some speeching perception .Conclusion Bimodal hearing enhances speech performance for deaf patients .The low -fre-quency residual hearing in the HA ear may play a major role in enhancing auditory and speech performance .

Objective To study the changes of the expression of growth associated protein -43(GAP 43) in cochlear nucleus and the inferior colliculus (IC) in rats after unilateral cochlear damage at different time points after surgery ,and explore the remodeling and repair process of synapse in brainstem auditory center of rats after auditory deprivation .Methods Thirty rats were randomly divided into six groups :the 3 ,7 ,15 ,30 ,60 days group (with u-nilateral cochlea damage) and the control group (without cochlea damage) with 5 rats in each group .The immuno-histochemical SP method was used to detect the expression of GAP -43 in cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus at different time points after cochlea damaged in the control group .Results After the unilateral cochlear ear was dam-aged at 3 ,7 ,15 days ,GAP -43 in operation side cochlear nucleus were expressed and the expression level signifi-cantly increased compared with normal control group .After 30 days postoperatively ,GAP - 43 expression level decreased ,but it was still higher than normal control group .After 60 days postoperatively ,GAP - 43 expression level was slightly higher than that of normal control group .After 3 days postoperatively ,GAP - 43 expression level was higher than normal control group .After 7 ,15 days postoperatively ,expression levels were increased .After 30 , 60 days postoperatively ,the expressions gradually decreased ,but still higher than the normal control group .Conclusion After unilateral cochlea damaged ,GAP - 43 was expressed an obvious dynamic change process in cochlear nucleus and infe-rior colliculus .It may reflect the axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity after hearing loss in brainstem auditory neurons .

Objective To study the expression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3(SOCS3) in the middle ear cholesteatoma epithelium ,and the possible roles of STAT3 and SOCS3 in middle ear cholesteatoma .Methods The immunohistochemical assay was used to detect ex-pression of STAT3 and SOCS3 protein in 30 cases of middle ear cholesteatoma epithelial tissue and 20 cases of nor-mal external auditory canal skin tissues as the control group .Results STAT3 immunoreactivity was detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm of epithelial cells .The expression rates of STAT3 in middle ear cholesteatoma epithelial tissue were 76 .7% and higher than in the normal epithelium (25 .0% ) .The differences between the two groups were sta-tistically significant (P<0 .05) .SOCS3 immunoreactivity was detected in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells .The ex-pression rates of SOCS3 in middle ear cholesteatoma epithelial tissue were 33 .3% and lower than in the normal epi-thelium (65 .0% ) .The differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The expression of STAT3 and SOCS3 in the middle ear cholesteatoma had negative correlation (r= - 0 .476 ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The abnormal ex-pression of STAT3 and SOCS3 in the middle ear cholesteatoma may be involved in hyper proliferation and anti -ap-optosis of cholesteatoma cell ,and play an important role in the formation and development of middle ear cholesteatoma .

Objective To establish a standardized quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent as-say ( ELISA) recommended by WHO for the detection of human IgG antibodies specific for Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides ( Pn PS ELISA ) .Methods According to the WHO recommended standard Pn PS ELISA protocol , capsular polysaccharide concentrations of 13 serotypes (1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 23F) of Streptococcus pneumonia for coating were optimized;the ELISA plates and AP conjugated goat anti-human IgG antibody for the detection were experimentally selected .Using the established assay parameters assured by testing quality control standards ( QCs) provided by WHO refer-ence laboratory , a panel of 16 LIBP ( Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co .Ltd.) QCs were measured for comparison analysis between WHO reference laboratory and LIBP laboratory .In the meantime , the range of IgG concentrations of an internal QC panel 907 for 13 serotypes of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide were established for routine QC work in LIBP laboratory , and inter-assay precision within LIBP laboratory was assessed as well .Results The standardized Pn PS ELISA assay established in LIBP laboratory met the criteria required by WHO .There was a high correlation between the data collected by WHO reference labora -tory and LIBP laboratory (slope=0.94, coefficient of correlation r=0.97, P<0.05).Eighty one percent of IgG concentrations measured by LIBP laboratory were within the range of ±40%of those measured by WHO reference laboratory , which met the criteria of 75%data falling within the ambit of ±40%of assigned values commonly used for comparison .The ranges of IgG concentration in LIBP QC 907 for 13 serotypes had been established.The inter-assay precision in LIBP laboratory was high with coefficiency of variation ( CV) less than 30%.Conclusion LIBP laboratory has successfully established the standardized ELISA recommended by WHO for quantitative detection of human IgG antibodies against pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (Pn PS ELISA).The range of IgG concentrations in LIBP QC 907 for 13 serotypes of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide are also established for routine quality-control practice .

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical and psychoacoustic characteristics of tinnitus patients from university students. METHOD: The study included 300 tinnitus patients. All patients were interviewed by the same investigator and using the same questionnaire. Data were collected and analyzed. RESULT: Hearing loss was seen in 54.3% of the patients. There was no correlation between tinnitus severity and tinnitus loudness (P > 0.05). There was a significant relationship between high-pitched tinnitus and high-frequency SNHL (P < 0.01). In 86.0% of these patients, tinnitus had produced an adverse effect on their psychology and daily life. CONCLUSION There is a significant relationship between high-pitched tinnitus and high-frequency SNHL. Tinnitus has an impact on the life of patients from the university students.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tinnitus ; complications ; psychology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To evaluated the characteristics, stage classification and treatment of external auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC). METHOD: Fifty-nine cases (60 ears) with EACC undergoing surgery were retrospectively analyzed in our study. RESULT: Hearing impairment, otalgia and otorrhea were common symptoms of EACC patients. A total of 60 ears were classified into 4 stages: Stage I (26 ears) underwent canaloplasty, stage II (14 cars) underwent both canaloplasty and tympanoplasty, stage III (19 ears) underwent mastoidectomy, and stage IV (1 ear) required both canaloplasty and neoplasty of capsula articularis articulations temporomandibular. CONCLUSION Besides the lesion in external auditory canal, EACC also invaded into the middle ear and the temporal bone. Stage classification by the signs of the temporal bone computed tomography and the patients' clinical findings was helpful for surgery.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholesteatoma ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Ear Canal ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; Tympanoplasty ; Young Adult

Objective To induce human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) to hair-cell like cells in the inner ear, using a two-step neural differentiation method.Methods The hUC-MSCs were obtained from human umbilical cords by tissue adherence culture,whose surface antigen CD29, CD34, CD44, CD45, CD90, HLA-ABC, and HLA-DR could be identified by flow cytometry.In the neural stem cells induced phase, the NSE positive cells were analyzed by microscope and immunohistochemistry.In the second stage, the expression of hair-cell like cells markers (Math1, MyosinⅦa, Brn3c) were tested by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence method.Results The control group and the protocol group had little NSE after differentiation while the protocol B group presented a neurobiological structure and demonstrated a higher NSE positive ratio after 5 days' neural stem cells induction (P<0.05).Compared to the control group, the mRNA and protein level of Math1, MyosinⅦa, and Brn3c exhibited a significant increase in the differential group,which induced for 4 weeks in the hair-cell like cells in the inner ear's induced phase(P<0.05).Conclusion The two-stage induction (hUC-MSCs-neural stem cells-hair-cell like cells) could produce more MyosinⅦa,Brn3c and Math1,which may provide an appropriate way to treat sensorineural deafness.