The specific immunotherapy is the etiological treatment and remission the symptoms of anaphylactic disease. It includes subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy(SLIT). SLIT is a new pathway. Many studies have confirmed its effectiveness in the treatment of anaphylactic disease. Due to its mild side effect, it is used commonly.

Objective To quantitatively detect serum Golgi protein 73 (GP73) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ,chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis and normal healthy individuals ,to compare the detection rate of GP73 and AFP and to investigate the clinical significance of GP73 for diagnosing HCC .Methods The serum samples in normal healthy individuals and the patients with chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis and HCC were collected and detected GP 73 and AFP by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the chemiluminescence method .Results The detection rates of GP73 and AFP in HCC were 75 .61% and 40 .24% respectively ,GP73 was significantly higher than AFP (P<0 .01);In chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis ,the detection rates of GP73 and AFP were 12 .58% and 41 .67% respectively ,the detection rate of GP73 was significantly lower than that of AFP (P<0 .01);In normal healthy individuals ,the detection rates of GP73 and AFP were 1 .67% and 6 .67% re-spectively ,the difference between them had no statistical significance (P>0 .05) .The specificity of GP73 and AFP in the normal healthy individuals and the patients with chronic hepatitis kive cirrhosis were 93 .42% and 77 .78% respectively .Areas under the ROC curves of GP73 and AFP were 0 .934 1 and 0 .806 6 respectively .The HCC detection rate of the combined detection of GP73 and AFPT was 87 .80% .Conclusion The GP73 detection rate and content are extremely low in the normal healthy individuals ,the GP73 detection rate is 12 .58% in chronic hepatitis liver cirrhosis and up to 75 .6% in HCC .The ROC curve analysis and the detec-tion rate are basically consistent .GP73 has the high detection rate and strong specificity in the patients with HCC ,which is the pre-ferred marker for early diagnosis of HCC .The joint detection of GP73 and AFP can improve the early diagnosis rate of HCC .

Objective To study the abnormal expression of P-AKT in follicular thyroid carcinoma and its relationship with angiogenesis. Methods MVD and expressions of P-AKT, VEGF in 40 specimens of FTC tissues were detected by immunohistochemical PV6000 method. Results The expression rate of P-AKT in FTC was higher than that of non-FTC tissues. The result was of statistical significance (P<0.001). There were correlations between the MVD of FTC tissue and the expression of P-AKT and VEGF (P<0.05). The MVD of P-AKT positive FTC tissue was higher than that of negative tissues (P<0.05). The MVD of VEGF positive FTC tissue was also higher than that of negative tissues(P<0.05). There were correlations between the expression of P-AKT and VEGF(P<0.05). Conclusion The hyperexpression of P-AKT played an important role in the secondary deposits and development of human follicular thyroid carcinoma. AKT/VEGF pathway may exist in FTC, and AKT is the key factor in the pathway which regulated the expression of VEGF.

Based on the research standpoint of internal needs,innovative research and management practice,the paper revealed and deeply discussed the 20 drivers behind the full play of medical doctor students' innovative behavior through the use of the method of questionnaire,expert in-depth interviews.

Interdisciplinary organization is a type of ecosystem,its development process is an eco-style,self-development process of evolution.This paper took Bio-X Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University as an example and analyzed the organizational and developmental features of interdisciplinary organization from the ecological and practical level.The features included the clear and stable organizational strategy,academic leaders with interdisciplinary awareness and excellent research groups,comprehensive interdisciplinary research infrastructure,administrative management and financial support of the university,strict but free cultural atmosphere,effective interdisciplinary research platform,rich interdisciplinary cooperative relationship net-work,effective management system and implementation system,combination of interdisciplinary research and interdisciplinary personnel training.There is ecological management latent and ecological co-evolution idea implicated in the construction and development of the Bio-X institute,which presents an ecological process of evolution.

Objective To summarize and analyze data of solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas (SPTP) in China,and investigate its epidemiology,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment.Methods Retrieval of Chinese Medical Current Contents and China Biology Medicine disc by the key words of solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas,papillary cystic tumor of the pancreas,pancreatic papillary epithelial tumor,cystic solid tumor of pancreas and Frantz tumor were performed,and relevant literatures were included.Results A total of 1180 SPTP patients from 117 articles were involved.There were 1054 women and 126 men and the ratio of male to female was 1:8.37.The average age was 29 years old (range 9 ～83 years).Detailed clinical information was available for 1172 cases,and the main clinical manifestations included abdominal discomfort (n=526,44.88％),medical check-up (n=464,39.59％),abdominal mass (n=131,11.18％).Laboratory and imaging tests were non-specific.The tumors size was 1.3～ 30 cm with a mean value of 7.84 cm.Four handreds and seven (36.8％) cases were located in pancreatic head,96 (8.7％)were in pancreas neck and 587 (53.1％) were in the body and tail of pancreas.Eleven handreds and sixteen patients received treatment,and the resection rate was 99.2％ (n =1107).Pathological examination showed that 628(57.0％) cases were benign and 306 (27.8％) were presented as malignant behavior,mainly as infiltrative growth and invasion of the surrounding organs,vessels.Nine handreds and seventy-seven cases were followed up (ranging from 1 month to 13 years),and re-occurrence or metastasis were detected in 42 cases (4.3％) and 24 patients died.Conclusions Solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas is a rare pancreatic tumor with low-grade malignant potential,and part of this tumor may present as malignant behavior and it primarily affects young females.No characteristics in clinical manifestations,laboratory and imaging tests are found.Pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis.Surgical resection is the therapy of choice and the prognosis is good.

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level over 5.3 mmol/L to the development of abnormal glucose metabolism and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).Methods This was a retrospective cohort study with 1 064 non-diabetic subjects(980 males;84 females) aged 60 or over, who carried out annual health check-up in Chinese PLA General Hospital from May, 1996 to May, 2015.Based on the average FPG level of 3 years before enrollment, the subjects were divided into four groups : ＜ 5.3 mmol/L, 5.3-＜ 5.6 mmol/L, 5.6-＜ 6.1 mmol/L and 6.1-＜ 7.0 mmol/L.Glucose metabolic changes, complications and mortality were follow-up until May, 2015.Results (1)The initial 3-year average FPG levels were (4.9 ±0.4) mmol/L in the total 1 064 subjects.Among them, 126 subjects developed diabetes mellitus (DM) and 144 subjects developed impaired glucose regulation (IGR) during the follow-up visits.The proportions of IGR and diabetes increased with the FPG levels (P ＜ 0.05).The risk for developing IGR was significantly higher in subjects with FPG≥5.3 mmol/L than in those with FPG ＜ 5.3 mmol/L (RR =3.08, 95％ CI 2.02-4.81, P ＜0.01).The risk for incident DM was markedly increased in subjects with FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L than in those with FPG ＜5.6 mmol/L (RR =6.73, 95％ CI 3.90-11.52, P ＜0.01);(2)The risk for CVD was eight folds higher in subjects with FPG ≥5.3 mmol/L than in subjects with FPG ＜ 5.3 mmol/L (RR =8.42,95％ CI 5.11-13.82, P ＜ 0.05);(3) Survival analysis showed that the risk of death was 1.47 times higher in subjects with FPG ≥ 5.3 mmol/L than in subjects with FPG ＜ 5.3 mmol/L after years of followed-up (RR=l.47, 95％CI 1.09-1.98, P=0.0127).Conclusion The risks for IGR, CVD and mortality are higher in the elderly with FPG ≥5.3 mmol/L, which highlights the importance for the disease prevention in elder people with FPG 5.3 mmol/L or more.

Objective To explore the circadian rhythm of interleukin (IL)-6 in collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats and investigate the effectiveness and safety of methotrexate (MTX) administered according to IL-6 rhythm.Methods Serum IL-6 concentrations of CIA and normal rats at different time points were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).CIA rats were randomly divided into the experimental group A,experimental group B and control group.MTX (1/7 mg·kg-1 ·d-1) was administered once a day when the IL-6 level began to increase or decrease in the experimental group,while MTX (1 mg/kg) administered once a week in the control group.Arthritis scores and leukocyte counts were observed.The production of IL-6 and C reactive protein (CRP) levels in the serum were measured.Moreover,histological changes in the ankle joint were examined.One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA),two independent sample t test were used to evaluate the experimental data.Results The plasma IL-6 levels in CIA rats were different at different time points,which began to increase at 18:00 and decrease at 6:00.Arthritis score in the experimental group A (4.8±0.7)was lower than that in the control group (5.8±1.0,t=2.256,P=0.0406) and experimental group B (5.5±0.5,t=2.393,P=0.0313).The levels of TNF-α [(185±21) ng/L],IL-6 [(99±6) ng/L],IL-1β[(20.1±1.6) ng/L] and CRP[(1251±282) μg/L] in the experimental group A were significantly lower than those in control group [TNF-α:(207±10) ng/L,t=2.726,P=0.016 4;IL-6:(100±6) ng/L,t=2.669,P=0.0183;IL-1β:(22.0±1.3) ng/L,t=2.814,P=0.0138;CRP:(1 417±278) μg/L,t=2.369,P=0.0327].The level of IL-6 in the experimental group A[(93±6) ng/L] was lower than that in the experimental group B [(99±6) ng/L,t=2.323,P=0.0358].Compared with the control group [(9650±1062)/μl],the counts of leukocyte in the experimental group A [(4595±603)/μl,t=3.841,P=0.0064] and experimental group B [(3833±585)/μl,t=4.442,P=0.003] were significantly lower.Compared with the control group (9.1 ±2.0),histopathology scores in the experimental group A (6.6±1.3,t=2.606,P=0.015) and experimental group B (7.4±1.3,t=3.857,P=0.0007) were significantly lower.Conclusion The plasma IL-6 levels in CIA rats have shown evident circadian rhythm.There-fore,once a day administration is better than once a week.The therapeutic effect of RA may be improved by administering MTX at the time points according to the circadian rhythm of IL-6.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of three different display devices on the interpretation of imaging data in medieal imaging system.MethodsThe luminance-meter L100 and the test patterns provided by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine(AAPM)were used to assess the performance of three display devices(the spherical,flat panel and liquid crystal display devices).The corresponding luminance response was compared with the reference criteria provided by AAPM Task Group 18(AAPM TG18).DR chest photography was taken on CDRAD2.0 contrast-detail phantom using the following experimental parameters:100 mA,80 kVp,and the exposure times for 6,10,12,and 16 ms.After each exposure,the surface dose of phantom was recorded and the image quality factor(IQF)was calculated.Statistical analysis of IQF was performed using ANOVA. ResultsThe maximum luminance values in the spherical,flat panel and liquid crystal display devices were 170,59 and 231 cd/m2 and the luminance ratio was 257, 99 and 350 respectively.There was a significant difference in the IQF bewteen the liquid crystal display device and other two display devices.Conclusion The liquid crystal display device has the better image quality.

Objective To evaluate the influence of respiration on the radiation dose distribution within target volume in radiotherapy with film dosimetry. Methods Radiation of 50 MU was delivered by a square, round, ellipse, dumb bell, or female shaped filed to the films within a moving or motionless Respiration Motion Phantom respectively, the dose distributions for the two motion status were measured and compared. In order to further verify the impact of respiration, a plank phantom was used on different shifting value: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cm, respectively. A square, round, or eUipse-shaped filed was used for irradiation and the distributions in different status were measured and compared with film dosimetry. Iso-dose line comparison, NAT(Normalized Agreement Tests) and γ comparison were used for the comparison of dose distributions. Fs can be an index to reflect the variability of the areas that surrounded by iso-dose lines. (FS90, FS50, FS25 delegates the ratio of the areas that surrounded by 90 %,50 %,25 % iso-dose hne in different situation respectively). Results (1) Compared with motionless situation, the FS90 in horizontal movement situation became small and the FS25 became large. As the displacement became larger, the FS90 became larger and the FS25 became smaller. FS in vertical movement situation, square and dumb bell fields changed while the others didn't have a change. (2)γ and NAT comparison: In the horizontal movement situation, compared with the static phantom, Pγ < 60 % and PNAT < 75 %. Under vertical movement situation, Pγ were less than 85 % for the square, round, dumb bell and female shaped fileds. In the plank phantom verification, Pγ and PNAT became smaller as the movement became larger. Conclusions The respiration can impact on the dose distribution within the target volume in radiotherapy, leading to a smaller area of higher dose level and an expanded area of lower dose level. The influence will become more significant with larger movement of the target.