Objective To establish a method for the determination of berberine hydrochloride in Weichangning granules.Methods RP-HPLC method was set up,using Merck-LiChrospher RP-18 column(4 mm ? 250 mm,5?m);the mobile phase was methnd-water(including 0.18 % phosphoric acid and 0.22 % sodium laurylsulfonate)(68 ∶ 32),flow rate being 1.0 mL / min;column temperature was 35 ℃ and the detection wavelength was 345nm.Results A good linearity was obtained in the range of 0.30 ~ 1.80 ?g(r = 0.9995).The average recovery was 98.32 %,with RSD 0.83 %.Conclusion The method is simple,rapid and with good reproducibility for the determination of berberine hydrochloride in Weichangning granules.

Objective To observe clinical efficacy of laparoscopy combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a ) in the treatment of endometriosis (EMs).Methods 158 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery and were diagnosed endometriosis in our hospital during Sep.2010 to Dec.2010 were chosen and divided into three groups:control group were treated with pure laparoscopic surgery,group A were treated with laparoscopic surgery and follow-up GnRH-a medication,and group B were treated with laparoscopic surgery,follow-up GnTH-a medication and add-back therapy.The total effective rates,recurrence rates,the changes of hormone levels before and after the treatment and adverse reaction rates after treatment were compared and analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of different treatments.Results The total effective rates of group A and group B (84.6%,86.2%) were significantly higher than that of control group (58.3%),and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.032,P=0.032).The recurrence rates of group A and group B (15.4%,13.8%)were significantly reduced compared with that of control group (41.6%)(P=0.012,P=0.012).The hormone levels decreased dramatically after treatment in three groups.The adverse reaction rate of group B was apparently reduced compared with that of group A,and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.001 ).Conclusion Laparoscopy combined with GnRH-a medication was a safe and effective treatment for endometriosis.The application of GnRH-a after laparoscopy can significantly increase the total effective rate of the operation and reduce the postoperative recurrence rate.For the patients who need to take long-term GnRH-a treatment,add-back therapy need to be given to decrease its adverse reaction and recurrence rate,or to delay its recurrence,thus could improve patients' living qualities significantly.

Objecive To investigate the prevalence of NDM-type carbapenemases in the carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli strains collected from Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. The epidemiological characteristics of NDM-type carbapenemase-producing isolates were analyzed.Methods Eighteen strains were collected from November 2013 to January 2015 in the clinical microbiology laboratory of Ruijin Hospital. All of them were resistant to imipenem or meropenem (inhibition zone diameter≤19 mm). The blaNDM gene was detected by PCR. The amplified products were subjected to sequencing analysis. Conjugation experiment was carried out to verify the transferability of plasmids. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed to analyze the molecular epidemiology.Results The blaNDM gene was identified in 6 strains, 4 of which had blaNDM-1-type and 2 had blaNDM-5-type carbapenemase gene. Three strains were positive in the conjugation experiment. MLST analysis showed that 6 NDM carbapenemase-producing isolates belonged to ifve sequence types, corresponding to five PFGE-DNA patterns (A-E). Two of these isolates shared the identical sequence type (ST5018) and nearly the same PFGE-DNA patterns (A1, A2).Conclusions NDM-type carbapenemase-producing E. coli is identified in this study. Most blaNDM-positive cases were sporadic. Plasmid might play an important role in the spread of blaNDM inE. coli. The blaNDM-5 type carbapenemase gene was first identified in Shanghai, to which more attention should be paid.

Silver nanoparticles ( AgNP) , the metallic silver par-ticles with the diameter of 1 ~100 nm are now widely used in many fields. Many researches show that the smaller size of Ag-NP, the stronger toxicity it shows. Generally speaking, AgNP with 20 nm shows strongest toxicity. After entering the body, they are distributed in different organs in the body, and the dis-tribution in the kidney shows a certain gender difference. They also produce some toxic effects after entering body organs. AgNP often exhibit dose effect on the toxicity in vitro cells,while in vivo experiments, their toxic effects change with the different objects and ways of acting. In addition, AgNP can produce toxic effects on reproduction, and may cause parental reproductive activity to deteriorate, and pass the toxic effects to offspring through the placenta to exert a negative influence on the growth and develop-ment of the offspring. The toxicity mechanisms of AgNP are oxi-dative stress injury caused by producing free radicals;metabolic disorders caused by reducing of drug metabolic enzyme activity;and also related gene expression defects and certain molecules, such as transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2(Nrf2) prote-ase caused by abnormal expression. In short, AgNP can be toxic to organisms, and we must evaluate their biological safety when we use it, to minimize or even avoid the danger it brings about.

Aim To investigate the influence of gly-cyrrhizic acid( GA) on cell proliferation and cell cycle and secretion of extracellular matrix ( ECM) , the level of fibronection ( FN) , type Ⅳ collagen ( C-Ⅳ) in the rats′ glomerular mesangial cells ( HBZY-1 ) cultured with advanced glycation endproducts ( AGEs ) . Meth-ods HBZY-1 were incubated in culture medium con-taining AGEs in the presence of GA and treated for 48 h. At the same time, the normal and control groups were established. Methylthiazoletetrazolium ( MTT) as-say was used to measure cell proliferation;cell cycle a-nalysis was performed using a flow cytometry; FN and C-Ⅳwere analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) . Results Cell counts increased markedly in AGEs group. Cell cycle analysis showed that cell percentage of S phase increased, G1 reduced and PI increased from 35. 01% ± 4. 21% to 44. 93%± 0. 25% ( P <0. 05 ) . FN and C-Ⅳ secretion in-creased ( P <0. 05 ) . Whereas GA was added, cell counts decreased, and the percentage of S phase also decreased and G1 increased, PI decreased from 44. 93% ± 0. 25% to 42. 16% ± 1. 04% ( P<0. 05 ) . In addition, the secretion of FN and C-Ⅳ decreased ( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion GA could prevent AGEs-induced HBZY-1 . GA may protect HBZY-1 from in-hibiting the abnormal cell proliferation, changing the cell cycle. GA can reduce the synthesis of FN and C-Ⅳ.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of TAK1 and p38 genes among different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients,and to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with different expression levels of TAK1 and p38 genes.Methods GAPDH was made as an internal reference,14 healthy people as control group.The quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of TAK1 and p38 in bone marrow samples of 87 AML patients,and the results were analyzed statistically.Results The expression levels of TAK1 and p38 in experiment group were higher than those in control group (0.194± 0.125 vs 0.015±0.008,0.233±0.140 vs 0.010±0.005,P ＜ 0.001).TAK1 expression in M4 was higher than that in M2,M3 and M5 (P =0.005,0.000,0.002),TAK1 expression in M3 was lower than that in M2 (P =0.022).p38 expression in M4 was higher than that in M1,M2,M3 and M5 (P =0.013,0.035,0.000,0.045),as it was higher in M2 and M5 than that in M3 (P =0.001,0.012).The CD56 positive rate cells and the number of peripheral blood leukocytes of the TAK1 high expression group were higher than those of the TAK1 low expression group,the CD19 positive rate of the p38 low expression group was higher than that of the p38 high expression group.Conclusion The expression levels of TAK1 and p38 genes are elevated in AML patients,and the up-regulation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the method for uncertainty evaluation of determination of tin and its compounds in the air of workplace by flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

METHODSThe national occupational health standards, GBZ/T160.28-2004 and JJF1059-1999, were used to build a mathematical model of determination of tin and its compounds in the air of workplace and to calculate the components of uncertainty.

RESULTSIn determination of tin and its compounds in the air of workplace using flame atomic absorption spectrometry, the uncertainty for the concentration of the standard solution, atomic absorption spectrophotometer, sample digestion, parallel determination, least square fitting of the calibration curve, and sample collection was 0.436%, 0.13%, 1.07%, 1.65%, 3.05%, and 2.89%, respectively. The combined uncertainty was 9.3%.The concentration of tin in the test sample was 0.132 mg/m³, and the expanded uncertainty for the measurement was 0.012 mg/m³ (K=2).

CONCLUSIONThe dominant uncertainty for determination of tin and its compounds in the air of workplace comes from least squares fitting of the calibration curve and sample collection. Quality control should be improved in the process of calibration curve fitting and sample collection.

Objective To evaluate the oxacillin disk screening test for screening Streptococcus pneumoniae by the penicillin Etest method.Methods 96 clinically isolated non-meningitis strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were collected.The sensitivity and spe-cificity of the oxacillin disc screening test was evaluated by the penicillin Etest method as a standard method for detecting the peni-cillin susceptibility.Results Among 96 non-meningitis strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae,the penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae(PSSP)strains detected by the penicillin Etest method accounted for 96.9%(93/96),the penicillin intermediate Strep-tococcus pneumoniae(PISP)strains accounted for 3.1%(3/96)and no penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae(PRSP)strain was found.But 16 PSSP strains were detected by the oxacillin disc screening test with the sensitivity of 17.2% and the specificity of 100.0%,respectively.The difference between the oxacillin disc screening test and the penicillin Etest method was statistically sig-nificant(χ2 =77,P <0.01 ).Conclusion The oxacillin disc screening test has the low sensitivity for preliminarily screening non-meningitis strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.Most of Streptococcus pneumoniae must be detected by the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)methods such as the penicillin Etest method.

Objective To study the expression levels of microRNA (miR)-16 and miR-146a in rat lungs of decompres-sion sickness (DCS) caused by fast buoyancy ascent escape or diving .Methods At 0.5 h after fast buoyancy ascent es-cape or diving, the pathological changes in rat lungs and expression levels of miR-16,and miR-146a were detected by re-verse transcription-quantitive polymerase chain reaction and compared with normal control group .Results The pathological characteristics of lungs in two DCS groups were tissue damage .At 0.5 h after DCS caused by fast buoyancy ascent escape , the lung tissue expression levels of miR-16 and miR-146a did not significantly change compared with normal control and diving DCS groups ,but the rat lung tissue expression level of miR-146 a in diving DCS group was obviously increased , com-pared with normal control group .Conclusion miR-146a may play a role in post-transcriptional regulation in the process of diving DCS .

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.24.018