Objective:To measure the bioelectrical impedance around the dental implants with bone defects.Methods:Bilateral maxillar second premolar were extracted in 6 native mongrel dogs,implants were placed immediately with or without bone defect of corresponding alveolar bene.Impedance value(IV)between the implant and contralateral mouth corner was measured by LCR TEST-ER.IVs were compared and analyzed by SPSS.Results:IVs of bone defect group were bigger than that of control group(P <0.05), in largger defect group were smaller than that in smaller group(P <0.05).Conclusion:Bioelectrical impedance can be used as an evaluation of peri-implant bone defects and the size of bone defect.

Objective To study the effects of the compound medicine of icariin and puerarin on peak bone mass in rats during growth period, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Forty female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 1 month were randomly divided into normal control group( C), icariin group( I), puerarin group( P), icariin and puerarin compound groupc(I+P), 10 in each group. The body weights were recorded once every two weeks, and the bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry every month. After the bone mineral density of the whole body was significantly different between the control group and drug groups the animals were sacrificed. The right femur and vertebrae were separated to measure the bone mineral density. The biomechanical properties of the femur and vertebra were detected by AG-IS series desktop electronic universal testing machine. The bone formation index osteocalcin, PINP and bone resorption index were determined by ELISA. Changes in the contents of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP 5b) and CTX-1; and changes in trabecular bone related parameters were recorded after magenta-picric acid staining. Results There was no significant difference in body weight between the two groups (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in whole body bone density after 1 month of treatment (P＞0.05). After 2 months of treatment, the body bone density of the drug-administered group was higher than that of the control group. Whole body bone density, femur and vertebral bone density, femur maximum load value, maximum vertebrae load value and trabecular bone number and area, serum OC and PINP levels increased, while TRACP 5b and CTX-1 levels decreased(P＜0.01) in drug group. The difference from the control group was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). There were significant differences in biochemical parameters and bone histomorphology between the compound drug group and the two-flavor monomer group ( P＜0. 01). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density and biomechanics, but the average value was higher than that of the monomer group. Conclusion The combination of icariin and puerarin can effectively increase the peak bone mass in rats.

Objective To explore the accuracy of Vitek 2 compact advanced expert system (AES) in indicating and analyze the carbapenemases-resisting Enterobacteriaceae phenotypes,and further investigate the methods to make up the AES.Methods 28 Enterobacteriaceae strains with Imipenem-Nonsusceptible by Vitek 2 compact,but AES suggested all production of carbapenemases were isolated.And imipenem susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method.Modified Hodge test (MHT) and the metallo-β-1actamase was detected by the double disk synergy method.Resistance genes were detected by the PCR amplification.Results ESBLs gene was amplified from all 28 selected strains,16 of which was detected KPC gene,and no strain of metallo-β-1actamases-producing bacteria.With carbapenemase gene detection as the gold standard,the accuracy of AES was 57.1％.Disc diffusion method detection accuracy rate of imipenem was 100％,and for 100％ of MHT accuracy.PCR amplification,MHT and the disk diffusion displayed the same result in detecting carbapenemases,but different with AES (x2 =10.08,P＜0.05).Conclusion The indications of the presence of carbapenemases using AES was not completely correct with a certain false-positive,and it is necessary to take other methods,such as disk diffusion or MHT methods,and improve the reliability of medicine-sensitivity tests.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the joint effect of birth weight and each of obesity measures (body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)) on abnormal glucose metabolism (including diabetes) at adulthood.

METHODSUsing the historical cohort study design and the convenience sampling method, 1 921 infants who were born in Beijing Union Medical College Hospital from June 1948 to December 1954 were selected to do the follow-up in 1995 and 2001 respectively. Through Beijing Household Registration and Management System, they were invited to participate in this study. A total of 972 subjects (627 were followed up in 1995 and 345 were followed up in 2001) with complete information on genders, age, birth weight, family history of diabetes, BMI, WC, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-hour plasma glucose (2 h PG) met the study inclusion criteria at the follow-up visits. In the data analysis, they were divided into low, normal, and high birth weight, respectively. The ANOVA and Chi-squared tests were used to compare the differences in their characteristics by birth weight group. In addition, multiple binary Logistic regression model was used to investigate the single effect of birth weight, BMI, and waist circumference on abnormal glucose metabolism at adulthood. Stratification analysis was used to investigate the joint effect of birth weight and each of obesity measures (BMI and WC) on abnormal glucose metabolism.

RESULTSThere were 972 subjects (males: 50.7%, mean age: (46.0±2.2) years) included in the final data analysis. The 2 h PG in low birth weight group was (7.6±3.2) mmol/L , which was higher than that in normal birth weight group (6.9±2.1) mmol/L and high birth weight group (6.4±1.3) mmol/L (F=3.88, P=0.021). After adjustment for genders, age, body length, gestation age, family history of diabetes, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, and duration of follow-up, subjects with overweight and obesity at adulthood had 2.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) =2.06- 3.62) times risk to develop abnormal glucose metabolism when compared with norm weight ones. Likewise, subjects with central obesity were more likely to develop abnormal glucose metabolism than ones with normal waist (odds ratio (OR)=3.35, 95%CI=2.49-4.50). In addition, compared to subjects with normal birth weight and normal BMI at adulthood, ones with normal birth weight and overweight (including obesity) at adulthood were more likely to have abnormal glucose metabolism (OR= 2.60, 95%CI=1.94-3.49); subjects with low birth weight and overweight (including obesity) at adulthood had the highest risk for abnormal glucose metabolism (OR=4.70, 95% CI=1.84- 11.99). The attributable proportion of interaction between low birth weight and overweight (including obesity) at adulthood was 48.5%. In addition, compared to subjects with normal birth weight and normal WC at adulthood, one with normal birth weight and central obesity at adulthood were more likely to have abnormal glucose metabolism (OR=3.18, 95% CI=2.33- 4.32); subjects with low birth weight and central obesity at adulthood had the highest risk for abnormal glucose metabolism (OR=4.78, 95% CI=2.01- 11.38); subjects with high birth weight and central at adulthood also had high risk for abnormal glucose metabolism (OR=4.35, 95%CI=1.38- 13.65). We found that the attributable proportion of interaction between low birth weight and central obesity at adulthood was 38.5% , and was 28.3% for interaction between high weight and central obesity.

CONCLUSIONThere was strong interaction effect between birth weight and overweight (especially central obesity) at adulthood on abnormal glucose metabolism at adulthood. Effective measures should be adopted to prevent and control adult obesity in order to offset the adverse effect of birth weight on long-term health risk.

Adult ; Birth Weight ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; epidemiology ; Obesity, Abdominal ; epidemiology ; Odds Ratio ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; Waist Circumference

Objective: To understand cumulative health risk behaviors among college students and the association with adverse childhood experiences, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of health risk behaviors in this population. Methods: From November to December 2022, four universities in Shanghai were selected using convenience sampling, and 3 039 students were selected for a questionnaire survey using random cluster sampling. The questionnaire covered general basic information, adverse childhood experiences and health risk behaviors. A latent class analysis was carried out to explore the latent classes of health risk behaviors among the college students and multivariate Logistic regression was performed to analyze the association between adverse childhood experiences and cumulative health risk behaviors. Results: The health risk behaviors of college students were classified into three latent classes:a low risk group (84.60%), a high risk group for smoking and alcohol consumption ( 10.37 %), and an excessive sugar intake group (5.03%). The proportion of three latent classes of health risk behaviors varied significantly by childhood neglect and abuse, family functioning and other adverse childhood experiences ( χ 2=210.67, 106.55, 104.41 , P <0.01). The results of the multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that childhood neglect and abuse, poor family functioning, and other adversities increased the risk in the high risk group for smoking and alcohol consumption among college students ( OR =6.24, 3.80, 3.68), as well as an childhood neglect and abuse increased the risk of the excessive sugar intake group among college students ( OR =2.18) ( P <0.01). Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences are associated with clustered health risk behaviors. Proactive measures should be taken to prevent the transmission of negative childhood experiences, which would contribute to reduce the occurrence of health risk behaviors among college students.

This article has analyzed the source and clinical significance of statement of "if keeping health, Zusanli (ST36) frequently being given moxibustion" based on philology and medical principles.The statement was recorded in Suosuilu (Trivial Details of Traditional Chinese Medicine) written in early Southern Song Dynasty, which was originally designed for preventing and curing wind diseases.The moxibustion on ST36 is to diffuse and unblock qi and blood of zang-fu organs, but is not to give festering moxibustion.If the statement is explained as repeated festering moxibustion, Yubaizhuang moxibution recorded in Beijiqianjinyaofang (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies) and Bao moxibution recorded in Zhenjiuzishengjing (Classic of Nourishing Life with Acupuncture and Moxibustion) used only in the condition of excessive yang deficiency will be misunderstood.Acupressure, frottage and foot bath can be selected in ST36 healthcare.Considering safety, some mild moxibustion therapies are recommended, such as suspended moxibustion and sandwiched moxibustion, in patients with obvious cold symptoms.

No ancient records of bigu(abstinence from grains)for life nurturing in healthy people have been identified although it was originally a taoist asceticism for pursuing immortality.The TCM classics of Huangdi Neijing and Nanjing have shown that healthy person with bigu would die of losing spirit after sev-en days.Bigu and life nurturing have been divided into different chapters to show the difference in the ancient medical books.The taoist doctors oppose bigu on account of early death and malady.Shiqi Bigu (eating qi with abstinence from grains)lacks theoretical evidence and no success cases could be verified."Bloating without appetite"originally refers to the symptom(anorexia)of spleen deficiency pattern.This term is used in Taoist practice to denote willpower of"eliminating desire"(zhinian)in taoist cultivation. Without precise fabrication,bigu prescriptions tend to consist of 80%sweet-flavored ingredients or grain and tonic herbs,which may be the actual cause of bloating and anorexia with safety concern.Bigu seems to have deviated from the ancient rule of TCM"well-balanced diet with the grains, meats, fruits and vegetables for health",and also violated the principle of"food variety with grain dominant"diet in mod-ern nutrition.There is no rationality to include bigu into the life nurturing methods or therapies of tradi-tional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To investigate the effects of human amniotic epithelial stem cells-derived exosomes on healing of wound with full-thickness skin defect in rats. Methods: (1) Human amniotic epithelial stem cells were isolated from the amnion tissue of 5 full-term pregnant women in Department of Obstetrics of our hospital by the method of trypsin digestion, and their morphology was observed. The third passage of cells were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin for cytoskeleton observation. The third passage of cells were identified with flow cytometry through the detection of expressions of cell surface markers CD29, CD31, CD34, CD90, CD105, SSEA3, SSEA4 and immunity-related marker human leukocyte antigen-D related site (HLA-DR). The third passage of cells were also assessed the ability of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. (2) The third passage of human amniotic epithelial stem cells were cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% exosome-free fetal bovine serum. Exosomes were isolated from culture supernatant by the method of ultracentrifugation and represented with scanning electron microscope for morphologic observation. (3) Six adult SD rats were anesthetized, and four 1 cm×1 cm sized wounds with full-thickness skin defect were made on the back of each rat. The wounds on the back of each rat were divided into control group, 25 μg/mL exosomes group, 50 μg/mL exosomes group, and 100 μg/mL exosomes group according to the random number table (with 6 wounds in each group), and a total volume of 100 μL phosphate buffered saline, 25 μg/mL exosomes, 50 μg/mL exosomes, and 100 μg/mL exosomes were evenly injected around the wound through multiple subcutaneous sites, respectively. The wound healing rate was calculated based on measurement on post injury day (PID) 7, 14, and 21. On PID 21, the healed wound tissue of each group was collected and stained with HE to observe and count skin accessories, and the arrangement of collagen fibers was observed with Masson staining. Data were processed with analysis of variance for repeated measurement, analysis of variance of randomized block design, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni test. Results: (1) The cells, which were isolated and cultured, displayed typical cobblestone morphology with many microvilli on cell surface. Among the cells, the positive expression rates of CD29, CD90, SSEA3, and SSEA4 were above 50.0%, and the rate of CD105 was 8.0%, while the rates of CD31, CD34, and HLA-DR were almost 0. The cells could differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. The above results revealed that the cells cultured were human amniotic epithelial stem cells. (2) Human amniotic epithelial stem cells-derived exosomes were round or oval vesicles with diameter from 50 to 150 nm. (3) On PID 7 and 21, wound healing rates of the four groups were close (with P values above 0.05). On PID 14, wound healing rates of 50 and 100 μg/mL exosomes groups were (89.8±4.3)% and (92.0±4.6)% respectively, significantly higher than the wound healing rate of control group [(80.3±6.4)%, P<0.05 or P<0.01]. Moreover, the wound healing rate of 100 μg/mL exosomes group was significantly higher than that of 25 μg/mL exosomes group [(83.3±5.1)%, P<0.05]. On PID 21, the numbers of skin accessories in 50 and 100 μg/mL exosomes groups were 4.3±1.4 and 5.1±1.6 respectively, obviously more than those of control group and 25 μg/mL exosomes group (respectively 1.4±0.5 and 1.8±0.6, with P values below 0.01). Well reorganized collagen fibers were observed just in the healed wound tissue of 50 and 100 μg/mL exosomes groups. Conclusions Human amniotic epithelial stem cells-derived exosomes can promote healing of wound with full-thickness skin defect in rats.

To compare the performance of self-inflating bag (SIB) with T-piece resuscitator (TPR) in neonatal resuscitation.Methods:This study involved the trainees participating in a Neonatal Resuscitation Simulation Camp (NRSC) organized by Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital in December 2019. They were trained to provide positive pressure ventilation with the two devices on artificial lungs. Ventilation parameters including peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), PIP in pulmonary alveoli (PIP alv), mean airway pressure (MAP), frequency, inspiratory time (Ti), tidal volume and minute ventilation volume were recorded and analyzed by independent sample t-test or rank sum test. Results:The PIP alv, PIP, oxygen flow rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation volume delivered by TPR were significantly lower than those by SIB [(17.18±1.61) vs (24.05±4.29) cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O=0.098 kPa), t=－6.87; (17.91±1.35) vs (29.97±4.50) cmH 2O, t=－14.06; (3.65±0.25) vs (6.88±1.59) L/min, t=－11.33; (15.90±1.81) vs (24.02±4.29) ml/min, t=－10.99; (664.71±88.94) vs (1 069.49±205.68) ml/min, t=－9.89; all P<0.001]. However, compared with SIB, the PEEP in pulmonary alveoli, Ti, duration of ventilation, inspiratory to expiratory ratio were increased when using TPR [(4.76(4.69-5.57) vs 0.19(0.12-4.10) cmH 2O, T=1 190.00; (0.59±0.15) vs (0.43±0.09) s, t=5.01; (1.46±0.23) vs (1.36±0.11) s, t=2.15; 0.71±0.22 vs 0.47±0.13, t=5.14; all P<0.05]. Conclusion:TPR could deliver more stable and safer PIP, PEEP and tidal volume than SIB and keeping MAP at a stable level during positive pressure ventilation on artificial lungs.

Objective:This study was aimed to explore the associations between the risk of dental fluorosis and the serum biomarkers of bone metabolism in children.Methods:A total of 502 children aged 7 - 12 years were selected by cluster sampling from 4 primary schools in Tongxu County, Kaifeng City, Henan Province from April to May 2017. Morning urine and fasting peripheral blood samples were collected from each participant. Urinary fluoride concentration was determined by fluoride ion selective electrode method. Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Dean method was used to evaluate the prevalence of dental fluorosis in children, and the participants were divided into dental fluorosis group ( n = 173) and control group ( n = 329) after being diagnosed by trained physicians for their dental fluorosis. The associations between the risk of dental fluorosis and the serum biomarkers of bone metabolism in children were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:The levels of serum phosphorus (mmol/L: 1.54 ± 0.19 vs 1.58 ± 0.21) and OC (ng/ml: 11.59 ± 5.22 vs 12.78 ± 5.88) in children in dental fluorosis group were significantly lower than those in children in control group ( P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum OC level affected the risk of dental fluorosis [odds ratio ( OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 0.92 - 0.99, P < 0.05]. The relative contribution of the biomarkers of bone metabolism to the risk of dental fluorosis in descending order were serum OC (36.34%), phosphorus (25.89%), BALP (13.16%), PTH (9.73%), calcium (9.44%), CT (3.72%) and ALP (1.72%). Conclusions:The prevalence of dental fluorosis in children is related to the changes of serum biomarkers of bone metabolism. Serum OC plays an important role in the occurrence of dental fluorosis.