Objective To study the relationship between GAT-1 and neuron injury in focal cerebral ischemia/infusion model.Methods Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion models were established in rats by thread embolic, then the brain tissues were taken at 3 h, 6 h,12 h, 24 h and 3 d after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.The number of GAT-1 positive neurons were calculated and the average optical density were detected by immunohistochemical technique in different time points after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, compared with the normal group and the sham operated group.Results The expression of GAT-1 was up-regulation obviously at 3 h after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion( P

Objective To evaluate the influence of respiration on the radiation dose distribution within target volume in radiotherapy with film dosimetry. Methods Radiation of 50 MU was delivered by a square, round, ellipse, dumb bell, or female shaped filed to the films within a moving or motionless Respiration Motion Phantom respectively, the dose distributions for the two motion status were measured and compared. In order to further verify the impact of respiration, a plank phantom was used on different shifting value: 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 cm, respectively. A square, round, or eUipse-shaped filed was used for irradiation and the distributions in different status were measured and compared with film dosimetry. Iso-dose line comparison, NAT(Normalized Agreement Tests) and γ comparison were used for the comparison of dose distributions. Fs can be an index to reflect the variability of the areas that surrounded by iso-dose lines. (FS90, FS50, FS25 delegates the ratio of the areas that surrounded by 90 %,50 %,25 % iso-dose hne in different situation respectively). Results (1) Compared with motionless situation, the FS90 in horizontal movement situation became small and the FS25 became large. As the displacement became larger, the FS90 became larger and the FS25 became smaller. FS in vertical movement situation, square and dumb bell fields changed while the others didn't have a change. (2)γ and NAT comparison: In the horizontal movement situation, compared with the static phantom, Pγ < 60 % and PNAT < 75 %. Under vertical movement situation, Pγ were less than 85 % for the square, round, dumb bell and female shaped fileds. In the plank phantom verification, Pγ and PNAT became smaller as the movement became larger. Conclusions The respiration can impact on the dose distribution within the target volume in radiotherapy, leading to a smaller area of higher dose level and an expanded area of lower dose level. The influence will become more significant with larger movement of the target.

Objective To investigate the frequency of posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (PC-BPPV) in each ear,and to explore the effect of sleep position in lateral-predominance of ear by PC-BPPV during sleep onset in elderly patients. Methods Totally 114 patients aged (67.4±7.5) years with unilateral PC BPPV confirmed by a positive Dix Hallpike test,were retrospectively reviewed.All patients included in the study were able to define a leteral predominant,favorate head-lying side (right,left or supine position) during sleep onset. Results The Dix Hallpike test was found to be positive on the right side in 72 patients and positive on the left side in 42 cases.During sleep onset,61 patients habitually laid their head on the right side,34 laid their head on the left,and the remaining 19 cases on the supine position.Among 114 cases with positive Dix Hallpike test,there were 78 cases with the same side between affected ear and sleep position (52 cases right,26 cases left),36 cases with different side (9 cases with right position and left positive Dix Hallpike test,8 cases left position and right positive Dix Hallpike test,19 cases slept in a supine position including 12 cases with right positive Dix Hallpike test and 7 cases with left positive).The association between affected ear and head-lying side during sleep onset was statistically significant (x2 =35.737,P＜0.01) and Pearson coefficient of continency was 0.4885. Conclusions Among the elderly,right-sided PC-BPPV is popular,and these patients favorite right head-lying position during sleep.There is association between the affected side by PC-BPPV and the head-lying side during sleep.

Objective To investigate changes of coagulation function in patients with high altitude polycythemia (HAPC) .Meth‐ods Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) ,prothrombin time (PT) ,thrombin time (TT) and fibrinogen (Fbg) were de‐tected and compared between 69 patients with HAPC and 60 healthy subjects (controls) .Results Fbg ,APTT and TT levels in pa‐tients with HAPC were higher than controls (P<0 .05) ,while the difference of PT was not significant (P>0 .05) .Dynamic obser‐vation indicated that comprehensive therapy could these recover coagulation function .Conclusion Hemorrhage and coagulation process in patients with HAPC could be very complicated ,including physiological adaptation and the process of physiology evolving into pathology .

Objective To establish the models with human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (RASFs)-cartilage-severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice for the study of the RASFs in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods The 4th passage RASFs were marked with 5-bromodexyuridine (5-Brdu)and injected into a cavity of inert sterile gel sponge,then with the normal human cartilage co-implanted in the back subcutaneously of SCID mice to set up a novel model of RA.Osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASFs)were injected as control group.Thirty days after the surgery,the mice were killed,the grafts and the knee joints were proceed with histological study and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of 5-Brdu and Vimentin in synoviocytes.The serum level of interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Twenty-three mice survived except for one mouse in the RASFs group died of anesthesia.① Only in one case in the RASFs group,the IL-6 was detected,the others were unable to be detected.The MMP-3 in the OASFs group was (40±17) pg/ml,but in RASFs group only one case was detected.② There were 4 and 3 implanted cartilages loss in the RASFs group and OASFs group respectively.The histological scores of cartilage invasion by synoviocytes and cartilage degradation in grafts were higher in RASFs groups than in OASFs groups (0.6±0.7 vs 0.3±0.5,2.3±0.8 vs 1.7±1.0 respectively).③ The histological scores of synovial hyperplasia and cartilage invasion in the knee joints was significantly higher in the RASFs group than in the OASFs group (3.1±0.8 vs 1.7±1.0,P＜0.01,1.6±1.7 vs 0.6±1.4,P＜0.05 respectively).④ During the grafts,a lot of 5-Brdu and Vimentin markers positive synovio-cytes were found in the mice subcutaneous tissue,but manipulus positive synoviocytes were found on the area of cartilage invasion in both groups.In knee joints,single positive synoviocytes could be detected in bone marrow and hyperplasic area of the synovial tissue in both groups.Conclusion The isolated RASFs can survival and have the ability to invade and degrade the cartilage in vivo without the limitation of immunity induced inflammations,and can also migrate to the synovial joints in distance and induce arthritis.

Objective To investigate the expression of XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and XAF1 in the hippocampus following SE in rats and to explore the pathophysiological mechanisms of expression of XIAP and its negative regulators after SE. Methods The lithium-pilocapine model of status epilepticus was established in SD rat. XIAP, Smac, HtrA2, XAF1 and activated caspase-3 protein were examined using immunohistochemistry. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and activated easpase-3. Results XIAP immunoreactivity diffusely distributed within the neuron after SE. Compared with the control group, the expression of CA3 XIAP protein in the SE group was increased gradually since 2 hours (0.5503±0.0172 vs 0.1507±0.0165, t=115.87, P<0.01), peaking at 8 hours (0.6221±0.0238 vs 0.1507±0.0165, t=136.69, P<0.01). The expression of CA3 Smac, HtrA2, XAF1 and activated caspase-3 protein were increased generally following SE. Western blot analysis showed a significant increase in Stoat, HtrA2, activated caspase-3 protein levels from 2 to 72 hours following SE, but no significant differences were seen in XIAP protein levels between the control group and the SE group. Conclusions The XIAP, Smac, HtrA2 and XAF1 are involved in the regulation of neuronal apoptosis and implicated in pathophysiological mechanisms of neuronal damage after SE.

Objective To investigate early and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia (VD)using FDG-PET scan. Methods Clinical data was collected from AD,VD and normal control(NC). 18F-2-fluo-ro-deoxy-D-glucose(18F-FDG)PET scan was conducted to detect the cerebral FDG metabolism. The average standard uptake value (SUV) of cerebral regions was expressed as semiquantitative index relative to ipsilateral cerebellum. Re-sults There were no differences in age and the mean total scores of the mini mental status examination (MMSE) between patients with VD and those with AD.The AD group showed that the SUV was significantly decreased in the right frontal, parietal,temporal lobe,hippocampus,temporo-parietal junction,and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex compared to the VD and in the bilateral posterior cingulate cortex,temporo-parietal junction,frontal and temporal lobe comparing to the NC(P≤0.01). SUV was significantly increased in the right parietal,posterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus whereas was significantly decreased in the left frontal lobe,temporo-parietal junction and thalamus in the VD compared with NC group(P≤0.01). Conclusion AD patients have typical features of 18F-FDG PET which may be helpful for the diagnosis of AD in the early stage.

Eukaryotic expression vectors carrying the small hairpin RNA (shRNA) for TRPC6 mRNA were constructed, and the effects of knocking-down TRPC6 on puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced apoptosis of mouse podocytes were observed. Two eukaryotic expression vectors containing small hairpin structure targeting TRPC6 named pGCsi-TRPC6A and pGCsi-TRPC6B were designed and synthesized. The plasmids were transfected into conditionally immortalized murine podocyte cell line by liposome. The changes in the TRPC6 mRNA and protein expression were observed by RT-PCR and Western blot after 48 h. Cultured podocytes were divided into four groups: control group, PAN treatment group, PAN treatment+shRNA transfection group, and PAN treatment+ negative control group. The expression of Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA and proteins was detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot respectively. The apoptotic rate of podocytes was measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that the expression of TRPC6 mRNA and protein was decreased in the podocytes when transfected with pGCsi-TRPC6A, and pGCsi-TRPC6B. The expression of Bax was increased, and that of Bcl-2 was decreased at protein and mRNA levels in the podocytes after treated with PAN for 48 h. These changes was attenuated by knocking-down TRPC6. Knocking-down TRPC6 could effectively decrease the PAN-induced apoptosis of podocytes. It was concluded that TRPC6 may play an important role in the PAN-induced apoptosis of podocytes. Knocking-down TRPC6 gene could effectively prevent the podocytes from apoptosis induced by PAN.

Objective: To understand the survival status and influencing factors of first-ever stroke patients, so as to provide evidence for improving the quality of life and prognosis of stroke patients. Methods: Demographic information, medical history, smoking history, and alcohol consumption history of newly diagnosed stroke cases first reported in 2017 in Xiaoshan District were collected through the Hangzhou Chronic Disease Surveillance and Management System. Patients were followed up for 5 years, with stroke death as the outcome event. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and factors affecting survival time of first-ever stroke patients were identified using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: A total of 3 886 patients first-ever stroke patients were included, the cases of cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke unspecified as to whether it was hemorrhagic or ischemic (unspecified) accounted for 86.93%, 11.45%, 1.06% and 0.57%, respectively. There were 2 047 males (52.68%) and 1 839 females (47.32%), with a mean onset age of (72.01±11.61) years. By the end of the follow-up on December 31, 2022, 906 patients died from stroke, with a median follow-up time of 62.00 (interquartile range, 35.00) months. The 1-year survival rate was 87.35% (95%CI: 86.30%-88.41%), the 3-year survival rate was 82.11% (95%CI: 80.88%-83.34%), and the 5-year survival rate was 76.64% (95%CI: 75.26%-78.02%), respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that onset age of ≥75 years (HR=5.543, 95%CI: 3.822-8.039), being treated at township-level hospitals (HR=5.934, 95%CI: 4.027-8.743), history of hypertension (HR=1.566, 95%CI: 1.317-1.863), history of chronic ischemic heart disease (HR=1.611, 95%CI: 1.362-1.906), smoking history (HR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.190-1.778), alcohol consumption history (HR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.067-1.641), stroke subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage (HR=3.442, 95%CI: 2.923-4.053) and unspecified (HR=6.843, 95%CI: 4.353-10.756) were associated with higher mortality risk among first-ever stroke patients. Conclusion The 5-year survival rate of first-ever stroke patients was 76.64%, which was influenced by age of onset, hospital level for diagnosis and treatment, stroke subtype, medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the polymorphisms in gene FGFR1, FGF10, FGFI8 and the nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS CLP) in Chinese population. Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral lymphocytes of 75 patients with NS CLP and their parents and 75 unimpaired healthy children. The polymorphisms in FGFRI gene rs13317, p. E467K, p. M3691 and p. S393S, FGF10 gene rs1448037 and FGFI8 gene rs4043716 were detected by applying three-dimensional (3-D) polyacrylamide gel microarray technology. The data were performed using statis-tical analysis : the genotype frequenc+ y and allele frequency between patients with NSCL/P and control subjects were performed. Haplotype relative risk (HRR) , family based association test (FBAT) , and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) in nuclear family were performed. Results: There were no poly-morphism in FGFR1 gene p. E467K, p. M369I and p. $393S site, the corresponding base was all G. The polymorphisms of rs13317 and rs1448037 were detected and their genotype frequency and allele frequen-cy showed no significant difference between 75 patients with NSCL/P and 75 normal children. TDT, HRR and FBAT were also no significant differences. The genotype frequency of gene FGF18 rs4043716 showed significant difference, but allele frequency were no significant difference. TDT, HRR and FBAT were also no significant difference. Conclusion: Our studies suggest an association between gene FGF18 rs4043716 and the NS CLP in Chinese population, and no association among gene FGFR1 rs13317, p. FA67K, p. M3691, p. S393S and gene FGF10 rs1448037.