Objective To explore the method to relieve fingertip pain in monitoring fingertip blood glucose.Methods A total of 130 newly admitted patients with type 2 diabetes received glucose monitoring 6 times daily at different time points.Blood sampling was taken from different sites including the central and top of middle finger pulp,central and side of ring finger pulp,top of middle finger with pressing the acupoint of Hegu at the same time or pressing acupoint of Hegu for 1 minute before blood taking.Pain degree was assessed by numeric rating scale after blood glucose taking.Pain scores were compared among the different methods.Results There were significant differences in pain scores between different methods (x2 =164.83,P＜0.05).Pain score was higher in sampling blood on the side of ring finger pulp,while the proportion of subjects with mild pain after pressing Hegu was increased significantly.There were significant differences in pain scores between subjects with versus without pressing Hegu (all P＜0.05).Pain degree was reduced more significantly by pressing Hegu for 1 minute before blood taking than pressing Hegu at the same time of sampling blood,and the former had a higher proportion of subjects with only mild pain than the latter (x2 =10.44,P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in pain scores between the other methods (all P＞ 0.05).Conclusions Pressing Hegu can effectively reduce fingertip pain in fingertip blood glucose monitoring,and pressing Hegu for 1 minute before blood taking is more effective.

Objective To investigate the application value of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression in diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC).Methods One hundred and thirty inpatients with CRC in our hospital from February 2015 to November 2016 were selected and divided into 90 cases of CRC confirmed by operation and histopathology(CRC group),including intestinal cancer with and without metastasis,and 40 cases of benign colorectal diseases(colonrectal benign disease group),at the same time 40 persons undergoing physical examination were selected as the healthy control group.The levels of TNF-α,carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 724 were collected in all subjects.The data of various groups were not normally distributed,and the nonparametric statistical method was used to analyze and compare.Results Serum TNF-α level in clinical TNM stage Ⅱ(median 9.47 pg/mL),Ⅲ(9.95 pg/mL) and Ⅳ(9.67 pg/mL) of the CRC group was significantly higher than that in TNM stage Ⅰ(6.59 pg/mL);which in the CRC with metastasis group (9.95 pg/mL) was higher than 8.03 pg/mL in CRC without metastasis group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05);the TNF-α expression had no obvious difference among different ages and between different genders(P>0.05).The area under the ROC curve in each test index:TNF-α was 0.868,CEA was 0.912,CA724 was 0.523,and which of their joint detection was 0.940.Conclusion The expression of TNF-α is increased in the occurrence and development process of CRC,its serum level detection has certain clinical application value,the TNF-α expression has no obvious difference in the subjects with different ages and different sexes and has wide suitability.The combine detection of serum TNF-α,CEA and CA724 in the patients with CRC significantly increases the level,the combined detection of 3-index can have complementary advantages to increase the sensitivity of CRC diagnosis,which serve as the significant indexes in CRC early diagnosis,therapeutic effect evaluation and prognosis monitoring.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and value of white blood cell(WBC) count during influenza diagnosis.Methods Compare with leukocyte count and its classification,clinical features between 38 cases of influenza A and 55 cases of influenza B patients.Results The follow results have were significant difference between these two group(P<0.05):The WBC content (WBC),neutrophil count (NEUT),lymphocyte(LYMPH) count and platelet (PLT).In both group,WBC were mostly in normal range.However,WBC and NEUT% in the group A were 15.79% and 34.21%,higher than the B group 7.27%,25.45%.Additionaly,WBC and NEUT% in upper respiratory tract infection group were 59.26% and 66.67%,higher than the normal ranger,and group influenza A flow patients with higher proportion for headache and crackles,were 47.36% and 52.63%,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion The WBC count and its classification have significant difference between influenza A and B.Furthermore,patients with influenza A virus are more likely to have co-infection with bacteria.

Objective To investigate the change of serum ghrelin and sex hormones levels in girls with precocious puberty . Methods 87 girls with precocious puberty were divided into the simple premature thelarche (SPT ) and central precocious puberty (CPP) groups according to the results of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) stimulation test ,size of ovary and uterus ,and de-velopmental status of the secondary sex characteristics ,with 34 age-matched healthy girls as control group .The serum ghrelin level was quantitatively measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,luteinizing hormone(LH) ,follicle stimulating hor-mone(FSH) ,estradiol(E2) ,progesterone(PRGE) ,prolactin (PRL) ,testosterone (TSTO) and LH and FSH stimulated by GnRH after 30 ,60 ,90 min were measured by chemoluminescence technique .Results The ghrelin level in the CPP group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0 .05);there was no statistically significant difference between the SPT group and the control group and between the CPP group and the SPT group (P>0 .05) .The 5 indexes of sex hormone (LH ,FSH ,E2 ,PRL , PRGE) in the CPP group were significantly higher than those in the SPT group and the control group (P<0 .05) ,but no statisti-cally significant difference existed between the SPT group and the control group (P>0 .05);the TSTO level had no statistically sig-nificant difference among 3 groups(P>0 .05) .Conclusion The serum levels of ghrelin and 5 indexes of sex hormone (LH ,FSH , E2 ,PRL ,PRGE) in girls with CPP are significantly increased .

Objective To investigate and compare the level of food specific IgG antibody between children with chronic diarrhea and healthy children,analyze the correlation between chronic persistent diarrhea and food intolerance.Methods The research objective of 105 cases was obtained from in-patient children in Shenzhen children′s hospital diagnosed as chronic persistent diarrhea and 94 cases diagnosed not diarrhea as control group in the year of 2015.The level of fourteen food allergen specific IgG in serum was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) in 199 cases.Results Chronic persistent diarrhea was more observed in 0-1 years old of infants.The positive rate of 14 food allergen specific IgG in 105 cases of children with chronic persistent diarrhea in turn from high to low was milk,eggs,tomatoes,rice,wheat,cod,corn,beef,soybeans,chicken,pork,mushrooms,shrimp and crab;14 food allergen specific IgG in 94 cases of children not with diarrhea in turn from high to low was arranged as follows:milk,eggs,tomatoes,rice,wheat,soybeans,cod,corn,beef,crab,chicken,mushroom,shrimp and pork.Among them the level of milk,beef and soybeans in the comparison of the two groups was significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion Food intolerance was one of the important factors caused chronic persistent diarrhea in children.Reasonable diet for children may be the effective treatment of chronic persistent diarrhea.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of group A Streptococcus (GAS) antigen rapid detection method in children suffering from GAS infection.Methods:A total of 44 733 children with suspected GAS infection who were admitted to the Outpatient and Inpatient Departments of Shenzhen Children′s Hospital from January 2015 to December 2019.Throat swab specimens from all children were collected, and BinaxNOW Strep A Test reagent was used for GAS antigen rapid detection.Among them, the throat swabs of 346 children were inoculated with blood culture medium for traditional bacterial culture, and then the GAS antigen rapid detection was tested.The sensitivity and specificity of the two methods were compared, and according to the result of the GAS antigen rapid detection, its age, gender and seasonal trends were analyzed.SPSS 19.0 software was applied for statistical analysis of the data.Results:Among the 346 children tested by both methods, the results of bacterial culture were adopted as the reference method, the sensitivity of the rapid detection method for GAS antigen was 89.41%(152/170 cases), and the specificity was 94.32%(166/176 cases) compared with culture methods.A total of 44 733 cases GAS antigen were tested in children in Shenzhen, of which 10 024 cases were positive, with the positive detection rate of 22.41%.The trend of GAS antigen rapid detection was consistent with the five-year trend, with the high positive rate of 3-8 years, of which 4-6 years of positive rate was the highest.The two seasonal peaks were evident each year, with peaks occurring in April-June, and November and January of next year.The detection rate ratio of male and female was 1.74∶1, and the gender difference was significant ( χ2=27.93, P<0.000 1). GAS antigen rapid detection rate in different clinical departments from high to low in order are as follows: dermatology outpatient (52.34%), emergency clinic (47.74%), internal medicine outpatient (37.36%), infectious disease area (19.71%), five-level disease area (10.27%), internal medicine area (8.63%), surgical areas (7.34%) and neonatal areas (0). Conclusions:GAS antigen rapid detection method and bacterial culture method have high coincidence rate, and high sensitivity and specificity, and can be popularized and applied in the diagnosis of GAS infectious diseases in children.GAS detection rate is higher in outpatient emergency department and dermatology clinics.There are obvious differences from seasonal and population (age and gender) in the positive detection of GAS antigen.No neonates were found.

Related substances in pharmaceutical formulations are associated with their safety, efficacy and stability. However, there is no overall study already published on the assessment of related substances in the Compound Ketoconazole and Clobetasol Propionate Cream. In this work, a reliable HPLC-TOF-MS qua-litative method was developed for the analysis of related substances in this preparation with a quick and easy extraction procedure. Besides the active pharmaceutical ingredients, two compounds named ke-toconazole impurity B′ optical isomer and ketoconazole impurity E were identified. Furthermore, a new HPLC method for qualitative and quantitative assessment on related substances and degradation pro-ducts, which were found in the stability test, was established and validated. The single standard to determine multi-components method was applied in the quantitative analysis, which was an effective way for reducing cost and improving accuracy. This study can provide a creative idea for routine analysis of quality control of the Compound Ketoconazole and Clobetasol Propionate Cream.

Objective To investigate the role of Notch signaling in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis in a rat model induced by high glucose dialysate. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to daily peritoneal dialysis (PD) with a lactate-buffered solution containing 4.25% glucose. They were sacrificed at 2 and 4 weeks after PD. The parietal thickness was measured with Masson staining. The expression of TGF-β1, E-cadherin, α-SMA and collagen Ⅰ was examined by immunoblotting. The expression of Notch ligand Jagged-1 and the negative Notch signaling regulato--Numb was analyzed by both immunoblotting and RT-PCR. The expression of a Notch nuclear target gene Hcs-1 was examined by RT-PCR. Results Both HE and Masson trichrome staining revealed an increase in peritoneal thickness with a loss of mesothelial cells and a rich of collagen matrix deposition in the submesothelial zone was evident at 4 weeks after PD. Meanwhile, compared to healthy rats, the expression of TGF-β1, ct-SMA and collagen Ⅰ was significantly increased, but the expression of E-cadherin was decreased in peritoneum after PD treatment. It was difficult to detect the Jagged-1 and Hes-1 expression in normal peritoneum, but their expression was graduaUy increased after PD. In contrast, the expression level of Numb, a negative regulator of Notch signaling, was dramatically decreased after PD. Conclusions Notch signaling is activated during the process of PD-induced peritoneal fibrosis and the activation of Notch signaling is associated with the loss of negative regulation of Notch signaling via decreased expression of Numb. Inhibition of Notch signaling via overexpression of its negative regulators such as Numb may be a novel therapeutic approach for peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of adenovirus infection in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Shenzhen.Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs obtained from 25 602 children hospitalized with respiratory tract infections in Shenzhen Children's Hospital during 2014 to 2016,were tested for adenovirus with direct immunofluorescence assay.The detection rate of adenovirus and diagnosis in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection were analyzed.Results The total adenovirus detection rate was 2.97 ％ in 25 602 samples,with a male to female ratio of 2.04:1,no significantly difference in detection rate in male (3.12％) and female (2.70％).Accounted for 724 (95.14％) of the total adenovirus positive detection children below six years old,and 409(53.75％) children were detected below two years old.There was a distinct seasonality;the detection rate was higher in summer and winter (x2 =36.631,P＜0.01).In 761 hospitalized patients of ADV positive,431 were pneumonia,109 were bronchitis,74 were tonsillitis,14 were conjunctivitis pharynx and 133 were acute upper respiratory infection.Conclusion Our study demonstrates that respiratory adenovirus infection is an important cause of hospitalization in children below the age of 6 years in Shenzhen,China.The detection rate was higher in summer and winter than spring and autumn.Most adenovirus positive children were diagnosed by pneumonia,bronchitis and acute upper respiratory tract infection.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165) transfected the endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) mediated by lentivirus on acute lung injury (ALI) in rats. Methods The mononuclear cells from the male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were isolated and cultured to get the EPCs for study. The lentivirus vector carrying the human VEGF165 gene was constructed. According to the random number table method, 90 male SD rats were divided into ALI model group, phosphate buffer solution (PBS) group, EPCs treatment group, none transfected EPCs treatment group and VEGF165 transfected EPCs treatment group, and the rats in each group were subdivided into 4, 12 and 48 hours subgroups, with 6 rats in each subgroup. The rat model of ALI was reproduced by intravenous injection of oleic acid (0.15 μL/g). Then each treatment group was given PBS, EPCs, none transfected EPCs and VEGF165 transfected EPCs respectively with the same volume of 0.2 mL. For the groups with cells, about 1×106cells were contained. Abdominal aortic blood and lung tissue were harvested at 4, 12 and 48 hours. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed. The lung wet/dry weight ratio (W/D) was calculated. The expressions of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and VEGF165 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After dyed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), the lung tissue pathology was observed and the lung injury score was performed. Results Compared with the ALI model group, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in EPCs, none transfected EPCs and VEGF165 transfected EPCs treatment groups was significantly increased from 4 hours, and lung W/D, expressions of iNOS and ET-1 were significantly decreased, and VEGF165 expression was significantly increased. Compared with the EPCs treatment group, the increase in PaO2, the decrease in lung W/D and expressions of iNOS and ET-1, and the increase in VEGF165 expression in VEGF165 transfected EPCs treatment group were more significant [4 hours: PaO2(mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) was 82.84±10.69 vs. 72.34±9.36, lung W/D ratio was 4.83±0.23 vs. 5.55±0.37, iNOS (ng/mg) was 8.77±1.10 vs. 14.84±1.34, ET-1 (ng/mg) was 103.41±5.66 vs. 153.08±5.12, VEGF165 (ng/mg) was 130.56±12.16 vs. 83.03±5.95; 12 hours: PaO2(mmHg) was 91.67±6.81 vs. 78.5±8.81, lung W/D ratio was 4.44±0.35 vs. 5.32±0.25, iNOS (ng/mg) was 7.23±0.24 vs. 14.04±1.18, ET-1 (ng/mg) was 91.98±3.52 vs. 125.99±7.55, VEGF165 (ng/mg) was 164.49±5.71 vs. 96.61±6.12]; individual parameters reached valley value or peak value at 48 hours [lung W/D ratio was 4.26±0.30 vs. 4.89±0.15, iNOS (ng/mg) was 5.79±0.85 vs. 12.72±1.10, ET-1 (ng/mg) was 74.53±7.10 vs. 108.33±5.84, VEGF165 (ng/mg) was 237.43±10.79 vs. 134.24±11.99, all P < 0.05]. Over time, lung tissue injury in each group was gradually increased, and the lung injury score was gradually increased. The lung injury score at 48 hours in the EPCs, none transfected EPCs and VEGF165 transfected EPCs treatment groups were lower than that in the ALI model group. Compared with the EPCs treatment group, the VEGF165 transfected EPCs treatment group had a lower score at 48 hours (8.50±1.05 vs. 10.50±1.05, P < 0.05). Conclusion The transplantation of EPCs which were transfected with VEGF165 mediated by lentivirus could obviously improve the oxygen pressure, reduce the lung water seepage, decrease the iNOS and ET-1 expressions in lung tissue, and had obvious protective effects on ALI.