OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of the total naphthoquinone in oil/water emul?sion of shikonin by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.METHODS:The content of the total naphthoquinone was counted in L-shikonin,methanol was used as solvent and the wavelength was set at516nm.RESULTS:The concentration of L-shikonin had good linear correlation with absorbance in the range of8.32～41.60?g/ml(r=1.0000,n=5),the average recovery was98.6%(RSD=0.53%).CONCLUSIONS:The present method is simple,precise and replicable resulting in high recovery and accuracy,it can be used to determine the content of total naphthoquinone in oil/water emulsion of shikonin.

Objective To develop the improved monitoring and evaluation system of adverse drug reaction during infusion in clinic and emergency department,and investigate the effect of this system.Methods To develop monitoring and evaluation system of adverse drug reaction,which was consistent with the medical safety (adverse) event reporting,and running it.The system consisted of organizational structure,knowledge training,event reporting and processing,data analysis,quality control and continuous improvement.We collected the observed indicators of the cases of adverse drug reaction,quality and network reporting time pass rate,which were compared with those of the conventional system.Results One year during the improved system running,the cases of adverse drug reaction in clinic and emergency department infusion was reduced,the quality of reporting and handling significantly improved,network report pass rate increased.Conclusions Improved monitoring and evaluation system of adverse drug reactions has some significance in safety management of clinic and emergency department infusion,which is worthy of promotion in clinical work applications.

Objective To evaluate the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria causing neonatal infectious pneumonia in Jiaxing,and to provide a therapy for clinical doctor to make a correct diagnosis,choose reasonable anti-biotics and avoid abuse of antibiotics.Methods Took expectoration from trachea in condition of asepsis to conduct culture and perform drug-sensitive test from 3025 cases.Results Totally 1 156 strains of aerobic bacteria were iso-lated.875 strains were gram negative bacilli(75.7%),269 strains were gram positive cocci(23.3%),and 12 strains were fungi(1.0%).Klebsiella pneumoiae,Escherichia coil,Acinetobacter baumanni,Enterobacter cloacae were com-mon in gram negative bacilli( respectively 178 cases,151 cases,87 cases,113 cases) .The proportion of the Staphylo-coccus aureus was the largest in gram positive cocci(245 cases) .The results showed that gram-negative bacilli were resistant to cefazolin, ampicillin, piperacillin and sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, piperacillin-tazuobatanna and cefoperazone-sulbactam.The drug resistance was severe of ESBL-positive.Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythrocin, clindamycin and sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, nitrofurantoin.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli are the main bacteria in neonatals with infectious pneumonia.The drug resistance is severe.It is important to make a standard management and isolation.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum procalcitonin (PCT),C reactive pro-tein(CRP),and lymphocyte subsets CD +19 CD +23 in children with Kawasaki disease (KD).Methods From August 2013 to July 2015 in hospital,30 cases of acute phase KD were selected.According to cardiac color Doppler ultra-sound results,30 patients were divided into coronary artery disease (CAL)group and non coronary artery disease (NCAL)group.The intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)before and after treatment,serum PCT,CRP,CD +19 CD +23 were detected.And 30 healthy children were selected as normal control group.Serum PCT was detected by chemilumines-cence immunoassay,CRP was determined by immune latex ratio method,CD +19 CD +23 was measured by flow cytometry. Results The levels of PCT,CRP and CD +19 CD +23 were (1.37 ±0.39)μg/L,(52.24 ±12.99)mg/L,(25.45 ± 11.06)% respectively in KD before IVIG treatment,which were significantly higher than those of KD after treatment [(0.49 ±0.24)μg/L,(37.48 ±6.27)mg/L,(17.23 ±1.97)%]and the control group[(0.05 ±0.00)μg/L, (16.08 ±5.21)mg/L,(15.76 ±2.39)%],the differences were statistically significant (t =6.108,5.983,8.172, all P <0.01).In CAL group,PCT[(1.75 ±0.53)μg/L,(65.95 ±14.55)mg/L]and CRP[(0.93 ±0.42)μg/L, (26.18 ±6.71)mg/L]were higher than NCAL group,the differences were statistically significant (t =5.504,5.621, all P <0.05).While CAL group CD +19 CD +23 [(24.70 ±11.86)%]and NCAL group[(25.79 ±10.59)%]had no statistically significant difference (t =0.559,P >0.05 ).Conclusion PCT,CRP and CD +19 CD +23 can be used as important index for early diagnosis and prediction of KD,the levels of CRP and PCT have clinical significance in the assessment of coronary artery lesions.

Objective To develop a humidification fluid dropping joint for the breathing machine to solve the problems in humidification fluid retension,pipeline leakage,pipeline fixation and etc.Methods A Infusion extension tube was involved in with 10 cm length left at the injector end.A hole was made at the side wall of the L-shaped joint of the breathing machine,whose internal diameter equaled to the external diameter of the extension tube.The extension tube was put into the joint through the hole,and the depth of imbedded tube was within 4 and 6 cm.Sealing and fixation at the connection between the tube and hole were executed with 502 glue and short tourniquet.Results The humidification fluid dropping joint could be connected with infusion apparatus of the pump or the infusion extension tube of the micro pump,which behaved well in eliminating accumulated humidification fluid,sputum suction,humidification and facilitating mechanical ventilation.Conclusion The joint developed gains advantages in easy manufacture,reducing complications and increasing the dependence on artificial airway,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.

Objective To observe the curative effect of head hypothermia combined with mouse nerve growth factor in the treatment of neonatal moderately severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).Methods 50 cases of severe HIE were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 25 cases in each group.Both two groups were given the conventional treatment.The observation group was given head hypothermia treatment in 6 hours after born,to maintain the nasopharyngeal temperature (34.0 ±0.5)℃,anal temperature (35.5 ±0.5)℃,72 hours continuously.At 96 hours after the birth,the nerve growth factor was given.The control group did not give the head mild hypothermia treatment.At 96 hours after birth,the nerve growth factor (methods,dosage and treatment were the same as the observation group)was treated with nutrition and brain nerve.After treatment,the improvements of heart rate,muscle tension,convulsions and disturbance of consciousness were observed in two groups.After 3 days,2 weeks and 4 weeks,the neonatal behavioral neurological assay (NBNA),1 and 3 months after birth,the outfit cranial MRI plain scan and brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP)were evaluated.Results NBNA scores of the two groups were compared in 3 days,2 weeks and 4 weeks after birth,the differences were statistically significant (t=2.53, 2.89,3.23,all P<0.05).In the observation group,the abnormal brain MRI was significantly less than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =24.125,P<0.05).In the observation group,the number of abnormal auditory evoked potential was significantly less than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =21.312,P<0.01 ).Conclusion Head hypothermia combined with mouse nerve growth factor therapy for the treatment of neonatal moderately severe HIE has protective effect,it can improve the treatment efficacy, reduce the long-term neurological sequelae,and without adverse reaction.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypoxia on AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) pathway in the brain of young rats.METHODS:Part one:SD mice (3~4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8): simulated air control group for 2 weeks (2AC), chronic intermittent hypoxia group for 2 weeks (2IH), simulated air control group for 4 weeks (4AC) and chronic intermittent hypoxia group for 4 weeks (4IH).Part two:SD mice (3~4 weeks old) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=8): chronic intermittent hypoxia group for 4 weeks (4IH) and chronic intermittent hypoxia group treated with AMPK inhibitor for 4 weeks (4IHI).After modeling, the eight-arm maze test was performed.TUNEL method was used to detect the neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampal and pre-frontal cortical tissues.The mRNA expression of adenosine A2a receptor was examined by RT-qPCR, and the protein levels of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) were determined by Western blot.
RESULTS:Compared with control group, the numbers of reference memory error ( RME) , working memory error ( WME) and total error (TE) in 2IH group and 4IH group significantly increased (P<0.01).Compared with 2IH group, the num-bers of errors in 4IH group also increased significantly (P<0.01).Compared with 4IH group, the values in 4IHI group significantly decreased.Compared with control group, the neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in 2IH group and 4IH group increased, and that in 4IH group was more evident (P<0.05).In 4IHI group, the neuronal apopto-sis decreased.The mRNA expression of adenosine A2a receptor in the hippocampal and cortical tissues in 2IH group and 4IH group was higher than that in control group.The protein level of p-AMPK was higher, and p-mTOR was lower in 2IH group and 4IH group, and those in 4IH group were more evident (P<0.05).Compared with 4IH group, the protein level of p-AMPK was lower, and p-mTOR was higher in 4IHI group.CONCLUSION: Chronic intermittent hypoxia induces neuronal apoptosis, resulting in impairment of learning and memory in a time-dependent manner by upregulating adenosine A2a receptor, activating AMPK activity, and inhibiting mTOR phosphorylation in rats.

Objective To establish the models with human rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial fibroblasts (RASFs)-cartilage-severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice for the study of the RASFs in the pathogenesis of RA.Methods The 4th passage RASFs were marked with 5-bromodexyuridine (5-Brdu)and injected into a cavity of inert sterile gel sponge,then with the normal human cartilage co-implanted in the back subcutaneously of SCID mice to set up a novel model of RA.Osteoarthritis synovial fibroblasts (OASFs)were injected as control group.Thirty days after the surgery,the mice were killed,the grafts and the knee joints were proceed with histological study and immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of 5-Brdu and Vimentin in synoviocytes.The serum level of interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results Twenty-three mice survived except for one mouse in the RASFs group died of anesthesia.① Only in one case in the RASFs group,the IL-6 was detected,the others were unable to be detected.The MMP-3 in the OASFs group was (40±17) pg/ml,but in RASFs group only one case was detected.② There were 4 and 3 implanted cartilages loss in the RASFs group and OASFs group respectively.The histological scores of cartilage invasion by synoviocytes and cartilage degradation in grafts were higher in RASFs groups than in OASFs groups (0.6±0.7 vs 0.3±0.5,2.3±0.8 vs 1.7±1.0 respectively).③ The histological scores of synovial hyperplasia and cartilage invasion in the knee joints was significantly higher in the RASFs group than in the OASFs group (3.1±0.8 vs 1.7±1.0,P＜0.01,1.6±1.7 vs 0.6±1.4,P＜0.05 respectively).④ During the grafts,a lot of 5-Brdu and Vimentin markers positive synovio-cytes were found in the mice subcutaneous tissue,but manipulus positive synoviocytes were found on the area of cartilage invasion in both groups.In knee joints,single positive synoviocytes could be detected in bone marrow and hyperplasic area of the synovial tissue in both groups.Conclusion The isolated RASFs can survival and have the ability to invade and degrade the cartilage in vivo without the limitation of immunity induced inflammations,and can also migrate to the synovial joints in distance and induce arthritis.

Objective To investigate the influence of gestational abnormal glucose metabolism on the birth outcome and long-term weight of neonates.Methods Thirty pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were enrolled in this study.30 pregnant women with gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) were selected,and 30 normal pregnant women(NGT) were selected as control group.The weight,length and weight index (PI) of the three groups were collected.The incidence rates of adverse outcomes were collected in the three groups.The long-term weight of the newborns was investigated.According to whether breastfeeding,they were divided into breastfeeding group and non-breastfeeding group.The body mass index (BMI) was compared between 42 days,3 months,6 months and 12 months,respectively.Results There were statistically significant differences in body weight and PI of neonates except length between the control group and the GDM group (t =1.60,P =0.06;t =5.09,P =0.00;t =6.94,P =0.00).There were statistically significant differences in body weight and PI of neonates except length between the control group and the GIGT group(t =1.57,P =0.06;t =4.21,P =0.01;t =5.88,P =0.00).There were no statistically significant differences in the above indices between the GDM group and the GIGT group(all P ＞ 0.05).The incidence rate of macrosomia in the GDM group and the GIGT group was significantly higher than that of the control group (x2 =10.59,P =0.00).The incidence rates of respiratory failure syndrome,cardiovascular disease,hyperbilirubinemia and birth injury among the three groups had no statistically significant differences(x2 =1.23,P =0.54;x2 =2.09,P=0.35;x2 =2.02,P=0.36;x2 =2.09,P=0.35;x2 =4.03,P=0.13).At the birth of 42 days,3 months,6 months,12 months,the BMI of neonates in the GDM group and the GIGT group were slightly higher than those in the control group,but there were no statistically significant differences in BMI index among the three groups of breasffed newborns (F =0.71,P =0.28;F =0.97,P =0.12;F =0.98,P =0.12;F =0.77,P =0.22).At the birth of 42 days,3 months,6 months,12 months,the BMI of neonates in the GDM group and the GIGT group were slightly higher than those in the control group,but there were no statistically significant differences in BMI index among the three groups of breasffed newborns (F =0.77,P =0.34;F =0.89,P =0.10;F =1.12,P =0.09;F =0.55,P =0.67).Conclusion Abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women can lead to a significant increase in the incidence of neonatal macrosomia.The body weight and PI of neonates are higher than those without abnormal glucose metabolism in pregnant women,but the abnormal maternal glucose metabolism in pregnant women has no significant influence on the long-term body weight of neonates,and there is no significant difference between NGT and neonates.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the styryllactone components in Goniothalamus cheliensis Hu (Annonaceae).

METHODUPLC-Q-TOF-MS was used to identify the main styryllactone components in G. cheliensis. The chromatographic separation was performed on ACQU ITY UPLC BEH C18 column and eluted by actonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid in water gradiently. The mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization souce was used as detector under the positive ion modes.

RESULTTwelve styryllactons were identified based on their MS data and published literatures, and the MS fragmentation regularity of the styryllactones was also proposed.

CONCLUSIONIt is an accurate and effective method to obtain the structural information of styryllactones.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Goniothalamus ; chemistry ; Lactones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification