Hemorrhagic transformation is a common complication after ischemic stroke, especially after thrombolytic therapy. Its disability and mortality are very high. Therefore, it limits the clinical application of thrombolytic therapy. This article reviews the types of hemorrhagic transformation, possible mechanisms and predictors after thrombolysis for ischemic stroke in order to provide reference for clinical treatment and research of ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare Indomethacin-hydroxypropy-cyclodextrin inclusion complex ointments and establish its assay method. METHODS: The preparation was prepared with O/W type emulsion ointment as base material, and the content of Indomethacin in which was determined by UV spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The calibration curve of Indomethacin was linear in the range of 16.76～41.91?g?mL-1(r=0.999 6),and its average recovery was 99.53%(RSD=1.50%). CONCLUSION: The ointments were convenient in preparation technique, and simple and accurate in determination.

The nanoparticle-based electrochemical technology for early detection of cancer is an imjportant research topic in the area of biomedicine.This article introduces the concept of tumor marker and principle of electrochemical detection of the tumor marker.The applications of nanoparticles in electrochemical early detection of cancer are reviewed in detail.Finally,the prospected application of research is discussed.

Objective:To study characters of the location in cells and binding activity of chicken Ii and B-L gene expressed products.Methods:The cloned gene segments of chicken Ii,B-LA and B-LB were respectively inserted into prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression plasmids,and then these recombinant plasmids were respectively alone transfected or cotransfected into engineering bacteria, Rosetta(DE3) or 293T cells.All of the recombinant bacteria were induced to express and their products then were renatured.The singly expressed products were detected to their immunogenicity with Western blot, and the co-expressed products were tested their binding with pull-down method and ( SDS-) PAGE.Results:First six of prokaryotic and eukaryotic recombinant expression plasmids were con-structed.The eukaryotic expressed products of Ii, B-LA and B-LB genes located in cellular plasma membrane.The single protein molecules were achieved from prokaryotic expressed products, which were renatured and purified with a Ni-column respectively.Secondly the prokaryotic expression Ii,B-LA and B-LB molecules could respectively induce mouse to product specific anti-bodies, which could recognize the corresponding products in eukaryotic expression.This indicated that they retained their antigenicity.Finally with pull-down from the products in co-expression in engineering bacteria and renaturation the Ii/B-LA or Ii/B-LB complexes were purified and the Ii,B-LA or B-LB monomers were dissociated from these complexes after a SDS treatment.Conclusion:The prokaryotic or eukaryotic expressed products of chicken Ii and B-L genes could retain their antigenicity,and chicken Ii could bind B-L molecules after prokaryotic coexpression and renaturation.These results provide a useful method to study the relation between Ii and MHC molecules.

Objective To explore the clinical features and diagnosis of primary immunodeifciency disease caused byTyk2 gene mutations.Methods Clinical data from the ifrst case in China diagnosed of primary immunodeifciency disease caused by Tyk2 gene mutation were retrospectively analyzed, and related literature was reviewed.Results One year and 3 month old boy suffered with repeated pulmonary infection, chronic otitis media, intractable eczema like rash, repeated skin abscess, HSV infection, intracellular bacterial infection, and remarkedly increased total IgE. It was detected that compound heterozygous mutations of c.2269C>G in No. 16 exon and c.149delC in No. 3 exon inTyk2 gene. Literature searching found other 8 cases (5 males and 3 females) of immune deifciency patients caused byTyk2 gene defects, all of which hadTyk2 gene homozygous mutations and presented with repeated infection of paranasal sinus and lung. In the 8 cases 6 cases were combined with mycobacterium tuverculosis infection, 4 cases had repeated virus infection, 4 cases had meningonecephalitis, 3 cases had intractable eczema like rash, 2 cases had salmonella enteritis, 1 case had remarkedly increased total IgE, one case had elevated eosinophils, 5 cases were born in intermarriage family and 1 case died of meningitis caused by unknown etiology.Conclusions When patients have repeated paranasal sinus infection and lung infection, combined with intracellular bacterial infection (including mycobacterium tuberculosis infection), and repeated virus infection or intractable eczema like rash, with or without increased total IgE, immunodeifciency disease caused by Tyk2 gene defection should be considered. Gene sequence analysis can assist in early diagnosis.

Objective: To research the functional segments of B-FA molecule binding invariant chain and their characters. Methods:The DNA segments (α1α2, sα1α2 and α3TC ) of B-FA genes were respectively cloned and inserted into prokaryotic or eukaryotic expression plasmids,then they were singly or co-transfected with Ii gene into the engineering bacteria E. coli (BL-21)or 293T cells. After induction of expression,affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE identification,the binding between B-FA segments and Ii molecule and co-localization in cells were observed with Pull-down and Western blot. Results:First three recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmids and four recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmids were constructed. The single molecules expressed by B-FA segments were observed after an affinity chromatography. Secondly the complexes of Ii/B-FA-α1α2 and Ii/B-FA-sα1α2 were detected by a Pull-down from the co-transfected corresponding prokaryotic expression plasmids,but no complex of Ii andα3TC,also in the western blot it was detected that B-FA-α1α2 or B-FA-sα1α2 as functional segment could bind Ii to form complex. Finally in eukaryotic expression 293T cells B-FA-sα1α2 kept localization, the same as B-FA. Conclusion: Chicken B-FA-α1α2 is function segment to bind with Ii molecule and keeps the location characters same as B-FA. The results of this research first time provide experimental evidence about B-FA functional region binding segment to Ii molecule.

Objective To investigate the change of the intestinal permeability,the expression level of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) mRNA and the relationship between them after total body irradiation (TBI),and explore the effect of TBI on the development of intestinal permeability and the expression level of ITF mRNA.Methods Twenty two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: 3 groups at 4,8 and 12 d after TBI with the total dose of 8.0 Gy and the dose rate of 1.0 Gy/min respectively,and a control group.Lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) were perfused into the esophagus before the experiment and urine samples were collected.Liquid chromatography was used to measure the L/M excretion ratio in the urine samples collected 4,8,and 12 days after the TBI.And then the mice were killed with their intestine were taken out.The expression of ITF mRNA in the jejunum tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results The urine L/M ratio levels of the groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.5092 ± 0.0352),(0.7174 ± 0.0116),and (0.7295 ± 0.0533) respectively,all significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.2908 ± 0.0533),F = 321.47,P ＜ 0.05].The ITF mRNA expression levels of groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.78612 ±0.1428),(0.2521 ±0.1223),and (0.2306 + 0.0221 ) respectively,all significantly lower than that of the control group [( 1.3498 + 0.0476),F = 235.71 ,P ＜ 0.05].The urine L/M ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ITF mRNA in all TBI groups (r = - 0.985,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The intestinal permeability increases and the expression level of ITF mRNA decreases after TBI.The urine L/M ratio is negatively correlated with the expression level of ITF mRNA after TBI.ITF is involved in protection against intestinal permeability induced by TBI.

Objective To analyze the effects of dengue virus 2 ( DENV-2 ) infection on the ex-pression of IL-29 in primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVECs) cultured on hydrogel sub-strates .Methods Primary HUVECs were isolated and cultured on hydrogel substrates .DENV-2 stains were used to infect the primary HUVECs at a multiplicity of infection( MOI) of 10.Flow cytometry analysis was performed to detect the apoptosis and infection rate of HUVECs after 48 hours of culturing .The gene chip profiling was performed to analyze mRNA expression .The expression of IL-29 at mRNA and protein levels were measured by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR analysis and double antibody sandwich ELISA as -say, respectively.Results Compared with 96.36%of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells that were infected with DENV-2 stains, only 4.71%primary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel substrates were infected .The pri-mary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel substrates with or without DENV-2 infection showed no significant differ-ences with the rates of cell apoptosis and infection (P>0.05).A significant difference was observed with the expression of IL-29 at mRNA level between primary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel substrates and the cells cultured in plastic bottles (P<0.05).The results of the real-time quantitative PCR analysis and ELISA as-say showed that IL-29 was highly expressed in DENV-2 infected primary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel sub-strates as compared with those in control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of IL-29 was de-tected in DENV-2 infected primary HUVECs cultured on hydrogel substrates , which was significantly differ-ent from that in DENV-2 infected primary HUVECs cultured in plastic bottles .The successful establishment of hydrogel substrates as the model of vascular basement membranes might provide a new way for the investi -gation of the pathogenesis of DENV infection .

Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effect of hyaluronic acid on adults with Kashia-Beck disease and the applicability of the joint dysfunction index.Methods A cluster-randomized,starch tablets-controlled trial was carried out depending on the joint dysfunction index of assessment for therapeutic efficacy on Kashin-Beck disease and self-assessment by patients of the Treatment Effect of Kaschin Beck Disease in Criterion.A total of 99 adults with Kashia-Beck disease were randomly divided into two groups:treatment group including 50 patients were intra-articular injected hyaluronic acid in knee weekly for 4 weeks,and the control group including 49 patients were treated with oral starch tablets for 3 months,2 tablets each time,3 times a day.We carried out 48 months follow-up and assessed the applicability of Kashia-Beck disease with treatment of hyaluronic acid.Results The improvement rates of joint dysfunction index were 80.0％ (40/50),83.0％ (39/47),86.4％ (38/44),85.7％(36/42),80.0％(36/45),and 47.1％(16/34) for 1 week and 1,2,3,6,48 months in treatment group,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of corresponding control group 25.0％ (12/48),28.3％ (13/46),33.3％ (16/48),25.0％ (10/40),30.0％ (12/40),and 21.4％ (6/28),and the differences were statistically significant between corresponding groups (x2=29.744,28.236,17.762,30.665,21.537,4.406; all P ＜ 0.05).Before treatment,the treatment group and control group in the joint dysfunction index scores were 7.59 ± 1.82 and 6.89 ± 1.97(t =1.837,P ＞ 0.05),respectively.After treatment,1 month follow up of the treatment group and control group in the joint dysfunction index scores were 3.44 ± 1.71 and 5.55 ± 2.34(t =4.972,P ＜ 0.01),respectively; 6 months follow up were 3.46 ± 2.78 and 6.10 ± 1.83(t =5.102,P ＜ 0.01),respectively; 48 months follow up were 5.13 ± 2.88 and 6.81 ± 3.07(t =2.219,P ＜ 0.05),respectively.The satisfaction of 85.1％ (40/47) in treatment group was significantly higher than that of 60.9％(28/46) in control group (Z =-4.012,P ＜ 0.01).Kappa value between joint dysfunction index and the overall evaluation of the treatment group after treatment was 0.526,which belong to moderate intensity of consistent degree (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid on adults with Kashia-Beck disease is significant and lasting,and the joint dysfunction index has better applicability to evaluate the long-term therapeutic effect.

Objective To evaluate the applicability of western Ontario and McMaster university osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) on Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD).Methods Clinical degree Ⅰ adult patients with KBD came from Yongshou and Linyou Counties in Shaanxi Province were investigated according to the historical diagnostic data and The Diagnosis Standard of Kashin-Beck Disease (GB 16003-1995),exclusion of other chronic diseases.Reliability of WOMAC was measured by retest reliability,1/2 coefficient and Cronbach'α reliability coefficient analysis; validity of the WOMAC was tested by the principal components,factor analysis and correlation analysis methods.Results Totally 200 adults patients with KBD were investigated,and 177 effective questionnaires were taken back (88.5 ％).Retest reliability was 0.754-0.853,1/2 coefficient was 0.886-0.971,and Cronbach'α reliability coefficient was 0.878-0.956.In three dimensions of WOMAC scale extracted a common factor,the cumulative variance contribution rate was 81.238％ through principal component factor.The pearson correlation coefficient between all items score of WOMAC and scale score and total score of WOMAC was more than 0.600.The differences of WOMAC score were not statistically significant in different ages,different grading of adult KBD patients (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion WOMAC scale used in KBD has good validity and reliability,but has low degree of differentiation.